RU2317672C1 - Vine crop fruit pickup apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: pickup apparatus has frame with carrier-wheels, left-hand and right-hand fruit guides, drum designed for rotation by engagement with ground and having one of rims fixed to pin and other rim designed for moving along said pin, and clamps having rounded surfaces and being made of various lengths. Clamps are positioned so as to be deflected inward of drum and moved to initial position for fruit holding. Apparatus is further provided with roller conveyor, vine pulling-off roller, and charging conveyor. Each fruit guide is made in the form of pneumatic chamber positioned on disk provided with hub which is mounted for free rotation on pin arranged at an angle to horizontal plane. Ground-engaging devices are located in lower part, on peripheral edge of disk. Outer diameter of pneumatic chamber is 1,500-1,900 mm. Excessive air pressure within chamber cavity is set to be 0.012-0.016 MPa. Convergent surfaces of opposite left-hand and right-hand chambers are spaced away from one another by distance less than 60 mm.

EFFECT: reduced damage to fruits and improved quality of harvested products.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural processes, in particular to the production of food products when harvesting fruits of gourds.

Known picker of fruits of melons, containing a support frame, a lift made in the form of a series of guides, and a feeding device with leashes, in which, in order to increase the completeness of selection and reduce damage to the fruit, the feeding device consists of individual elements hinged to the frame, and guides of infinite flexible elements, the leashes on which are fixed with an arrangement between the guides and inclined in the direction of movement of the flexible elements (SU, copyright certificate No. 886803. M. class ^3. A01D 45/00. Sub fruit hunter / V.I. Perepelitsa, V.T. Prototasov, V.V. Grigyanu, S.F. Stelmakh (USSR) - Application No. 2432857 / 30-15; Declared December 22, 1976; Bulletin No. 45 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1981. - No. 45).

A drawback of the described picker is the high degree of damage to the fruit by the guides at the time of entry of the fetus and during its transportation.

It is also known a device for selecting fruits of melons, including a loader, catcher, made in the form of an elastic conveyor, and an unloading conveyor, in which, in order to eliminate clogging by the fruits of the entrance to the catcher and to more evenly feed them, above the loader at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the device elastic rolling conveyor that enters at one end into the trap circuit (SU, copyright certificate No. 370914. M. class. А01D 45/00, А01D 51/00. Device for selecting fruits of melons and gourds / I.S. Egorov (SS SR) .- Application No. 1621037 / 30-15; Stated 02/15/1971; Publish. 02/22/1973, bull. No. 12).

The disadvantage of the described device for the selection of fruits of melons is a large number of damaged fruits by the loader 1 when the fruits are directed to the trap.

In addition to those described, a picker of gourds, including a reel with discs and blades, a guiding tray and a lifting conveyor, in which, in order to reduce damage to the fruit, each reel blade is made of two articulated links, one of which is articulated to reel drive and spring loaded; emphasis is installed on the reel disk (SU, copyright certificate No. 713549. M. cl ^2. A01D 45/00, A01D 51/00. Picker of melons and gourds / A. Em, EF Vershinnikov, H. Kh. Nuraliev and others . (USSR) .- Application No. 2163800 / 30-15; Stated 08/08/1975; Published 05.02.1980, Bull. No. 5 // Discovery. Inventions. - 1980. - No. 5).

The disadvantage of the presented picker, mainly fruits of gourds, is mechanical damage to the fruit by the edges of the reel blades in contact with the surface of the fetus.

The closest analogue to the claimed object is a gourmet fruit picker containing a frame on which a drum and a loading conveyor are mounted, in which one of the drum rims is mounted on an axis and the other is movable along it, with each drum rim around the circumference at equal intervals, clamps with a round surface of different lengths are pivotally mounted with the possibility of deflecting into the drum and returning to the initial position to hold the fruits, while the distance between the greatest they along the length of the clamps correspond to the lower limit of standard products, and the drum is mounted for rotation from reaction with the soil (RU, patent No. 2265310. C2. IPC ⁷ A01D 51/00. Picker of melons / V.A. Milyutkin (RU), N.F. Strebkov (RU) - Application No. 2003108460/12; Stated March 26, 2003; Published December 10, 2005, Bulletin No. 34 // Inventions. Utility Models. - 2005. - No. 34).

The disadvantage of the described melon fruit picker, adopted as a prototype, is the unacceptable percentage of fruit damage by the left and right guides (8) of the fruits in the middle of the drums (2), in particular by its divider (8).

The essence of the claimed invention.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to obtain marketable products in the continuous harvesting of gourds.

The technical result is a decrease in the degree of damage to the fruit.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the well-known picker of gourds, containing a frame with supporting wheels, the left and right guides of the fruits, a rotating drum from the reaction with the soil, one of the rims of which is fixed on the axis, and the other with the ability to move along it, clamps with a rounded surface of different lengths, placed with the possibility of deflecting into the drum and returning to the starting position to hold the fruits, roller table, pleating roller and loading conveyor, according to the invention, each the fruit guide is made in the form of a pneumatic chamber placed on a disk with a hub mounted with the possibility of free rotation on an axis mounted at an angle to the horizon, in the lower part on the peripheral edge of the disk around the perimeter there are couplings, the external diameter of the pneumatic chamber is made 1500 ... 1900 mm, the excess air pressure in the chamber cavity was set equal to 0.012-0.016 MPa, and the convergent surfaces of the opposite mounted left and right chambers were removed by a distance equal to the lower limit of the diameter standard products.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a picker of fruits of melons, a view from the right.

Figure 2 is the same plan view.

Figure 3 is a view A in figure 1, a front view of the left and right guides of the fruits and the rotating drum from the reaction with the soil.

Figure 4 - view BB in figure 2, the process of forming a roll from the fruits of gourds, pneumatic chambers left and right guides.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The gourd fruit picker (see FIGS. 1 and 2) contains a frame 1, left and right guides 2 and 3 fruits, a rotating drum 4, a roller table in the form of rollers 5, pleating rollers 6 and 7, a conveyor 8 loading fruits and a stacker 9 fruits in the back of the vehicle.

The frame 1 of the welded structure is connected to the half frame 10 of the tractor being mounted 11. The frame 1 is equipped with a vane support wheel. It is connected to the frame 1 by a hydraulic actuator to transfer the pick-up from the transport position. Due to the popularity of the vane support wheel and its hydraulic drive, the standard units in the above drawings are not shown.

The rotating drum 4 driven by a reaction with the soil contains rims 12 and 13, hubs 14 and 15, axis 16, spokes 17. Rim 12 is mounted on axis 16. Rim 13 is mounted on axis 16 with the possibility of movement along it. An axis 18 is mounted in the form of a ring in the plane of each rim 12 (13) to accommodate the clamps 19. The clamps 19 are made with a rounded surface of different lengths. Each clamp 19 is installed in the rim 12 (13) with the possibility of deflection inside the drum 4 and return to its original position to hold the fruit. This is facilitated by elastic elements 20 located on the axis 18.

Each guide 2 (3) of the fruits into the space of the drum 4 is made in the form of a pneumatic chamber 21. The chamber 21 is placed on the disk 22 with the hub 23. The hub 23 together with the bearing supports, the disk 22 and the camera 21 are placed on the axis 24 with the possibility of free rotation. The axis 24 is set at an angle α to the horizon (see figure 3). In the lower part, facing the field, on the peripheral edge of the disk 22, couplings 25 are placed around its perimeter. Each coupon 25 is shaped like a cone with a fixed top. Soil 25 on the disk 22 is fixed with standard fastening means. The spacing of the couplings 25 along the edge of the disk 22 is set so as to provide a reliable drive of the guides 2 (3) for rolling at least 20 fruits, each weighing at least 25 kg.

The outer diameter of the pneumatic chamber 21, 22 is made equal to 1500-1900 mm. Excessive air pressure in the cavity of the chamber 21 (22) is set equal to 0.012-0.016 MPa. The convergent surfaces of the oppositely installed left and right chambers 21 and 22 are removed to a distance equal to the lower limit of non-standard products (not higher than 60 mm).

On the left and right sides of the drum 4, behind the left and right guides 2 and 3 on the frame 1 are placed plethora rollers 6 and 7.

Behind and under the drum 4, rollers 5 of the roller table are installed for transferring the raised fruits to the working branch of the conveyor 8. The conveyor 8 is equipped with a hydraulic actuator connected to the hydraulic network of the tractor being mounted 11. In the upper part of the conveyor 8, a fruit stacker 9 is installed.

The picker of gourds is as follows.

With hydraulic drive of the vane wheel, the pick-up frame 1 is lowered down to touch the field surface of the rims 12 and 13 of the drum 4 and the pleating rollers 6 and 7. By moving the handle of the hydraulic distributor of the mounted tractor 11 in the “Raise” position, turn on the hydraulic motor of the conveyor 8 to load the fruits. Set the working gear of the tractor 11. The harvester begins to move along the surface of the gourd.

When in contact with the soil of the guides 2 and 3, the soil couplings 25 come into contact with the soil. With the translational movement of the guides 2 and 3 due to the reaction of forces at the rounded end of the couch 25, the pneumatic chamber 21 together with the disk 22 is driven to rotate on the axis 24. Moreover, due to the difference in the radii of the placement of the couplings 25 (the outer diameter of the disc 22 is smaller than the outer diameter of the pneumatic chamber 21 two diameters in the radial section of the pneumatic chamber 21) in comparison with the outer surface of the chamber 21, the convergent surfaces of the chambers 21 of the guides 2 and 3 have a 1.3 ... 1.6 times greater peripheral speed than translational soon tractor 11.

When the camera 21 is in contact with the surface of the harvested fetus, it is given a rotational and pushing effect. Each harvested fruit located in front of the guides 2 and 3 is shifted to the middle of the pick-up. Further, the fetus comes into contact with the convergent surfaces of the left and right chambers 21. With cameras 21, the fetus is oriented in the middle between the rims 12 and 13 of the drum 4. The fetus comes into contact with the clamps 19 in the rims 12 and 13 and the elastic elements 20 are fixed. When the drum 4 is rolling, each fruit is brought to the rollers 16 of the roller table and, together with the rotating drum 4, is fed to the conveyor 8. With elastic blades of the conveyor 8, the fruit rises to a height greater than the height of the side of the Kamaz onboard vehicle. From a stacker of 9 fruits, workers stack the fruits in a car body in order for long-distance transportation.

The lashes of melon crops and the tops of weeds from harvested fruits when moving the picker and transporting the fruits with guides 2 and 3 and drum 4 separate the left and right pleating roller 6 and 7.

Using a pick-up will allow to ensure high-quality harvest of gourds with the least damage.

Claims (1)

A gourmet fruit picker containing a frame with supporting wheels, left and right fruit guides, a rotating drum from reaction with the soil, one of the rims of which is fixed on the axis, and the other is movable along it, clamps with a rounded surface of different lengths, placed with the possibility of deflecting into the drum and returning to the starting position for holding the fruits, a roller table, a pleating roller and a loading conveyor, characterized in that each fruit guide is made in the form of a pneumatic chamber mounted on a disk with a hub mounted with the possibility of free rotation on an axis mounted at an angle to the horizon, in the lower part on the peripheral edge of the disk along the perimeter are mounted couplings, the outer diameter of the pneumatic chamber is made equal to 1500-1900 mm, the excess air pressure in the chamber cavity is installed equal to 0.012-0.016 MPa, and the convergent surfaces of the opposite mounted left and right chambers are removed to a distance of not more than 60 mm.

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