RU2548198C1 - Pickup elevator of fruits of melons - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: pickup elevator comprises a frame, a rolling-in device, a closed loop. In front of the tractor a swath maker of active type is mounted, made in the form of belt loops with fruit-shifting ribs. In the lower part of the swath maker the vine-tearing corners are provided. The belt loops are mounted at an angle of 45-65° to the direction of movement. The swath maker is mounted on the gauge-wheels and fixed with adjustable leashes on the carrying beam. At the bottom of the tractor in front of the wheels the plates are mounted, eliminating damage of fruit on the wheels. Behind the tractor a trailer pickup elevator is mounted, on the frame of which two closed conveyor belts in the form of loops are mounted, on the inner surface of which the fruit-gripping blades are fixed, made spoon-shaped and fixed to the conveyor belt at an angle of 65-75°. The conveyor belt is formed as a chevron tape with grousers. The frame of the pickup elevator is mounted on support wheels adjustable in height. In the central part between the closed conveyor belts the fruit rolling-in device is mounted, made in the form of belt loops with fruit-shifting ribs. The rolling-in device is mounted on the gauge-wheel and is hingedly mounted on the frame of the pickup elevator. In the upper part of the loops there are fruit-gripping and loading trays. At the end of the loading trays there are stackers of fruits under which the containers for fruits are mounted.EFFECT: simplifying the design, reduction of cost of labour in implement coupling and reduction of damages to fruits during picking-up.3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines designed for harvesting gourds.

Known fruit picker for melons, containing an endless conveyor with fingers mounted on it, in which, in order to reduce damage when selecting fruits of various sizes and shapes, the fingers are spring-loaded and pivotally mounted on the conveyor with a step close to the size of the smallest fruits; articulated spring fingers in the working area are covered with elastic material and have a pear-shaped thickening at the end (SU copyright certificate No. 397154, MKL A01D 45/00, A01D 51/00).

The disadvantages of the described picker include low technical reliability, low productivity, large fruit losses.

Known fruit picker for melons, containing a support frame, a lift made in the form of a series of guides, and a feeding device with leashes, in which, in order to increase the completeness of selection and reduce damage to the fruit, the feeding device consists of separate endlessly flexible hinged relative to the frame and guides elements on which leashes are fixed with an arrangement between guides and inclined in the direction of movement of flexible elements (SU copyright certificate No. 886803, MKL ³ A01D 45/00).

The disadvantages of this picker include the complexity of the design, the low reliability of the selection of fruits, their mechanical damage at the time of capture and transportation, as well as the inability to select only standard fruits.

Known picker of gourds, containing a frame, a drum with meshes, a roll-in and a receiving tray, the drum is made in the form of a closed chain contour, the lifting branch of which is inclined in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the picker, and is equipped with a conveyor belt and elastic blades forming the mesh while the conveyor belt covers the chain contour from the outside, and the elastic blades are connected to the chain contour and the conveyor belt and are perpendicular to them (SU copyright certificate No. 1588307, MKL ⁵ A01D 45/00).

The disadvantages of this picker are injury to the fruit during collision from the right and left feeders, imperfections in construction when aggregated with a tractor and the inability to select fruits for a standard size.

The closest technical solution inherently to the claimed object is a gourmet fruit picker containing a frame, a roll-in, a closed chain loop, the lifting chain of which is tilted in the direction opposite to the direction of travel, and a conveyor belt covering the chain loop from the outside, and elastic blades rigidly associated with the chain loop and conveyor belt, with each blade of the chain loop is made [-shaped and located to the chain loop at an angle of 60 ... 70 °, and its side legs of the footers They are elastic material, while the blade has a bend in the direction opposite to the movement of the pick-up, and the frame is tilted back at an angle of 60 ... 70 °, the conveyor belt covering the chain contour is made in the form of a mesh with cells larger than the minimum size of the selected fruits, frame the pick-up is mounted on the tractor, and the chain circuit is connected with the drive wheel of the tractor, the pick-up swather has slats that are mounted on the supporting beam fixed in the lower part of the frame and fixed on the tractor frame by controlled stretching (RU patent №2262224, ⁷ IPC A01D 51/0).

The disadvantage of this picker is the injury to the fruit by the roll-in, which has passive slats installed at an angle to the direction of movement and a side hitch, which causes difficulty in aggregation and reduces operational reliability, the location of the blades at an angle of 60 ... 70 ° to the chain circuit, which causes fruit loss during lifting to the loading tray, the use of mesh with cells makes it difficult to select standard fruits.

The invention consists in the following.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to simplify the design, reduce labor costs during aggregation, reduce injury to the fruit during selection.

The technical result is an increase in productivity, a decrease in fruit injury and an increase in operational reliability.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known picker of gourds, containing a frame, a roll-in, a closed circuit, the lifting branch of which is inclined in the direction opposite to the direction of movement, according to the invention, an active type swather is installed in front of the tractor, made in the form of belt loops with fruit-shifting ribs mounted vertically and driven by hydraulic motors, plethora angles are provided in the lower part of the swather, belt loops are installed they are angled at an angle of 45 ... 65 ° to the direction of travel, the swather is mounted on the copy wheels and is attached with adjustable leashes to the load-bearing beam, which is fixed to the tractor’s front hydraulic hinged system, plates are installed at the bottom of the tractor to prevent damage to the fruit on the wheels, and installed behind the tractor trailed pick-up loader, on the frame of which two closed conveyor belts are mounted, in the form of contours, on the inner surface of which fruit-gripping blades made by spoon-shaped are fixed They are fixed and attached to the conveyor belt at an angle of 65 ... 75 °, and the blade itself is covered with elastic material, the conveyor belt is made in the form of a chevron belt with tines, and the pick-up frame is in the form of a volumetric parallelogram, at the corners of which there are shafts with disc stops, closed along the contour conveyor belts with tensioners, the frame is mounted on a support wheel adjustable in height with the help of hydraulic cylinders, in the central part between the closed conveyor belts there is mounted a fruit roll-in made in in the form of belt loops with vertically moving fruit-ribs and driven by a hydraulic motor, the belt loops are installed at an angle of 45 ... 65 ° to the direction of movement, the roll-in is mounted on the copy wheel and mounted on the pick-up frame articulated, in the upper part of the loops are pick-up and loading trays , fruit stackers are provided at the end of the loading trays, under which the fruit container is installed.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a trailed pick-up of fruits of gourds, connected to the tractor, top view;

Figure 2 is the same side view;

Figure 3 is a section A-A in figure 1.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed technical solution is as follows.

In front of tractor 1, an active type swather is installed. The swather is made in the form of belt loops 2 with fruit-shifting ribs 3 mounted vertically and driven by hydraulic motors 4; plethora corners 5 are provided at the bottom of the swath 5. Belt loops 2 are installed at an angle of 45 ... 65 ° to the direction of movement. The swather is mounted on the copy wheels 6 and is attached using adjustable leashes 7 on the supporting beam 8, which is fixed to the front hydraulic hinged system 9 of the tractor 1. At the bottom of the tractor 1, plates 10 are installed to prevent damage to the fruit on the wheels.

A tractor-mounted pick-up loader is installed behind tractor 1. The pick-up loader of gourds, connected to the tractor 1, includes a frame 11 in the form of a volumetric parallelogram, at the corners of which there are installed shafts 12 with disk stops 13, closed along the contour by conveyor belts 14 with tensioners 15. Two closed conveyor belts are mounted on the frame 11 in the form of contours, on the inner surface of which fruit-catching blades 16 are fixed, made spoon-shaped and fixed to the conveyor belt 14 at an angle of 65 ... 75 °, and the blade 16 itself is covered with elastic material. The conveyor belt 14 is made in the form of a chevron belt with tillers 17. The pick-up frame 11 is mounted on the support wheels 19, which are height-adjustable by means of hydraulic cylinders 18 and has a towing device 20, for attaching to the hydraulic hinged system 21 of the tractor 1. For the drive of the conveyor belt 14 tillers are provided 17.

In the central part between the closed conveyor belts 14, a fruit skimmer is mounted. The roll-in is made in the form of belt loops 22 with fruit-shifting ribs 23 mounted vertically and driven by a hydraulic motor 24. Belt loops 22 are installed at an angle of 45 ... 65 ° to the direction of travel. The drive-in is mounted on the gauge wheel 25 and mounted on the frame 11 of the pickup articulated.

Fruit-picking 26 and loading trays 27 are placed in the upper part of the circuits 14, fruit stackers 28 are provided at the end of the loading trays 27, under which a container 29 for fruits is installed.

Picker loader of gourds is as follows.

Before starting work, the necessary adjustments are made to ensure the reliable performance of the process, the reliability of raising and lowering the swather and the pick-up loader is checked by the tractor hydraulic system 1, the tension of the conveyor belts 14 and belt loops 2, 22 is checked. The pick-up loader drives up to the melon field. Using the hydraulic hinged system 9 of the tractor 1 lowers the swather, and the pick-up loader using the hydraulic hinged system 21 to the surface of the field. The tractor hydraulic distributor is installed in a floating position. In this case, the swather should rely on the copying wheels 6, and the pick-up loader on conveyor belts 14 with tipping arms 17.

When the pick-up loader moves, the fruits lying on the field surface are captured by the swather, belt loops 2 with fruit-shifting ribs 3. The fruit-shifting ribs 3 affect the fruits lying on the field surface. The fruits are moved by belt loops 2 with fruit-moving ribs 3 driven by hydraulic motors 4, transmit torque to the fruits, roll them and provide the formation of a roll under the tractor 1. The separation angles 5 separate the whips from the fruits, thereby ensuring the purity of the formed roller from the melons. At the bottom of the tractor 1, plates 10 are installed in front of the wheels to prevent damage to the fruit on the wheels.

The fruits are captured by the belt circuits 22 of the roll-in with the fruit-shifting ribs 23, moved by the operation of the hydraulic motor 24 and fed to the lower part of the conveyor belts 14, which move along the field surface at a speed equal to the speed of the tractor 1. This is achieved due to the interaction of the soil loaders 17 with the soil. The fruits entering the fruit-lifting contour are captured and fixed by the blades 16, and fruit injury to the blades 16 is prevented by an elastic coating. When moving the fruit-lifting contour, the fruits are lifted by the blades 16 from the field surface to the top of the fruit-lifting contour, the height of which allows the fruits to be loaded into the container 29, and then into the vehicle. The loss of fruit from the blades is prevented by tilting the fruit-lifting contour to the horizon, in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the picker and by bending the ends of the blades 16.

When the blade 16 is rotated in the upper part of the fruit-lifting contour, the fruit rolls onto the fruit trays 26 and along the loading trays 27 through the stackers 28 into the container 29. The fruit-collecting 26 and loading trays 27 have a bias towards the stacker 28, which ensures that the fruits are loaded into the container 29.

Thus, the developed design of the fruit-lifting contour allows the selection of fruits from the field surface of both round shape and non-circular shape and loading into the hopper, and then into the vehicle without mechanical injury.

Claims (1)

A gourd fruit pick-up loader comprising a frame, a roll-in, a closed loop, the lifting branch of which is tilted to the side opposite to the direction of movement, characterized in that an active-type swather is installed in front of the tractor, made in the form of belt loops with fruit-shifting ribs mounted vertically, and driven by hydraulic motors, plethora angles are provided in the lower part of the swather, belt loops are set at an angle of 45 ... 65 ° to the direction of travel, swath The tractor is mounted on the copy wheels and fastened with adjustable leashes on the load-bearing beam, which is fixed to the tractor’s front hydraulic hinge system, plates are mounted at the bottom of the tractor in front of the wheels to prevent damage to the fruit on the wheels, and behind the tractor there is a trailed pick-up loader, on the frame of which are mounted two closed conveyor belts in the form of contours, on the inner surface of which fruit-gripping blades are fixed, made spoon-shaped and fixed to the conveyor belt those are at an angle of 65 ... 75 °, and the blade itself is covered with elastic material, the conveyor belt is made in the form of a chevron belt with tipping arms, and the pick-up frame is in the form of a volumetric parallelogram, at the corners of which there are shafts with disk stops, closed along the contour by conveyor belts with tensioners, the frame is mounted on support wheels, adjustable in height, by means of hydraulic cylinders, in the central part between the closed conveyor belts there is mounted a fruit roll-in made in the form of belt loops with fruit-shifting and with ribs mounted vertically and driven by a hydraulic motor, the belt circuits are installed at an angle of 45 ... 65 ° to the direction of movement, the roll-in is mounted on the copy wheel and mounted on the pick-up frame pivotally, in the upper part of the loops, pick-up and loading trays are placed, at the end of loading fruit trays are provided under the trays, under which a fruit container is installed.

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