RU2638652C1 - Rotary pickup of melons and gourds with copying fruit guide - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: pickup comprises a frame (1) with supporting wheels (2 and 3), a trailer spoke (4), a platform (5) with copying wheels (6 and 7), a fruit guide (8), a left and a right harvesting rotor (9 and 10), a longitudinal conveyor (11), and a fruit-loading conveyor (12). The fruit guide (8) consists of separate copying elements (17) mounted on the front beam of the platform (5) with the possibility of free movement in the vertical plane and made in the form of a ski with a horizontal section which along the radius R passes into a sloping section mounted at an angle equal to the inclination angle α of the platform to the horizon. Under each copying element (17), an adjustable stop is installed, which limits the lowering of the element when copying the field relief and lifting the platform (5) to the transport position.

EFFECT: improving the conditions for rolling fruits on the pickup platform and preventing their damage.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines designed for continuous harvesting of gourds.

Known drum pick-up loader of fruits of melons, containing a swath, vkatyvatel and fruit-lifting drum with blades, inside which is placed a tray for receiving fruits. The blades are made in the form of a frame with an elastic coating and rounding from the side of the outer rim towards the direction of movement along a radius equal to the average radius of the selected fruits fixed between the outer rim and the inner frame of the drum. The blades are rigidly fixed to the inner frame using beams made compound, the outer part of which is connected to the outer rim, made of an elastic material with shape memory. Between the rays of the blades, an elastic mesh is fixed. The frame of the blades has an internal elastic coating. The sidewall of the blade frame on the side of the inlet window has an elastic coating on the outside. The side wall of the blade space on the opposite side of the entrance windows is covered with an elastic grid. Outside, the fruit-lifting drum is covered by belts made of material with shape memory, the distance between which is equal to (0.9-0.95) d _{min of the} minimum diameter of the selected fruit (RU, patent No. 2373685. Drum pick-up loader of gourds / Declared 08.04. 2008; Published November 27, 2009. Bull. No. 33).

The disadvantages of this pick-up loader include the complexity of the design, low reliability of fruit selection, mechanical damage to the fruit at the time of capture and transportation.

Also known is a gourmet fruit picker containing a frame with supporting wheels, left and right fruit guides, a rotating drum from reaction with the soil, one of the rims of which is fixed on the axis, and the other with the ability to move along it, clamps with a rounded surface of different lengths, placed with the possibility of deflecting into the drum and returning to the starting position for holding the fruits, the roller table, plethora roller and loading conveyor. Each fruit guide is made in the form of a pneumatic chamber placed on a disk with a hub mounted with the possibility of free rotation on an axis mounted at an angle to the horizon, in the lower part on the peripheral edge of the disk around the perimeter there are couplings, the external diameter of the pneumatic chamber is made equal to 1500-1900 mm, the excess air pressure in the chamber cavity is set equal to 0.012-0.016 MPa, and the convergent surfaces of the oppositely installed left and right chambers are removed to a distance of not more than 60 mm (RU, patent No. 2317672. Picker of melons and gourds / Declared July 6, 2006; Published February 2, 2008; Bull. No. 6).

The disadvantages of the described pick-up include a large number of damaged fruits, unloading the fruit in front of the pneumatic guides and winding the lashes on the couplings.

The closest analogue to the claimed object is a rotary picker of gourds, containing a frame with support wheels, a trailed spoke, a platform, left and right harvesting rotors, a longitudinal conveyor and a fruit loading conveyor. Each harvesting rotor is made in the form of a cylinder mounted on an axis with the possibility of rotation towards each other. Along the periphery of the cylinder are fruit receiving cells formed by an elastic tape and made in the form of a curve that is half an ellipse, the smaller axis of which is directed to the center of the harvesting rotor, and the size of the major axis of the ellipse is made equal to the diameter of the fruit (RU, Patent No. 2520126. Rotary picker of melons cultures / Stated 05/06/2013; Published 06/20/2014. Bull. No. 17).

The disadvantages of the described rotary picker, adopted as a prototype, include unloading and damage to the fruit on the irregularities of the field, since there is no possibility of copying the relief with the fruit guide.

The essence of the claimed invention

The problem to which the invention is directed is to obtain marketable products in the continuous mechanized harvesting of gourds.

The technical result is an improvement in the conditions of rolling fruit onto the pick-up platform and preventing their damage.

The specified technical result is achieved by a rotary picker of melons and gourds with a copying fruit guide containing a frame with support wheels, a trailing spoke, a platform with copying wheels, a fruit guide, left and right harvesting rotors, a longitudinal conveyor and a fruit loading conveyor, according to the invention, the fruit guide individual copying elements mounted on the front beam of the platform with the possibility of free movement in the vertical plane and made in the form of a ski with g The horizontal section, which along the radius R passes into the inclined section, installed at an angle coinciding with the angle α of the tilt of the platform to the horizon, an adjustable stop is installed under each copying element, which limits the lowering of the element when copying the topography of the field and lifting the platform to the transport position.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a rotary picker of gourds with a copy guide of the fruits, left view.

In FIG. 2 - the same, top view.

In FIG. 3 is a section A-A in FIG. 2.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The gourd rotary fruit picker with the copying fruit guide (see Fig. 1 and 2) contains a frame 1 with support wheels 2 and 3, a trailed spoke 4, a platform 5 with copying wheels 6 and 7, a fruit guide 8, left and right harvesting rotors 9 and 10, a longitudinal conveyor 11 and a conveyor 12 for loading fruit into a vehicle body.

The frame 1 of the welded structure rests on the support wheels 2 and 3. The frame 1 is connected to the attachment system 13 of the aggregate tractor 14 by means of a trailed spoke 4. The trailed spoke 4 has the ability to be rotated relative to the frame 1 to transfer the pick-up to the transport and working position. An additional towing device 15 is attached to the hinge system 13. An additional towing device 15 is used to attach the trailer 16 to the unit.

The rear part of the platform 5 is pivotally connected to the frame 1 for its lifting into the transport position by means of hydraulic cylinders installed under the platform. The front part of the platform 5 rests on the copy wheels 6 and 7, mounted with the possibility of changing the position in height to ensure the angle α of the inclination of the platform to the horizon (see Fig. 1). At the front edge of the platform 5, facing the field, the fruit guide 8 is fixed, which provides the supply of fruit to the harvesting rotors 9 and 10. The fruit guide 8 consists of separate copying elements 17 mounted on the front beam of the platform 5 with the possibility of free movement in a vertical plane . The copying elements 17 are made in the form of a ski with a horizontal section, which along the radius R passes into an inclined section, installed at an angle coinciding with the angle α of the inclination of the platform to the horizon (see Fig. 3). Under each copying element 17, an adjustable stop 18 is installed, which limits the lowering of the element when copying the topography of the field and lifting the platform 5 to the transport position.

The front beam of the platform 5 and the adjustable stop 18 are closed from above by the receiving tray 19. In the receiving tray 19, slots are made to move the rods of the copy element 17.

On the platform 5, harvesting rotors 9 and 10 are installed with the possibility of rotation towards each other. Along the periphery of the rotors are fruit receiving cells 20 formed by an elastic tape. The shape of the receiving cell 20 has the form of a half ellipse and provides reliable capture and movement of the fruits of melons.

The rotation of the harvesting rotors is obtained from a hydraulic motor 21 connected to the hydraulic system of the tractor 14.

A longitudinal conveyor 11 is located between the harvesting rotors 9 and 10 on the platform 5. The longitudinal conveyor 11 is made in the form of an endless elastic band for moving the raised fruit to the fruit loading conveyor 12. The longitudinal conveyor 11 is equipped with a hydraulic actuator connected to the hydraulic system of the tractor 14.

In the back of the pick-up, a conveyor 12 for loading fruits into the vehicle body is installed. The conveyor 12 loading fruits is based on a self-supporting support wheel 22 and receives a drive from a hydraulic motor connected to the hydraulic system of the tractor 14.

A rotary picker of gourds with a copying guide of fruits works as follows.

The trailing spoke 4 is moved to the leftmost working position and fixed. With hydraulic cylinders, the pick-up platform 5 is lowered down to touch the field surface of the copy wheels 6 and 7. In this case, the copy elements 17 are also lowered in a horizontal section onto the field surface.

The hydrodistributor of the aggregated tractor 14 includes a hydraulic motor 21 of the drive of the harvesting rotors 9 and 10, a hydraulic motor of the longitudinal conveyor 11 and a hydraulic motor of the conveyor 12 for loading fruits. The rotation speed of the harvesting rotors 9 and 10 should be equal to the speed of the translational movement of the unit. The rotary fruit picker begins its movement along the harvested field.

Copying elements 17 slide along the surface of the field, copying its relief, and when in contact with the fruit, ensure its rolling into a horizontal section. Harvesting rotors 9 and 10, rotating towards each other, by the receiving cells 20 capture the fetus and move it to the middle part of the pick-up due to the rotational and pushing effects. In this case, the fetus glides along the inclined sections of the copying elements 17, which excludes its damage to the surface of the field. Next, the fruit on the receiving tray 19 rises to the platform 5. An elastic tape of the longitudinal conveyor 11 together with the rotating harvesting rotors 9 and 10 moves the fruit along the platform 5 and feeds the fruit loading conveyor 12. With elastic blades, the conveyor 12 lifts the fetus into the body of the trailer 16 for further transportation.

The rotary picker of melons and gourds does not require preliminary swathing, which reduces laboriousness and increases the productivity of harvesting gourds with minimal damage to the fruits.

Claims (1)

A gourd rotary fruit picker with a copying fruit guide, comprising a frame with support wheels, a trailed ginger, a platform with copying wheels, a fruit guide, left and right harvesting rotors, a longitudinal conveyor and a fruit loading conveyor, characterized in that the fruit guide consists of separate copying elements mounted on the front beam of the platform with the possibility of free movement in the vertical plane and made in the form of a ski with a horizontal section, which along the radius R per goes to an inclined section installed at an angle coinciding with the angle α of the platform inclination to the horizon, an adjustable stop is installed under each copying element, which limits the lowering of the element when copying the topography of the field and lifting the platform to the transport position.

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