RU2306689C1 - Apparatus for making of artificial catchment basins - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: artificial catchment basins making technique.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has rotating vertical tine with knives, tip located at its lower part and carrier with stop which is adapted to be in contact with hole surface. There are coils of rotating auger between tip and knives on tine. Each of said knives is equipped with transporting and cutting members, said members being formed as unitary part. Transporting members are fixed perpendicular to diametrically oriented carriers. Cutting members joined with transporting members are arranged at an angle to carriers. Lower edges of transporting and cutting members are equipped with blades. Working edges of blades are oriented along generatrix of conical surface. Each of said stops is formed as ski and is mounted at carrier end so as to be repositioned in vertical plane along tine. Knives are detachably fixed on vertical tine. Landward edge positioned at end of transporting member distant from axis of rotating vertical tine is inclined relative to axis of symmetry of tine. Inclination angle of landward edge is equal to or smaller than angle of repose of top layer soil.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and reduced consumption of power.

4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to technical means for making artificial catchments in the formation of forest pastures in arid territories.

Known working body of the digger, consisting of a cylindrical casing, rod, tip, radial and side knives, in which, in order to improve the quality of preparation of seats due to the reverse operation of the working body of the digger is equipped with axes pivotally mounted on the rod and the casing, which are rigidly fixed pairwise radial and side knives with symmetrically located cutting edges; on the casing there are adjustable rotation limiters made in the form of stops; radial knives are made of trapezoidal shape (SU, copyright certificate No. 7848222, M. class. АСС 5/04, 12/07/1980).

The disadvantages of the described working body of the digger as applied to the problem we are solving include the small volume of the trunk circle for the catchment, as well as the likelihood of jamming of the radial knives in the cylindrical casing.

A device for drilling landing pits is known, comprising a screw auger with a drive mounted in a casing with windows, in the area of which there are soil ejectors, in which, to avoid random spreading of soil around the hole, each soil ejector is made in the form of a gear wheel, the axis of which is mounted on the casing moreover, the teeth of the gears are located in the windows with the possibility of interaction with the turns of the screw (SU, copyright certificate No. 1005686, M. class. A01C 5 / 04,23.03.1983).

The disadvantages of this device for drilling landing pits include the low operational reliability of the auger drill and gears for removing soil. The described device is not capable of forming an annular hole around the landing fossa.

Also known is a working body for digging landing pits, including a driving stand, a cutting element fixed in its lower part, a transporting element mounted on a rack above the cutting elements, and a centering tip, in which, in order to reduce energy consumption for excavation by transporting soil without interacting with the walls the face of the cutting element is installed to a horizontal plane at an angle of 40-45 °, the working surface of the conveying element is at an angle of 35-40 °, and the distance along the rack between the cutting and the conveyor elements is determined from the expression

L = (0.3-0.5) H,

where L is the distance between the cutting elements;

N is the working length of the rack.

The transporting and cutting elements are made in the form of disks mounted on brackets with a free axis of rotation; in order to expand technological capabilities by digging holes of various diameters with one working body, radial grooves are made in the brackets of the cutting and transporting elements, in which the axis of the disks with the possibility of fixed movement are placed; on the brackets of the cutting element under the disks closer to the rack mounted plowshares (SU, copyright certificate No. 1632384, M. class. АСС 5/04, 03/07/1991).

The disadvantages of the described working body for digging landing pits include high energy costs for a two-phase process. High cutting speeds do not allow the formation of a barrel roll of sufficient height.

A known machine for preparing landing sites, including a soil-cutting knife with a screw drill mounted behind it, mounted on a frame, in which, in order to improve the quality of preparation of landing sites of a given profile, the machine frame is mounted on supporting wheels, the rim of which has a curvature described by different radii from the center coinciding with the axis of rotation of the wheel (SU, copyright certificate No. 414959. M. class. АСС 5/04, АВВ 13/16, Е02F 5/02, 11/15/1974).

The disadvantage of the described machine in relation to the problem we are solving is the cutting of the upper root-saturated layer, leading to deflation of the soil and destruction of fodder plants. Completed pits for planting seedlings are not able to accumulate natural rainfall.

Also known is the working body for the preparation of landing sites, made in the form of a screw drill, having a horizontally located knife, in which, in order to improve the quality of preparation of landing sites by laying a humus layer of soil on the bottom of the landing pits, the knife is equipped with a blade and connected to the drill shaft by means of interconnected bracket and overrunning clutch mounted on the shaft of the drill, and the knife is pivotally mounted on the bracket, which is equipped with a stop in contact with the blade of the knife (SU, copyright certificate No. 755233. M. class A0 1C 5/04, 08/15/1980).

The disadvantage of the above working body, adopted as a prototype, is that the dump produces only filling the landing pit, but does not form a hole around it for the catchment.

A tool for forming holes is known, including a rotating vertical stand with knives and a leash with a roller contacting with the surface of the soil roller formed around the hole, in which, in order to improve contact of the roller with the surface of the soil roller, regardless of the depth of penetration of the rack with knives, the roller lead is hinged to the rack with the possibility of movement in a vertical plane passing through the axis of the rack, and the roller is pivotally attached to the leash on an axis parallel to the axis of attachment of the leash; the roller surface is made as a hyperboloid of rotation; the leash is spring-loaded relative to the rack (SU, copyright certificate No. 407541. M. class. АСС 5/04, АВВ 49/02, 12/10/1973).

We adopted this weapon as the closest analogue.

The disadvantages of the described tool, despite the possibility of forming around the landing pit of the soil roller, are the small catchment area of the completed hole, the roller itself has a large degree of unevenness in height. The geometry and shape of the diametrically spaced knives lead to high energy consumption and jamming in the soil in the bottom of the landing fossa.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the invention is directed is the collection and concentration of natural rainfall in the area of the seedlings seat during the formation of shrubs of rare-standing tree and shrub plantings to change the microclimate of the territory.

EFFECT: high labor productivity and low cost of crafts of artificial catchments during the formation of forest pastures in subarid and arid regions.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known tools for making artificial catchments, containing a rotating vertical rack with knives, a tip in the lower part and a leash with a stop in contact with the surface of the hole, according to the invention, turns of auger drill are placed between the tip and knives on the rack, each said knife is equipped with transporting and cutting elements made as a single part, while the transporting elements are fixed perpendicularly to diametrically oriented odkam and conjugated with them the cutting elements - at an angle to the guide, the lower edges of the conveying and cutting elements have a blade whose working edges are oriented along the generatrix of the conical surface of artificial the catchment wells; each emphasis is made in the form of a ski, mounted on the end of the leash with the possibility of reinstalling the height of the vertical rack; knives on a vertical rack are fixed with a possibility of dismantle; the field edge at the end of the conveying element remote from the axis of the rotating vertical column is inclined to the axis of the column, and the angle of inclination of the field edge is made equal to or less than the angle of repose of the soil from the upper horizon layer.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the diametrical section of the hole artificially created catchment.

Figure 2 schematically shows a tool for crafts of artificial watersheds, right view.

Figure 3 is the same, plan view.

Figure 4 shows the current model of tools for crafts of artificial watersheds (photo).

Figure 5 is the same when performing the process (photo).

Figure 6 presents the hole of the artificial catchment formed by the model of the tool (photo).

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The artificial catchment tool (see FIGS. 2 and 3) contains a frame 1 with hinge brackets 2, 3 and 4, a worm-cylindrical gearbox 5, a telescopic driveshaft 6 with Hooke joints 7 and 8 at the ends and a rotating vertical strut 9 s knives 10 and 11, a tip 12 in the lower part of the rack 10. On the rack 9 there are diametrically oriented leads 13 and 14 with stops 15. The stops 15 are in contact with the conical surface 16 (Fig. 1) of the artificial catchment hole. Between the tips 12 and the knives 10 and 11 on the rack 9 are placed turns of auger drill 17.

Each mentioned knife 10 (11) is equipped with a conveying element 18 and a cutting element 19 made as a single part. The conveying elements 18 are fixed perpendicularly to the diametrically oriented leads 13, 14. The cutting elements 19 associated with them are mounted at an angle to the leads 13 and 14. The lower edges of the conveyors elements 18 and cutting edges 19 have blades 20 and 21. The working edges 22 and 23 of the blades 20 and 21 are oriented along the generatrix 24 of the conical surface 16 (see Fig. 1) of the artificial catchment hole. Knives 10 and 11 on a vertical rack 9 are fixed with the possibility of dismantling. The vertical rack 9 in the worm-cylindrical gearbox 5 is fixed with shaped nuts on the threaded part 25. The torque from the worm wheel of the gearbox 5 is transmitted to the slots 26 in the upper part of the rack 9 (see figure 2). The field edge 27 at the remote end of the element 19 from the axis of the rotating vertical column 9 is inclined to the axis of symmetry of the column 9. The angle of inclination φ (see FIG. 1 of the field edge 27 is made equal to or less than the angle of repose of the soil from the upper horizon layer 28 (FIG. .1). Each stop 15 is made in the form of a ski and mounted on the end of the leash 13 (14) with the possibility of reinstalling the height of the vertical rack 9.

The tool for making artificial watersheds works as follows.

Before starting work, the implement’s frame 1 is connected to the brackets 2, 3 and 4 by means of fingers and rods 29, 30, 31 of the tractor’s hydraulic system 32 and the Hook joint shaft 6 is connected to the tractor’s power take-off shaft (PTO) by the tractor 32. Traction system rods 29-31 tractor 32 frame 1 is raised to the transport position. The stops 15 at the diametrically opposite ends of the leads 13 and 14 are set in height at which the optimum depth of penetration of the blades 20 and 21 of the cutting elements is provided depending on the type and condition of the soil. Next, check the technical condition of the tip 12, the turns of the screw of the drill 17, the working edges 22 and 23 of the blades 20 and 21 of the transporting 18 and cutting 19 elements. Turn on the PTO of the aggregated tractor 32 and at low frequencies (revolutions) of rotation check the operation of the drive units of the vertical rack 9.

When leaving for pasture designated for reconstruction by savannah tree stands, the centers of holes of artificial catchments are marked on the field according to the accepted planting pattern. The machine operator sets the implement so that the tip 12 of the drill 17 is located above the center of the hole, and puts the tractor’s hydraulic system in the lowering position. The tip under the weight of the gun is embedded in the upper horizon 28 of the soil. Next, the tractor PTO 32 is turned on. When the vertical strut 9 is rotated, the tip 12 cuts into the soil of the upper layer, and the turns of the screw drill 17 make a seat 33 in the form of a hollow cylinder with a diameter of d ₁ and a depth of h ₂ from the surface of the pasture. When the Yamobur 17 is deepened to a depth (h ₂ -h ₁ ), the transporting elements 18 on the leads 13 and 14 come into operation. By the working edges 22 of the blades 20, the excavated soil by auger drill 17 from the seat 33 is shifted to the periphery. At the same time, the working edges 22 of the blades 20 develop a soil layer of the upper horizon 28 and also displace the soil aggregates to the periphery. After deepening the tip 12 and the pit 17, the working edges 23 of the blades 21 and the cutting elements 19 of the knives 10 and 11 begin to act. They form the conical part 34 of the hole for artificial catchment. Soil and soil from the surfaces of the cutting elements of 19 knives 10 and 11 descend to the surface of the pasture. An annular shaft 35 is formed by the field edges 27 of the cutting elements 19 around the seat 33, increasing the total depth of the hole to h ₃ . The diameter d _{2 of the} conical part on the surface of the hole is the prevailing parameter in the collection of natural precipitation. In the autumn-winter period, in the conditions of the arid zone, the greatest amount of precipitation occurs in the form of rain, hoarfrost, snow, ice. Liquid precipitation flows into the cylindrical seat 33 and accumulates in it. As the upper horizon thaws, moisture is redistributed to the lower horizons. In early spring, tree plantings are planted either with seedlings with or without a lump of land. During the growing season of plants, the surface of the 16 hole is filled with leaves carried by the wind, the remains of grassy vegetation. This is achieved by mulching the surface of the well. Falling rainfall summer precipitation accumulates in the hole, and mortmass reduces the intensity of desiccation of the upper layer. Thanks to the artificially created microclimate, seedlings take root and start growing. The annular shaft inhibits the germination of weeds on the conical surface of 16 holes.

Let us determine the volume of a hole in an artificially created catchment for planting a tree stand.

When the diameter of the drill d ₁ = 0.3 m and the depth of the seat 33 h ₁ = 0.3 m, the volume of excavated soil, given the density of its addition γ = 1.3 t / m ³ , will be:

and the volume of the seat 33 is equal to V ₁ '= 21 liters.

The volume of the conical part of 34 wells of artificial catchment at d ₂ = 2.5 m, d ₁ = 0.3 m and h ₂ -h ₁ = 0.6-0.3 = 0.3 m, we have:

or 556.5 liters

The volume of loose soil will be V ₂ '= 1.3-0.5565 = 0.7235 m ³ .

To simplify the calculations, taking the angle of repose (φ = 45 °, d ₂ = 2.5 m, based on the equality of the volume of excavated soil from the seat 33 and the conical part 34 of the hole to the volume of the annular shaft 35, we obtain that its height is 0.21 m , and the amount of space inside the annular shaft will be equal to:

Total artificial catchment:

V _B = V ₁ '+ V ₂ + V ₃ = 0.0021 + 0.5565 = 1.119 = 1.6776 m ³ .

The catchment area is F _B = πd _{March ^3/4} = 5.765 m ^2, bed height accommodates precipitation is 290 mm. For the arid zone, this corresponds to the annual precipitation. Thus, the claimed tool for making artificial watersheds is able to accumulate all precipitated natural rainfall without their runoff and thereby create optimal conditions for the growth of tree stands.

Claims (4)

1. The tool for making artificial catchments, containing a rotating vertical rack with knives, a tip in the lower part and a leash with a stop in contact with the surface of the hole, characterized in that between the tip and the knives on the rack are placed turns of auger drill, and each said knife is equipped with the transporting and cutting elements as a single component, while the transporting elements are fixed perpendicularly to diametrically oriented leads, and the cutting elements associated with them are angled to the lead m, and the lower edges of the conveying and cutting elements have blades, the working edges of which are oriented along the generatrix of the conical surface. 2. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that each emphasis is made in the form of a ski and mounted on the end of the leash with the possibility of reinstalling the height of the vertical rack. 3. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the knives on a vertical rack are fixed with the possibility of dismantling. 4. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that at the end of the transporting element remote from the axis of the rotating vertical strut, a field crop is made with an inclination to the axis of symmetry of the rack, and the angle of the field crop is made equal to or less than the angle of repose of the soil from the upper horizon layer.

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