RU2561214C1 - Method of tillage and tillage tool for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises band-breakout loosening of arable layer up to 30 cm with chaotic embedding of crop residues and stubble itself. Loosening is carried out in a straight- line moving rotating working bodies mounted on the endless chain. The working bodies are made in the form of a bit, a drill, a screw, a corkscrew or their various combinations. The tool comprises a trailed frame on which at least three endless chains are arranged, rotating in the direction of the frame movement, two of which are external and one - internal. The chains are attached to rotation mechanisms with fixed working bodies. The working bodies are made in the form of a bit, a drill, a screw, a corkscrew or their various combinations for implementing band-breakout loosening of arable layer.

EFFECT: increase of soil moisture reserves, while improving air regime in it.

11 cl, 31 dwg

Description

Application area

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to tillage implements.

The invention also relates to agricultural methods of tillage.

Introduction

Recently, when energy carriers have risen in price, which significantly affects the cost of agricultural products, and climatic conditions have changed in the direction of warming, which leads to a constant moisture deficit in the upper layers of the soil, a new method of tillage has been invented - band-blasting, which means and a tillage implement for its implementation. Thanks to its use on the expanses of agricultural land, the costs incurred by each producer of agricultural products, in particular, on primary tillage (planar tillage, plowing), and operations to collect and preserve moisture in the soil in the autumn and winter, are many times reduced. Agricultural equipment is able to replace plows, plane cutters, hole-forming machines of the LOD-10 type, increase the productivity of labor and agricultural equipment many times without creating a plow sole, excluding dumps and collapses during its operation.

A soil moisture cultivator is proposed (soil tillage device), for example, with a working width of 2 meters (PVR-2.0).

Agricultural equipment is trailed. For different types of soils and the purpose of technological methods, PRV-2.0 is equipped with different interchangeable working bodies, different in shape, which are determined by a specialist to achieve the technological process.

PRV-2.0 is capable of qualitatively cultivating the soil to a depth of 14-16 cm to 28-30 cm, which corresponds to the characteristics of plows and plane cutters, significantly surpassing them in their economic indicators.

PRV-2.0 is aggregated by tractors of all types, starting from T-16, T-25 in a single version. T-30, T-40 - two in a couple. UMZ, MTZ, T-150, K-700 - from 3 to 10 pieces in a coupler.

The speed of operation of PRV-2.0 is not more than 5 km / h, which corresponds to the performance of one unit of 1 hectare per 1 hour of operation, for 7 hours of operation, respectively, 7 hectares with a T-16 tractor. K-700 respectively 70 hectares for a seven-hour shift of continuous operation. Fuel consumption compared with plowing and planing processing is reduced by 30% of the average accepted rate per shift on arable land.

The type of operation is performed by the working body - a corkscrew. Thanks to this working body on an agricultural machine, the discovery of a new method of tillage, called the method of band-tearing tillage, was discovered in agriculture. Its advantages will be described below and confirmed by the drawings.

Other replaceable working bodies are intended for other types of agricultural operations.

So, in order to increase the moisture reserve in the upper horizons of the soil on perennial grasses (alfalfa, clover) for 3-4 years of use, it is proposed to drill a hole in the autumn before the autumn-winter period with a working body, that is, drill with a layout of working bodies in a chain of up to 1 meter along the transport chains. Working bodies should be staggered between parallel ridges. Depth of processing is up to 30 cm.

This technique will significantly replenish moisture in the lower horizons of the soil.

On perennial grasses, it is recommended to aggregate PRV-2.0 at a speed of up to 7 km / h. In the spring, with a disk cultivator of the LGD-15 type with a small angle of attack of disk batteries up to 7 ° to produce peeling, that is, repair of perennial grasses. This will give a dusting of the holes and leveling of the mounds, rejuvenation of perennial herbs by damaging the upper ends of the roots, which leads to the formation of new buds and the death of old ones, which means the emergence of new shoots of perennial herbs.

As can be seen from this example, PRV-2.0 did not spoil it at all with agricultural practices - rejuvenation of perennial herbs, but also increased the moisture supply by trapping melt water in pits and holes.

Other working bodies, such as a drill, screw, screw auger, are intended for other types of work as predecessors of other agricultural methods. For example, before cultivation - deep cultivation to reduce soil resistance. This reduces fuel consumption by 20-30% for cultivation.

PRV-2.0 does not supplant plows and plane cutters that have been tested over the years, it is simply trying to adequately occupy its niche among a set of agricultural implements and machines, enabling agricultural specialists to use the capabilities of this agricultural machine in an argumented and practical way, which will undoubtedly increase crop productivity without resorting to plowing.

In the fields before the main fertilizer application, it is recommended to “screw” or “drill” the soil, which will allow more even distribution of fertilizers at different levels in the soil. Further, it is recommended to disk with a heavy harrow type BDT-3, BDT-7. In the autumn-winter period, moisture will accumulate in “hidden” holes and pits. The soil for sowing early grains after harrowing is ready. The air regime of the soil is fully ensured by these operations.

This is an incomplete list of the capabilities of PRV-2.0, they have not yet been fully studied, but even from this one can see only some advantages:

- in fuel economy - at least 5-7 times, improvement of water and air regimes of soils, nutrient regime of plants;

- savings by excluding from the technological process of growing crops some operations, such as plowing, flat-cutting, distributing more evenly over the upper horizon of fertilizers, increasing the moisture reserves in the soil, improving the air regime of the soil.

The simplicity of the principle of operation of working bodies PRV-2.0, which do not make a plow sole, does not interfere with replenishing moisture from the upper layers of the arable layer to the lower.

The design of PRV-2.0 has the following imperfections: a complex structure that is more metal-intensive compared to a plow or plane cutter. Harder to manufacture, maintain and operate.

But, despite all of the above, PRV-2.0 is simply necessary for agricultural specialists, simplifies and expands the capabilities of technological operations and agricultural practices for soil preparation, increases moisture reserves and improves soil air regime.

Edge strips, pivot points, or wedge-shaped sections of uncultivated soil obtained by breaking down field pens, fields with a complex configuration and short headland are recommended to be used and processed using old proven methods, such as plowing, flat-cutting, deep cultivation.

When working with PRV-2.0 when lowering the working bodies to the soil, especially when deepening, sharp turns and backward movement are unacceptable, which will lead to serious damage.

When working with several agricultural machines in a coupler, the unit must be equipped with markers or track markers.

State of the art

The well-known "Unit for the formation of depressions in the soil", copyright certificate No. 917718, and "Tillage", copyright certificate No. 917717, in which the working bodies perform the work of pin injection with rods by pressure on them with an impulsive action mechanism, which leads to the formation of depressions in the soil on the length of the stroke of the rods.

The reverse process of returning the rods from the soil after the injection is carried out due to the springs sitting on the rods themselves, that is, due to the force of the compression of the springs.

The main disadvantage is the formation of recesses in the soil of small diameter or the small length of the recess, which significantly reduces the efficiency of the work performed.

So, there is another invention, “Tillage tool,” copyright certificate No. 506336, has a drive from the tractor’s power take-off shaft (PTO), the working bodies are of the type of rods, are located on endless traction chains, and those, in turn, are on drive sprockets of a large diameter, forcing deeply under the influence of sliders and guide support rollers on them.

The disadvantages of this invention are the small width of the grip of the unit, the use of the tractor PTO shaft and the small size of the recesses.

Now, to compare an analog or prototype to the claimed tool, we take a well-known plow.

The disadvantage of the plow is the increased energy intensity of the process and low productivity compared to the invention. This is due to the resistance of the soil to its movement, it is known that the greater the depth of arable land, the more fuel is required, the tractor is more powerful, and labor productivity decreases. So, the PN-5-35 five-body plow, mounted by the T-150 tractor, has a working width of 1.75 m and, on average, plows from 5 to 7 ha per shift on chernozems.

In plane cutters, productivity is twice as much, which is equally incomparable with PRV-2.0.

Known hole-forming disk with a working width of 10 m - LOD-10. The principle of operation of its working bodies is hemispherical disks through the knee at its ends and in the center of the knee held by fastening to the frame of the beam-forming machine when moving forward, aggregated by a tractor, scrape the soil with disks. After filling one disk with earth, a counterbalance to the other disk is created, facing the back of the hemisphere to the course of the unit, which swaps the disk filled with earth to empty through the knee, creating a hole-furrow. In it, spring water accumulates from snow and rains, which are gradually absorbed by the soil.

The main disadvantage of this tool was the shallow depth of the furrows, which could not be increased by the number of working bodies in one pass.

The well-known "Bur", patent No. RU 2298076, as a device for excavation and construction work. It has drawbacks - it should be twisted by hands to dig into the ground, while applying considerable effort both when pressed and in scrolling. Efforts should be made in its extraction from the hole formed by him, and more than once.

Another working body similar to the invention is a bottle corkscrew for removing a cork from a bottle. Its disadvantage is its screwing into the cork of the bottle and its recess with the cork from it. Applies the manual force of man also when releasing the corkscrew from the cork.

The next working element is a screw. Screw connections of parts are used in construction, furniture manufacturing and other sectors of the economy. The disadvantage is that it should be screwed in using one or another force.

In the invention, this operation is performed by the mechanism of rotation of the working bodies, using the translational movement of the tool, turning the rotation mechanism of the working body relative to its axis of rotation into rotational movement.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is the development of a new method of tillage and tillage tools to increase moisture reserves in the arable layer with improving the air regime in it, at no additional cost increase labor productivity, more than economical fuel consumption per unit of output, increase crop yields and much more.

Other objectives and advantages will be discussed below as the description is presented and drawings are provided.

The essence of the invention

Thus, according to the invention, a belt-loosening loosening of the arable layer up to 30 cm is carried out by drilling it with a chaotic seal of the crop residues and the stubble itself.

Also according to the invention, before loosening the arable layer, slots are cut in the soil.

Also, according to the invention, for preparing the soil for the autumn-winter period, the plow layer is additionally discarded.

Also according to the invention, edge strips, pivot points or wedge-shaped sections of uncultivated soil are treated with plowing, plow cutting and deep cultivation.

Also according to the invention, the mineral fertilizers are evenly distributed over the arable horizon of the soil and cracks.

Also according to the invention, when drilling an arable layer, the following types of work are carried out, for example, corkscrewing, drilling, drilling, screwing, or various combinations thereof.

Also according to the invention, the tillage implement is characterized by the presence of:

- a trailed frame on which at least three endless chains rotating in the direction of the frame movement are located, of which two are external and one internal, to which are attached rotation mechanisms of the working bodies that carry out the belt-tearing loosening of the arable layer by drilling it.

Also according to the invention, an auxiliary lifting chain is attached to the mechanism of rotation of the working bodies from one end, which is attached to the inner endless chain from the other end.

Also according to the invention, the frame comprises at least one front slewing wheel and at least one rear lifting and transport wheel controlled by a hydraulic cylinder, and a rear adjustable support leg, which rests on the soil layer through the shoe.

Also, according to the invention, in the upper and lower parts of the frame there are guide and pressure channels, which compress the rotation mechanism on both sides and thereby ensure its rotation upon contact of the working bodies with the soil layer and their self-cleaning.

Also according to the invention, the scraper of the working body is located on the frame.

Also according to the invention, the frame contains at least one soil knife mounted in the area of the belt-tearing cultivation of the arable layer.

Also according to the invention there are replaceable sets of working bodies in shape and purpose, for example: a drill, corkscrew, drill, screw or various combinations thereof.

Also according to the invention, the rotation mechanism of the working bodies consists of a housing of a rotation mechanism, onto which at least two rotation wheels are fastened with joints, for example bolted, the upper wheel being provided with a cage with a bearing, and the rotation mechanism includes at least three fasteners for two external and one internal endless circuits, between two external circuits, a bearing is put on the base of the housing of the rotation mechanism, providing free rotation of the rotation mechanism.

The tasks are solved by the fact that during the rectilinear movement of agricultural equipment aggregated by a tractor, through working bodies connected to rotation mechanisms of working bodies sitting on three infinitely flexible joints (chains), sandwiched between guides and pressure channels, when contacting with soil, rotation occurs the working bodies themselves around its axis, plunging into the soil.

The design of the mechanism of rotation of the working bodies and the frictional forces that occur when the wheels of the rotation mechanism move along the rubber tracks of the guide channel do not allow the latter to slip along them. It is pressed by the rubber track located on the central bar, another pressure channel acting on the pressure roller of the rotation mechanism. Due to this force dependence, the rotation mechanism of the working bodies and the working bodies themselves spin. And since the weight of the agricultural machine is not small, pressing on the working bodies, due to their scrolling along its axis and their shapes, there is a forced deepening along the guide channels into the soil.

After deepening the working bodies to a predetermined depth (the depth is determined by the limiter on the working body and their length, the length of the guides and pressure channels and the height of the racks at three points of support of the implement), the working bodies stop rotating, not reaching the lower shaft of the sprockets and soil knives when leaving the guides lower channels. Soil knives, when the unit moves forward, due to the fact that they have a round shape and are located at the lowest point of the implement, sit on the lower shaft, scrolling on bearings, cut the soil into strips, which greatly facilitates the exit of working bodies from the soil through flexible joints ( chains) extending up to the rear sprockets of agricultural equipment, holding it on them.

The mechanism of rotation of the working bodies sits tightly on three endless connections (chains), fastened on one side through a bolt connection to the transport chain connector, on two external chains and through an auxiliary vertical lift chain connected to the internal chain, which greatly facilitates the lifting or lifting of the working body with soil. On the other hand, the head of the cable, which includes a segment of the cable that goes inside the base of the housing of the rotation mechanism, is connected to the internal circuit through a bolted connection. This additionally provides stability to the rotation mechanism on the rise. When lifting, the cable bends and the structure behaves steadily.

When passing the rear sprockets of the gun, the working bodies are cleaned mainly by frame cleaning of the working bodies. This is a drill, screw, auger drill, drill. They do not need further complete cleansing of the soil.

Then they, rotating with working bodies turned upside down in an endless chain, are sent to the front sprockets, along the way self-cleaning of soil lumps, spinning to the left side. After passing the front sprockets, the working bodies with rotation mechanisms are again ready to repeat the work cycle. For the four above-mentioned working bodies, running cleaners of working bodies are not required.

They are required only for the working body - a corkscrew, which, after the initial cleaning procedure, frame scrapers self-clean on the upper scraper due to hit scraper on the "thread" of the corkscrew with its further scrolling through the rotation mechanism and follows the front set of sprockets guided and pressed by the upper channels, choosing soil residues between the turns (threads) of the working bodies.

Such a work process of PRV-2.0 differs only in the type of the task performed, so, after the working body - screw, the pit recesses remain at a distance specified by the process technology, Figure 31.1, 31.3, 31.4 - drill, screw auger - Fig. 31.5, 31.6 - half-filled holes - holes and cracks. Drill - FIG. 31.7, 31.8 - deepened holes and cracks in the soil.

The operation of the corkscrew is shown in FIG. 31.1, 31.2. The rotation mechanisms on the chains can be installed at virtually any distance from 25 cm in closed chains, achieving the desired result. Such a working body, like a drill and a corkscrew, will never catch on nearby chains, and especially in neighboring ridges, for one simple reason - they all turn right at the moment of immersion in the ground and they all turn left at the top of the self-cleaning , during the period of their release from the soil and the rolling of chains through their blocks of sprockets do not spin at all.

For faster deepening of the working bodies in front of the frame and drawbar, you can install a box with ballast (earth, sand, stones), as well as cast iron counterweights that increase the weight of the frame in its front part, which is important.

List of figures

1. PRV-2.0, side view.

2. PRV-2.0, front view.

3. PRV-2.0, rear view.

4. PRV-2.0, bottom view.

5. PRV-2.0, top view.

6. The rear side of the PRV-2.0.

7.1. Side member of the frame of the PRV-2.0 frame, side view.

7.2. Spar of ridges of the PRV-2.0 frame, bottom view.

7.3. Spar of ridges of the PRV-2.0 frame, top view.

8.1. The back of the frame with the mounting ears of the beds.

8.2. Side section of the back of the frame with mounting ears and a bed.

8.3. The back of the frame, top view.

9. A set of channels (guides and clamping) with a rotation mechanism.

10. The rotation mechanism with fasteners to flexible connections (chains), side view.

10.1. The basis of the body of the rotation mechanism.

10.2 (a). The bearing housing of the rotation mechanism from one side.

10.2. (B). The bearing housing of the rotation mechanism from the other side.

11. The rotation mechanism, top view.

12. The rotation mechanism, bottom view.

13.1. Sprocket with guide cheeks, front view.

13.2. Sprocket with guide cheeks, side view.

14. Asterisks assembly, front view.

15. The bow of agricultural equipment with guides and pressure channels.

16.1. Big asterisk with big and small cheek.

16.2. Big asterisk with big and small cheek, top view.

16.3. Large asterisk with a large and a small cheek, side view.

17. Tensioner front sprockets, side view.

18. The axis of the front sprockets with bearings ridge and the tensioners of the axis of the front sprockets.

19.1. Fragment of the front of the frame with the upper mounting angle of the frame with the ridge, top view.

19.2. The lower mounting ear of the frame with a bed and the upper mounting ear of the frame with a bed, rear view.

19.3. Front cross-section of the front of the frame with fixing ears, lock for attaching the ridge with the frame and the ridge itself, side view.

20. Chain lock connection.

21.1. Cross section of ridges with frame scraper of working bodies.

21.2. Frame scraper of working bodies, top view.

22. Bearing shaft of sprockets and knives, passing through the ridges through, side view.

23.1. Sealing washers.

23.2. Sealing washers, side view.

24.1. Cutting soil knife, side view.

24.2. Cutting soil knife, top view.

25. Working body drill with a knife, front view.

26. The working body of the drill, front view.

27. Working body auger drill, front view.

28. Working body screw, front view.

29. Working body corkscrew, front view.

30.1. Lift and swivel device of a forward basic wheel.

30.2. Front wheel stand, top view.

30.3. Spiral cross braces, side and top view.

31.1. Cross section of the soil after the work of the working body corkscrew.

31.2. Top view after work of the working body corkscrew.

31.3. Cross section of the soil after the work of the working body of the drill.

31.4. Top view after the work of the working body of the drill.

31.5. Cross section of the soil after the work of the working body auger drill.

31.6. Top view after the work of the working body auger drill.

31.7. Cross section of the soil after the work of the working body drill.

31.8. Top view after the work of the working body drill.

Part Number

1. Frame with ridges.

2. Front slewing wheel.

3. Support wheel fork.

4. The axis of the front wheel.

5. The drawbar.

6. Rear pillar support, adjustable.

7. Shoe.

8. The ear was breathing with a finger.

9. Support mounting of the hydraulic cylinder.

10. The asterisk is large.

11. Rear hoisting wheels.

12. Working body corkscrew.

13. Tensioner front sprockets.

14. A support rack of a forward wheel.

15. The crankshaft axle of the rear wheels.

16. Fastening the rear pillar support.

17. The rear sprocket is large (set).

18. Fastening a bolt.

19. Small asterisk.

20. Frame scraper working bodies.

21. The hydraulic cylinder.

22. Hydraulic piping, hydraulic hoses.

23. The ear of the crankshaft.

24. Locking bolts of the rotary device.

25. The axis of the front sprockets.

26. The soil knife.

27. The mechanism of rotation of the working bodies.

28. Fastening the front wheel support.

29. The rear sprocket shaft.

30. The lower shaft of sprockets and knives.

31. Fastening the crankshaft to the frame.

32. Bearing seat.

33. Soil level.

34. Bearings.

35. Front wheel bearing race.

36. Shipping chains.

37. Racks of a directing channel.

38. The shaft nut.

39. Sealing washer.

40. Sprocket bearing.

41. Nut connecting the working body with the rotation mechanism of the working body.

42. The restrictive ring of the deepening of the working body.

43. The shaft of the working body.

44. Knife of the working body.

45. The tip of the working body.

46. Screw strip.

47. Corkscrew.

48. The internal thread of the connection of the working body with the rotation mechanism of the working body.

49. Drill.

50. Cheek of fastening of a scraper of a working body.

51. Set of stars.

52. Guide cheek sprocket.

53. Hole for bearings.

54. The connecting holes of the guide cheeks with an asterisk.

55. Chain grooves.

56. Connecting bolts of cheeks with asterisks.

57. The tip of the scraper of the working bodies.

58. Running cleaner working bodies.

59. A rack of a support of running cleaner.

60. A rack of a fork of a forward wheel.

61. Bearing seat.

62. The locking groove of the front wheel fork.

63. Wheels of the mechanism of rotation of the working body.

64. Pinch roller rotation mechanism of the working body.

65. The cable.

66. The head of the cable.

67. Socket of a cable, flexible connection.

68. Lock bolts.

69. The bearing of the mechanism of rotation of the working body in the housing.

70. The basis of the housing mechanism of rotation of the working body.

71. Transport chain connector with rotation mechanism.

72. The connecting finger of the rotation mechanism and the transport chain.

73. The connecting thread of the rotation mechanism with the working body.

74. Auxiliary chain of vertical lifting of working bodies.

75. The sleeve of the finger.

76. Ridge cross fastenings.

77. Connecting holes of transverse mounting.

78. A frame of frames.

79. Kapron sleeve of the rotation mechanism.

80. Ball type-setting bearing.

81. A collar of the built-in bearing.

82. The connecting bracket of the frame with the bed.

83. The lower mounting ear of the frame with a ridge.

84. Upper mounting ear of the frame with a ridge.

85. Mounting hole.

86. The rear mounting ear of the frame with a ridge.

87. Clamping bolt of type-setting bearing.

88. Threaded connection of the transport chain.

89. Holes for the tensioner front sprockets.

90. Rubber tracks of wheels of the mechanism of rotation of the working bodies on the guide channel.

91. Rubber track pinch rollers of the mechanisms of rotation of the working bodies.

92. A bolt of fastening of a rubber path.

93. The directing channel of a path of mechanisms of rotation of working bodies.

94. Pressure channel of the pressure roller of the mechanism of rotation of the working bodies.

95. The restrictive sides of the channel of the wheels of the mechanisms of rotation of the working bodies. Clamping.

96. Racks of fastening of a channel to a ridge.

97. Finger socket in the bearing housing.

98. A level of a clamping channel.

99. Finger.

100. Socket of a small ball with a ball.

The order of the invention

Described in a single version, i.e. tractor plus agricultural machine. When the unit is linearly translationally moving forward, the working bodies of FIG. 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 when lowering the front slewing wheel 2 with the hydraulic cylinder 21 and installing the rear support legs 6 of the gun to a predetermined depth by matching the holes in the fastening of the rear legs 16 and the posts themselves 6, fixed with a finger 99, the rear lifting transport wheels 11 through the action of the hydraulic cylinder 21 on the ear of the crankshaft axis 23, the crankshaft axis 15 is scrolled in its mountings in the frame 1, lowering the agricultural equipment to the shoes 7, which are skis, a working contact of the implement with the soil 33 is created.

As an example, we equip agricultural equipment with corkscrews 47 as replaceable working bodies and consider their intended work based on the work of one pair of ridges 78 in frame 1.

In contact with the surface of the soil 33 corkscrew 47, connected by a threaded connection of the mechanism of rotation of the working bodies 73 with the mechanism itself, FIG. 10, and the nuts of the connection of the working body 41 forcefully rotate the rotation mechanisms of the working bodies.

The mechanisms of rotation of the working bodies, FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, are tightly connected to the endless transport chains by the external 36 and auxiliary chains of vertical lifting of the working bodies 74, on the other hand, with the inner endless chain 36, through the head of the cable 66 and with the cable 65 itself, which goes inside the case of the rotation mechanism 70 through the nylon sleeve 79, the cable 65 protects against wear during rotation of the housing 70. It follows from this that when contacting the soil with at least one working member 47, all mechanisms connected to the chains are set in motion.

The rotation mechanisms of the working bodies of FIG. 9 are tightly sandwiched between the guide channel 93, equipped with strips of rubber tracks 90, and the pressure channel 94, in contact with the mechanisms of rotation of the working bodies through the bar 98 and the rubber track 91 sitting on it for the pressure rollers 64. The rubber tracks 91 and 90 are attached to the channels 93 and 94 by means of bolts 92. The channels 93, 94 are equipped with restrictive sides 95, which direct the rotation mechanisms of the working bodies and the working bodies themselves in the required direction, excluding their deviation in one direction or another.

When the unit moves forward, corkscrews 47, caught on the soil 33 with their sharp ends, transfer forces to their rotation mechanisms, which, due to their position clamped in the channels 93, 94, begin to move along them with wheels 63, as a result of which the rotation mechanisms connected to the working bodies 47, begin to force them into the ground 33.

The length of the pressure and guide channels 93, 94 depends on the diameter of the wheels 63 of the rotation mechanisms and is calculated by the formula

π × D = Lok,

π is 3.14;

D is the radius of the wheel, m;

Lok - circumference, m.

Suppose that the diameter of the wheel of the rotation mechanism is 15 cm, then by calculation we find out the circumference of the wheel, which is 47.1 cm.

For the complete deepening of the working bodies with a certain weight of the agricultural machine, let’s say, 4 turns of the working body, then 47.1 cm × 4 rev = 1,884 meters of channels, both guide and press, are necessary, which is quite acceptable in the size of the proposed agricultural equipment. The length of the frame, including the length of the working bodies at its extreme points - front and rear sprockets, will not exceed 4.5 meters. And since it is planned to have eight twin ridges 78 placed inside the frame, the capture work and the width of the proposed agricultural machine will be 2.0 meters, provided that one pair of 78 ridges complete with soil knives 26 will occupy a width of 0.25 m plus the width of the beam itself frames - 0.15 cm, and there are two of them, total 2.3 m.

The mechanism of rotation of the working bodies is equipped with a built-in bearing 81, 80, the seats of which are located on the upper wheel 63. The wheels 63 are removable, that is, they are easily dismantled by unscrewing the locking bolts 68, relieving close dependence on the base of the housing of the mechanism of rotation of the working bodies 70.

The operation of the stacked bearing 80, 81 consists in sliding along the sides of the channels 93, 94 and reducing the friction force on the upper wheel of the rotation mechanism 63 and the sides of the channels 95.

On the channels 93, 94, the sides of the channels to the edges go to reduce the width from the inside, as if from the sharpening one side, which gives the balls 80 of the bearing during their work roughly not to collide with the sides of 95 channels 93, 94.

After passing the stage of forced twisting into the soil, the corkscrew 47 freely passes the lower set of sprockets and knives sitting on the lower shaft 30, and, fixed by the internal and two external chains 36, indicating its further progress upward, to the rear set of sprockets sitting on the shaft of sprockets 29, tends to rise upwards with soil captured as a result of swirling. Endless transport chains 36 with the working mechanisms of rotation of the working bodies and the bodies themselves, under the weight and tearing off the tapes along the cut soil, the soil knives 26 bend in tension between the sets of sprockets of the front 10, lower, sitting on the shaft 30 and rear, sitting on the shaft 29. Corkscrew 47 due to the movement of the chains 36 upward with the soil captured and cut off in a tape-tearing manner moves the soil tape above the ground to the frame scraper 20 of the working bodies. At the moment of lifting and transporting the soil, the soil breaks into pieces, breaks and falls back into the recess formed by the raised tape. From hitting the ground, the soil crumbles into smaller pieces and lumps. The soil that has not fallen from the corkscrew 47 strikes against the frame scrapers of the soil 20, crumbling downward as the corkscrew 47 passes, additionally fixed by the auxiliary chain 74 through the rear set of sprockets, and is subject to additional cleaning of the working bodies, i.e. on running cleaners of working bodies 58, which are fastened by racks of support for running cleaners 59 to ridges 78.

At the moment of lifting of the working body 47, the cable 65 bends and partially exits from the base of the housing of the rotation mechanism 70 in close contact with the nylon sleeve 79, preventing its premature wear.

The angle between the perpendicularly twisted working body 47 with the mechanism of rotation of the working body and the head of the cable 66 relative to the lifting of the inner chain 36 is more removed due to the auxiliary chain of lifting the working bodies 74, connected by one side to the inner chain 36, the other - with the connecting finger 72 of the rotation mechanism and transport chains 36 external circulation. As can be seen in figure 1, the running scraper 58 are in relation to each other one with the tip 57 of the cleaner of the working bodies a little forward and the so-called “thread” of the working body below and along the working bodies to the front of the frame 1, gradually rising above the horizontal frame level. Such their location is determined by the concept of self-cleaning of working bodies. Another important role is played at the moment of separation of the soil and the ski racks of the rear supports 6, raising and lowering the frame of the agricultural machine, creating a vibration effect, which facilitates the tearing moment.

So, after the frame cleaning of the working bodies, the soil in the corkscrew 47, located inside the "thread", does not fall out of it. For this, running cleaning of working bodies is established.

The rotation mechanism with the working body, passing the rear set of sprockets, immediately falls between the upper guide channel 93 and the pressure channel 94, the edges of which are slightly apart on the sides, which ensures 100% of the rotation mechanism falling on their tracks 90, 91. Also between their lateral limit sides 95. Once on its tracks, the rotation mechanism, sitting on three chains, continuing to move, begins to spin again.

The tip of the scraper of the working bodies 57, sitting on the first slightly protruding running scraper, meets with a corkscrew turn (thread), striking against it due to its axis and round shape, slides between the turns of the corkscrew, and after it the entire undercarriage 58.

When the first scraper falls between the turns, the second one automatically falls. Spinning between the channels 93, 94, the rotation mechanism of the working bodies rotates the working bodies 47 themselves, moving them to the front set of sprockets. In the process of moving and spinning, running cleaners 58 cut the remaining soil from the working bodies, which falls down through the slots of the guns to the ground.

When the unit stops in front of the headlands of the fold or in other cases, the tractor driver, using the hydraulic cylinder 24, acts on the forks of the front wheel, after which the wheel sitting on it, resting against the ground, raises the nose of the tillage implement. Then the tractor driver with the help of another hydraulic cylinder 24, one end attached to the support mount 9, and then, in turn, to the frame 1, on the other hand to the ear of the crankshaft 23, figure 3, which is rigidly connected to the crankshaft of the rear wheels 15 and lifting and transporting wheels 11 by way of the rod from the cylinder 24, pressing on the ear, scrolls the crankshaft 15, and those on the wheels 11, the rear of the agricultural equipment is lifted. Then you can again start moving to a new position.

On the move, when the unit is moving, it should not be lifted, which will inevitably lead to breakage of the working bodies.

The rotation mechanisms on the chains can be installed at almost any distance along closed endless chains, achieving the desired result in different types of work. Such a working body as a corkscrew, and the rest will never catch on with each other, and even more so with neighboring bodies of other neighboring ridges, for one reason: all of them spin right to the moment of immersion in the soil and all of them spin left to the upper course of self-cleaning. They all move in the same direction. During the period of liberation of the working bodies from the soil and circulation along the chains, the sprockets do not spin at all.

Before starting PRV-2.0, it is necessary to immediately smell or rootlessly treat the headland strips to easily deepen the working bodies of the PRV-2.0 and to prevent the working bodies of the PRV-2.0 from getting into the holes that it has already formed to prevent possible breakdowns.

Let us consider in more detail the mechanism of rotation of the working bodies. So, in figure 10 you can see its side view, sitting on three transport chains. Above, through a bolted connection with the head of the cable 66, the cable 65 included in it with rigid fixation by bolts 68 on the one hand, on the other, the cable 65 through the nylon sleeve 79 enters the body of the mechanism of rotation of the working bodies 70.

The housing of the rotation mechanism 70 on one side is drilled more than 2/3 of its part for the rotational-vertical movement of the mechanism with respect to the cable 65, which can be bent both by itself and on the bolt fastening of the cable head.

The lower part of the rotation housing 70 begins with a threaded connection 73, then a small part of the hexagon for fixed support with a wrench of the base of the housing 70 with the necessary working body screwed on. Then, a rotation mechanism bearing with a housing 69 is put on the base of the housing 70, and its inner side of the bearing sits tightly on the round pillar of the base of the housing 70. The bearing housing sits tightly on the outer side (cage) of it, without touching the inner side of the bearing located in it. The bearing housing has “grooves”, FIG. 10.2.a, b, in which the connecting fingers 72 of the rotation mechanism and the transport chain fit tightly on both sides.

The fingers 72 fit snugly in the connector of the transport chain 71, connecting through bolted connections to the chain 36.

The finger 72 in its middle part has a bracket fixed rigidly by electric welding to connect the auxiliary circuit to the internal endless transport chain 36, figure 12.

Next, the lower wheel of the rotation mechanism 63 is put on the base of the housing 70, then the sealing intermediate washer 39.

Next comes the pressure roller of the working body rotation mechanism 64, made in the form of a closed-type roller or ball bearing, then again an intermediate washer 39, then the upper wheel of the rotation mechanism 63 with a built-in bearing with sockets 80, 81, 100 and fixed clamp bolts 87 , attracting the cage of the bearing 81 to the upper part of the wheel 63. The upper wheel also through the bolted connection 68 is rigidly fixed to the base of the housing of the rotation mechanism 70.

Now consider figure 13, 14, namely the sprocket with guide cheeks, sprocket assembly and figure 16 with a large sprocket.

Figure 13.1 shows a small sprocket with two guide cheeks for chains. It consists of the sprocket itself, located in the middle of 51, and two guide cheeks, the right and left 52. Figure 13.2 shows a side view of one right cheek 52 and the sprocket 51 itself. In the middle of the sprocket 51 and the right and left cheeks there are holes for bearings 53. The bearings 49 themselves, which, in turn, are worn on the axis 25, figure 18. Has through-hole connections 54, so, by dialing them on the axis of the front sprockets 25 and fastening four bolts 56 passing through the cheeks 52, sprockets 51 of small diameter, and around the edges the same set of larger d ametra, figure 14, 16, we get a set of two large and one small stars with cheeks.

The figure 17 shows the tensioner of the front sprockets 13, which with its middle part is worn on the axis of the front sprockets 25, and on the other hand, passing through the holes in the frame 1, is twisted with at least four nuts, two for each thread. By tightening the nuts with the wrench, the axis 25, and with it the set of sprockets sitting on it, will move forward towards the nose of the frame 1, which makes it possible to tension the three endless transport chains 36 involved in the process. The rear sprocket shaft 29 and the lower shaft stars and knives 30 sit motionless in their nests of ridges 78 and frame 1.

After tensioning the chains 36 by the tensioners 13, the axis 25 is rigidly fixed with clamping nuts on both sides, pressing the tensioners of the front sprockets 13 to the edges of the ridges 78, which ensures reliable retention of the chain tension. After some lapping of parts and chain links during the operation of agricultural equipment, the procedure for tensioning them should be repeated.

With severe wear of the chains 36 they are shortened by inserting a chain lock connection, figure 20, with a threaded connection 88 for connection.

The lower shaft of sprockets and knives 30 passes through from one end of the frame 1 through all ridges 78 to the other end of the frame 1, figure 22, 23, and is tightly attracted by the nut 38. Soil knife 26 is put on the shaft 30 immediately after the bearing in the frame 1, on its bearing , then the bearing in the bed 78 of the bearing 32 sitting in the seat, followed by a set of sprockets with cheeks, figure 14, with its bearings 40, then, if necessary, between the rows 78 and a set of sprockets with cheeks - sealing washers 39, figure 23.1,2, then the second bed 78 with its bearing passing on wa gryadil and size, then - sealing washer 39, bearing covering soil knife with a knife from dirt, then again the washer 39. The second pair gryadiley has the same set, and so on. It is tightened by a nut 38 at the other end of the frame 1. The sprockets in the set and soil knives freely scroll from each other on the shaft 30, which is important for smooth turns of the unit.

The rear sprocket shaft 29 is assembled in the same way, only without soil knives 28 between the narrow distances of the ridges 78.

It should be noted that the guide channels 93 are firmly fixed by electric welding to the lower and upper parts of the ridge 78, and the pressure channel 94 has an adjustment on the bolts to change the distance for pressing the roller 64, having for this purpose rigidly welded bolts to the bed 78 and the racks of channels, figure 15, a rack of a directing channel 37, a rack clamping 96.

To enter the soil, the working bodies 47 and others have a right-hand thread, as well as a mechanism for rotating the working bodies, its threaded connection 73, and rotate to the right. Upstairs, walking along the front sprocket 10, the rotation mechanisms rotate to the left side, and along with them the working bodies, which greatly facilitates their self-cleaning from soil residues.

The frame 1 is welded, as shown in figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, inside itself on the appropriate fasteners places sixteen ridges 78, well shown in figure 7, fastenings to the ends of the frame in figures 8.1, 8.2, 8.3. and FIG. 19.1, 19.2, 19.3. FIG. 19.1 shows a top view of the mount on the frame 1, the upper mounting ear of the frame 1 for the ridge 78. FIG. 19.2 shows a rear view of the attachment of the ridges 78 to the front of the frame 1. FIG. 19.3 shows the direct attachment of the ridge 78 to the frame 1 through the upper 84 and lower 83 ears of the frame, through bolt connections, as well as the configuration connecting bracket 82 for securely attaching the ridge 78 to the frame 1. Figure 8.1 shows the rear mounting ears 86 of the frame 1 with holes 85 for bolted connections. FIG. 8.2.3 shows the fastening of the bed 78 to the rear of the frame 1 with holes 85 for bolted connections. FIG. 8.2.3 shows the fastening of the ridge 78 to the rear of the frame 1 side and top.

Rails 78 have holes for bearings 32 through which shafts pass — the rear sprocket shaft 29 and the lower sprocket shaft and knives 30 — to the upper and lower parts of the row 78, the racks of the guide channel 37 and the racks of the pressure channel 96 are rigidly fixed. FIG. fifteen.

Also, when equipping the agricultural machine with working bodies - corkscrews to the top of the ridge they are attached and rigidly fixed using racks 59 running cleaners 58.

Chains 36 must be strong and durable to prevent breakages. According to the step of the chains, select the set of stars corresponding to this step, respectively. The front, rear and lower sprockets must be the same size.

The figure 30.3 shows the transverse fastening of the ridges 76 large (a) and small shape (b). They are intended for the monolithic connection of the ridges 76 with the frame 1 and for inter-row joining, respectively, in size and in corresponding places, FIG. 4, 5.

Regarding the inventive method of tillage of the belt-tearing soil, I can add the following, the theoretical and practical justification of the advantages of an arable method of primary tillage are the works of D.I. Mendeleev "On the role of organic mulch, on the natural structure of soil channels and the optionality of plowing" (1878), I.E. Ovsinsky's “The New System of Agriculture” (1898), E. Faulkner's “The Madness of the Plowman” (1943) and, of course, the work of T.S. Maltsev and A.N. Kashtanova “Absolute loosening of the soil”, which prompted me to the invention, which I called PRV-2.0, and with it to a new hitherto unseen method of primary tillage, described above in the “Introduction” and “The essence of the invention” section.

The claimed method of tillage has significant differences and novelty, significant fuel savings in energy-intensive processing, increased productivity of agricultural equipment and labor, provides moisture accumulation both in the arable soil layer and in fields occupied by perennial grasses. Significantly expands the capabilities of the Zero Soil Processing technology with the accumulation of moisture and improved air regime in it, and increases the yield of crops.

As for the traces left by the skis 7, sitting on the racks 6, they will be furrows for the accumulation of snow and moisture during arable farming, perpendicular to the slope of the fields.

Claims (11)

1. A method of cultivating the soil, characterized in that the belt-tearing tillage of the arable layer up to 30 cm is carried out with a random closure of the crop residues and the stubble itself, by linearly translationally mounted rotating bodies mounted on an endless chain in the form of a drill, drill, screw, corkscrew or their various combinations. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that before loosening the arable layer carry out cutting of cracks in the soil. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that to prepare the soil for the autumn-winter period, additionally disking the arable layer. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the edge strips, places of turns or wedge-shaped sections of the untreated soil are treated with plowing, flat-cutting and deep cultivation. 5. A tillage implement, characterized in that it contains a trailed frame on which at least three endless chains rotate in the direction of the frame movement, two of which are external and one internal, with rotation mechanisms attached to the chains with fixed working bodies, the last of which are made in the form of a drill, drill, screw, corkscrew or their various combinations for the implementation of tape-tearing loosening of the arable layer. 6. The tool according to claim 5, characterized in that an auxiliary lifting chain is attached to the mechanism of rotation of the working bodies from one end, which is attached to the inner endless chain from the other end. 7. The tool according to claim 5, characterized in that the frame contains at least one front slewing wheel and at least one rear hoisting and transport wheel controlled by a hydraulic cylinder, and a rear adjustable support stand, resting through the shoe on the soil layer. 8. The tool according to claim 5, characterized in that in the upper and lower parts of the frame there are guide and pressure channels, which compress the rotation mechanism on both sides and thereby ensure its rotation upon contact of the working bodies with the soil layer and their self-cleaning. 9. The tool under item 5, characterized in that the frame is located cleaners of the working body. 10. The tool according to claim 5, characterized in that the frame contains at least one soil knife mounted in the zone of belt-tearing loosening of the arable layer. 11. The gun according to any one of paragraphs. 5-10, characterized in that the rotation mechanism of the working bodies consists of a housing on which at least two rotation wheels are fastened with joints, for example bolted, the upper wheel being provided with a cage with a bearing, the rotation mechanism comprising at least three mountings for two external and one internal endless circuits, and between the two external circuits, a bearing is provided on the basis of the housing of the rotation mechanism, which ensures free rotation.

Images