RU2367134C1 - Cucurbit fruit catcher - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural engineering, particularly to machines meant for collecting cucurbit fruits. The fruit catcher has blades, the frame of which has an inner elastic cover. An elastic net is stretched between racks of the frame. A swath maker is mounted in front of a tractor for preparing a swath from cucurbit fruits. A roller is provided for moving fruits into the inter-blade space, the main working element of which is in form of bars mounted at an angle to the direction of motion and gauge wheels. There is a fruit-lifting drum, inside of which there is a fruit receiving tray. The fruit-lifting drum is encircled with continuous belts separated by a distance equal to 09 dmin, where dmin is the minimum diametre of the selected fruits. The distance between the belts is fixed by braces on outer racks of the frame. The side wall of the blade space on the opposite side of inlet windows has an elastic cover. There are grousers on the belts, situated on the butt-end of the blades on rims and belts. Fruit-moving bars of the roller and swath maker are mounted at an angle of 40-45° to the direction of motion.

EFFECT: reduced damage to fruits and increased operating reliability.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines designed for harvesting gourds.

Known fruit picker for melons, containing an endless conveyor with fingers mounted on it, in which, in order to reduce damage when selecting fruits of various sizes and shapes, the fingers are spring-loaded and pivotally mounted on the conveyor with a step close to the size of the smallest fruits; articulated spring fingers in the working area are covered with elastic material and have a pear-shaped thickening at the end (SU, copyright certificate No. 397154, M. class. А01D 45/00, А01D 51/00).

The disadvantages of the described picker include low technical reliability, low productivity, large fruit losses.

Known fruit picker for melons and gourds, containing a support frame, a lift made in the form of a series of guides, and a feeding device with leashes, in which, in order to increase the completeness of selection and reduce damage to the fruit, the feeding device consists of separate endlessly flexible hinged relative to the frame and guides elements on which leashes are fixed with an arrangement between guides and are inclined towards the movement of flexible elements (SU, copyright certificate No. 886808, M. class. ³ A01D 45/00).

The disadvantages of this picker include the complexity of the design, low reliability of the selection of fruits, their mechanical damage at the time of capture and transportation, as well as the inability to select only standard fruits.

Known picker of gourds, containing a frame, a drum with meshes, a roll-in and a receiving tray, the drum is made in the form of a closed chain contour, the lifting branch of which is inclined in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the picker, and is equipped with a conveyor belt and elastic blades forming the mesh while the conveyor belt covers the chain contour from the outside, and the elastic blades are connected to the chain contour and the conveyor belt and are perpendicular to them (SU, copyright certificate 1588307, M. Cl. ⁵ A01D 45/00).

The disadvantages of this picker are injury to the fruit during collision from the right and left feeders, imperfections in construction when aggregated with a tractor and the inability to select fruits for a standard size.

Known picker of gourds, containing a frame, a roll-in, a closed chain loop, the lifting chain of which is tilted in the direction opposite to the direction of movement, and a conveyor belt covering the chain loop from the outside, and elastic blades rigidly connected to the chain loop and conveyor belt, the chain loop blade is made [- shaped and is located at an angle of 60 ... 70 ° to the chain loop, and its side posts are lined with elastic material, while the blade has a bend in the direction opposite to the pick-up, and the frame is tilted back at an angle of 60 ... 70 °, the conveyor belt covering the chain contour is made in the form of a grid with cells larger than the minimum size of the picked fruits, the pick-up frame is mounted on the tractor, and the chain contour is connected with the drive wheel of the tractor , the pick-up swather has strips that are mounted on a supporting beam fixed in the lower part of the frame and fixed on the tractor frame by means of adjustable stretching (RU, patent for invention No. 2262224 A01D 51/00).

Disadvantages of the pick-up include a lateral hitch, which causes difficulty in aggregation and reduces operational reliability, the location of the blades at an angle of 60 ... 70 ° to the chain circuit, which causes fruit loss when climbing to the loading chute, using a mesh with cells makes it difficult to select standard fruits.

A known unit for selecting fruits of melons, containing a tractor, swather, roll-in and pick-up loader, while the swath is made in the form of slanting rails, mounted on copy wheels, mounted on a carrier bar in front of the tractor with an increased working width in front, and the pick-up loader, mounted on a tractor hinged system, placed on the center line of the tractor’s right-hand wheel, has a closed chain circuit with blades, the lifting chain of which is tilted to the side, opposite to the direction of movement, and the transporting circuit, covering the chain path and elastic blades, rigidly connected with the chain and transporting circuits, while the transporting circuit, covering elastic blades, is made in the form of belts with tillers on them, the distance between the belts is equal to the minimum size of the selected fruits, the belts are interconnected by fixing diameters, and the roll-in has strips that are mounted on a load-bearing beam using copy wheels fixed to the bottom of the frame, and afiksirovany mounted on the tractor (RU, patent 2313211 №, A01G 45/00, A01G 51/00).

The disadvantages of the unit include design complexity, instability during operation of the unit, low operational reliability.

This unit is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The invention consists in the following.

The task to which the invention is directed is to simplify the design, reduce labor costs during aggregation, reduce injury to the fruit during selection and provide the ability to sample standard fruits.

The technical result is a reduction in injury to the fruit and increased operational reliability.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the well-known picker of gourds, containing blades, the frame of which has an internal elastic coating, and between the shelves of the frame an elastic mesh is stretched, a swath set in front of the tractor to prepare the roll from the gourds, and for feeding the fruits to the inter-blade space has a roll-in, the main working body of which is the slats installed at an angle to the direction of movement and the copy wheels, while there is a fruit bearing emny drum, in the interior of which is placed plodopriemny tray, wherein plodopodemny drum covered endless belts separated by a distance equal to 0,9 d _min the minimum diameter gleaned fruit, fixing a predetermined distance between the belts is ensured by spacers mounted on the outer frame shelves, the side wall the blade space from the side opposite from the entrance windows has an elastic coating, on the belts there are tillers located at the end of the blades on the rims and belts, plodosdvigayuschie vkatyvatelya swath strips and mounted via a lead angle of 40-45 ° to the direction of movement.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a melon harvester mounted on a tractor, side view.

Figure 2 is the same plan view.

Figure 3 is a fruit-lifting drum, side view.

Figure 4 is the same, top view.

Figure 5 is a section aa in figure 3.

Figure 6 is a view In figure 3.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed technical solution is as follows.

The gourd fruit picker includes a tractor 1, on the hinge system 2 of which a fruit-lifting drum 3 with elastic blades 4 mounted between the outer rims 5 and the inner rings 6 is mounted. In the internal cavity of the fruit-lifting drum 3 there is a fruit pick-up tray 7, which mates with the loading conveyor 8. To the hinged system 2 of the tractor, the fruit-lifting drum is mounted using a hub 9, from the side of which input windows 10 of the fruit-lifting drum 3 are provided, where the fruit pick-up 11 is installed, consisting of fruit-shifting slats 12 mounted with copy wheels 13 on leashes 14 to a supporting beam 15. The fruit-lifting drum 3 is covered along the outer perimeter by endless belts 16, the distance between which is equal to the size of 0.9 d _{min of the} minimum diameter of the selected fruits.

In front of the tractor 1 with the help of the supporting beam 17 on the copy wheels 18 with the help of leads 19 mounted fruit-shifting straps 20 swaths 21 fruits.

The loading conveyor 8 is fixed to the attachment system 2 of the tractor 1 using the bracket 22 and the frame 23, on which the bearings of the loading conveyor 8 are fixed.

The hub 9 is connected to the inner ring 6 by spokes 24. At the end part of the blades 4 on the rims 5 and belts 16 there are provided 25 couplings designed to drive the drum into rotation.

To fix the belts 16, spacers 26 are provided to each other. The blades are tightened by a mesh 27, which is fixed to the inner 28 and outer 29 cross member of the blade 4.

The blades 4 are deflected clockwise at an angle of 30 ... 35 ° to the spokes 24 of the fruit-lifting drum and have a rounding 30 in the form of a bucket with a radius equal to the radius of the average size of the picked fruits. The inner surface of the frame of the blades is covered with elastic material 31, and the inlet edge of the blade has an outer 32 and an inner coating of elastic material.

The lateral side of the fruit-lifting drum in the area of the blades from the side opposite to the inlet windows 10 is covered by a shield 33 to prevent the fruit from being pushed out of the inter-blade space by the roller. The shield 33 to prevent injury to the fruit is covered with elastic material 34.

The fruit-shifting slats 12 and 20 of the fruit packer 11 and swather 21 are installed at an angle of 40-45 ° to the direction of movement, which was established experimentally during production tests of the pick-up. The test results are presented graphs of the dependence of the angle of installation of the fruit-moving strap to the direction of movement on the damage to the fruit.

The melon harvester operates as follows.

During continuous harvesting of fruits for multi-purpose use, the picker moves along the field and, using the strips 20 of the swather 21, forms a roll of fruits, which is placed between the wheels of the tractor on its center line, while its width is 0.6 ... 0.8 m. 11 capture the fruits from the roll and direct them to the input window 10 of the fruit-lifting drum 3. When the drum 3 is supported on the surface, the drum rim is immersed in the soil, and the belts 16 are deformed and located on the soil surface (Fig. 3 is a dotted line), which forms a horizontal it rolls in and ensures free passage of fruits into the interscapular space of the drum 3. The fruit lifting drum rotates due to adhesion to the soil of the soil loops 25. The blades 4, covered with mesh 27, grab the fruits and move them to the fruit receiving tray 7. Non-standard fruits pass between the belts 16 due to their deformations and remain on the surface of the soil. Due to the deviation of the blade 4 from the direction of the radius of the drum, the fetus will be fixed between the mesh of the blade 27 and the belts 16. When the blade approaches the fruit receiving tray 7, the blade 4 forms a slope towards it, and the fruit begins to move to the fruit receiving tray 7 under the influence of its own weight. of the fruit-lifting drum, the angle of inclination of the blade 4 increases, the fruit enters the fruit receiving tray 7 and rolls onto the loading conveyor 8, which ensures that the fruits are laid in a vehicle or containers. The use of a fruit-lifting drum of a developed design provides a reduction in fruit injury and the ability to select standard fruits.

Claims (1)

A gourmet fruit picker containing blades, the frame of which has an internal elastic coating, and an elastic net is stretched between the shelves of the frame, a swather installed in front of the tractor for preparing a swath of gourds, and for feeding fruit into the inter-blade space there is a roll-in, the main working body of which are planks installed at an angle to the direction of movement and the copy wheels, characterized in that there is a fruit-lifting drum, in the inner cavity of which is placed n plodopriemny tray, wherein plodopodemny drum covered endless belts separated by a distance equal to 0,9 d _min the minimum diameter gleaned fruit, fixing a predetermined distance between the belts is provided by spacers mounted on the outer frame shelves, the side wall of the space of the vane opposite the input windows of the sides has an elastic coating, belts have tillers located at the end of the blades on the rims and belts, and fruit-shifting strips of the roll-in and swather set at an angle of 40-45 ° to the direction of travel.

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