RU2537723C1 - Flat round-sieve device for separation of tuberous roots to fractions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: flat round-sieve device for separation of tuberous roots to fractions comprises two flat round sieves, the device for removal of sorted fractions from the surface of the sieves, the boundary casing, the drive mechanism. The calibrating surfaces are made in the form of exchangeable flat sieves consisting of rings concentrically arranged with the desired spacing and wheels attached to the spokes, the hubs of which are mounted on a common vertical shaft with the possibility of changing their position in height. The round sieves are shielded by cylindrical cup-shaped casing fixed to the racks of the frame with the ability to change its position in height. On the surface of the casing and on the bottom the windows are cut for removal of the sorted fractions. On the inner side of the casing in the area of removal of coarse and medium fractions over the sieves there are freely rotating wheel shutoff devices, in front of which under the sieves the pushers of the stuck tubers (root crops) are located, made in the form of bent plates in contact with the sieve with a spring. Over each sieve at an angle smaller than the angle of friction to the path of movement of tubers the lamellar reflectors are mounted, attached with one end to the casing.

EFFECT: improvement of efficiency of separation of root crops into fractions.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for separating potatoes, table beets, carrots, radishes, turnips and other root crops into fractions according to dimensional characteristics.

The proposed device is intended primarily for sorting potatoes. After a simple modification, it can be used for separation into fractions of different in shape and size root crops and fruits.

There are many devices for sorting potatoes. Despite this, the search for a rational constructive and technological scheme of sorting does not stop. However, no alternative has yet been found to the widely used sortings with a roller work surface.

The results of the analysis of known devices indicate the prospect of improving the sorting of drum and disk type. A centrifugal classifier is known that contains at least two tiers of rotating screening surfaces made in the form of disks consisting of concentrically arranged rings, between which are strings forming a screening surface (SU 831204A, 05.23.1981). The disadvantage of this device is the imperfect device for capturing and removing tubers from the calibration surface and the lack of a device for pushing impassable tubers that are "stuck" in the holes of the calibrating surface.

In our opinion, the closest prototype of the proposed device is the installation of centrifugal sorting of bulk materials (RU No. 2349393, B078 1/08, publ. 20.03. 2009 Bull. No. 8).

The installation contains two rotating sieves, the calibrating surface of each of which is made in the form of a circle-shaped mesh attached to the rim, a device for removing fractions and a drive mechanism.

The disadvantage of this device is, first of all, the lack of a supporting (basic) structure (everything hangs in the air). The sizing surface of the sieves is made in the form of cells having a hexagonal slit-like shape. Making such a grid is not easy. In the process of work in the cells of such a grid will be stuck separate impassable tubers. There is no device for pushing such tubers.

Under the influence of significant centrifugal force, the tubers will hit the fence and will inevitably be damaged.

Somehow, the conveyor for the withdrawal of fractions is located along the diameter (and not around the circumference) of the sieve rim and has a spiral lowering. Moreover, the conveyor rollers are driven by sieve rims. Doubtful and not reliable.

In this regard, the claimed invention is aimed at solving the following technical problems:

- the elimination of these shortcomings;

- simplification of the structural and technological scheme for sorting a disk type;

- offer a simple device for removing the sorted fraction from the calibrating surface;

- to offer a device for cleaning the calibrating surface from impassable, stuck tubers;

- create the opportunity and convenience for the selection of substandard tubers from the output tray fractions.

The indicated technical results are achieved by the fact that the calibrating surfaces are made in the form of replaceable flat sieves consisting of rings concentrically arranged with the required interval. The sieves are attached to the spokes of the wheels, the hubs of which are mounted on a vertical shaft driven by a bevel gear. Round sieves are fenced with a cylindrical bowl-shaped casing, fixed on the racks of the frame with the possibility of changing its position in height. On the cylindrical surface of the casing, windows were cut for the removal of large and medium fractions, and at the bottom there is a window for the removal of small fractions. On the inside of the casing, in the area of large and medium fractions, above the sieves there are freely rotating wheel cutters, in front of which under the sieves are pushers of stuck tubers (root crops), made in the form of bent plates in contact with the sieve by means of a spring. Above each sieve at an angle smaller than the angle of friction to the trajectory of the tubers are plate reflectors, one end attached to the casing.

This embodiment of the device provides, first of all, the simplification of the structural scheme and the reduction of the sorting mass.

A significant drawback of disk sortings rotating in the horizontal plane is the short technological path of the components of the processed material along the lattice surface, since under the action of centrifugal forces the tubers (root crops) instantly leave the sieve. This explains the low throughput and low quality of the work of rotating sieves. In order to eliminate this drawback, we propose to put plate reflectors (2 ... 3 pcs.) In the path of the tubers, which change the trajectory of the tubers and extend the technological path of their movement along the calibrating surface.

Unlike known similar devices, we offer a simple device for pushing tubers (root crops) stuck between rings.

The proposed design scheme creates the conditions for the selection of substandard tubers (root crops) descending along the receiving trays (work safety, dust protection, convenient height of the trays). Therefore, a device is provided for controlling the height of both the sieves and the casing.

In the process of searching for a rational constructive scheme for disk sorting, we tested 4 types of calibrating surface in our work. The choice was stopped on the proposed scheme; the most simple, reliable in operation, with relatively best quality indicators.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a flat round lattice device for dividing potatoes (root crops) into fractions - side view, figure 2 is a top view.

The basis of the device is a vertical shaft 1, the lower end resting through a rigid coupling 2 on the output shaft of a bevel gear 3, and a ball bearing is put on its upper end, enclosed in a housing 4, mounted on the transverse beam of the frame. The shaft 1 is telescopic: the position of its upper part can be changed in height relative to the lower tubular part.

Two identical wheels 5 and 6 are fixed on the shaft with the help of hubs and locking bolts with the possibility of changing their position in height and blades 7.

The wheel hubs 5 and 6 by means of flat steel spokes 8 (FIG. 2) are connected to the rim 9. Interchangeable sieves are attached to the spokes 8. The sieves are made up of rings of different sizes concentrically arranged with the required spacing 10.

The wheels 5 and 6, equipped with sieves, are enclosed by a cylindrical cup-shaped casing 11. The casing 11 is attached to the skids 12, worn on the racks 13 of the frame by a loose fit bolts fixed to these racks. Such a device allows you to change the position of the casing 11 in height.

Rectangular windows are cut out on the cylindrical surface of the casing 11: the upper one is for removing a large fraction, tubers (root crops) of the middle fraction go through the lower window. At the bottom of the casing there is a window (hole), the length equal to the radius of the circumference of the casing, and its width corresponds to the width of the receiving tray of the fine fraction. On the inner side of the casing 11 in the zone of removal of large and medium fractions above the sieves there are freely rotating wheel cutters 14. In front of the cutters under the sieves are pushers of stuck tubers 15, made in the form of bent plates. The flat part of the plate by means of a spring contacts the lower surface of the sieve.

Above each sieve, at an angle less than the angle of friction to the trajectory of the tubers, plate reflectors 16 (2 ... 3 pcs.) Are attached, one end attached to the casing 11.

Flat round-lattice device for separating potato tubers (root crops) into fractions works as follows. Root tubers are fed to the surface of the upper sieve by a conveyor belt equipped with blades. At the same time, small tubers are fed unhindered on a short sieve to the lower sieve. Under the action of the emerging centrifugal force, medium and large tubers begin to move from the center of the sieve to the periphery. However, this is hindered by the friction force and the ribbed surface of the sieve (the tubers partially fall into the annular gap between the exchangeable rings). In addition, reflectors 16 were placed in the path of the tubers' circular motion. As a result, the tubers roll out over the entire surface of the sieve and roll over it and turn over in every way. This creates the conditions for the effective separation of the middle fraction from the coarse on the entire surface of the sieve. During movement along the sieve, a significant part of the tubers gets stuck (hangs) between the rings of the sieve. For pushing such tubers along the path of their movement along the sieves, there is a stationary flat ejector 15 with the front edge bent down, which is pressed against the sieve by means of a spring. With this plate, not only stuck tubers are squeezed (pushed out), but also large tubers that are partially “stuck” between the rings. The ejector 15 is located in the area of the output tray. Therefore, under the action of centrifugal forces, the tubers easily go to the output tray along the flat surface of the ejector. The removal of tubers contributes to the wheel cutter 14.

A similar process takes place on the lower sieve. Small tubers arrive at the bottom of the casing 11. At the bottom of the casing there is a rectangular hole (window). In this window, the tubers collide with the blades 7, driven by the shaft 1.

Unlike other similar devices, the output trays of this sort are located in a safe zone, at the height of a person’s height, and it is convenient to remove substandard tubers from them. If necessary, provides for the adjustment of the casing 11 and with it the block sieve height.

The main advantages of the proposed device:

- use as a working body for the separation of root crops into fractions of simple flat, round sieves;

- a simple device is proposed for rolling the processed material over the surface of a rotating sieve;

- a simple device for cleaning sieves from stuck tubers (root crops) is proposed;

- the ability to remove substandard tubers.

The economic efficiency is obvious and is confirmed by the advantages of the proposed device in comparison with analogues.

Claims (1)

Flat round lattice device for separating root crops into fractions containing two flat round sieves, a device for removing sorted fractions from the surface of the sieves, enclosing the casing, a drive mechanism, characterized in that the calibrating surfaces are made in the form of interchangeable flat sieves consisting of concentric spaced sieves rings and wheels attached to the spokes, the hubs of which are fixed on a common vertical shaft with the possibility of changing their position in height, while round They are enclosed by a cylindrical cup-shaped casing fixed on the uprights of the frame with the possibility of changing its position in height, windows (holes) are cut out on the casing surface and on the bottom for removing sorted fractions, from the inside of the casing there are freely rotating over the sieves in the area of large and medium fractions above the sieves wheel cutters, in front of which under the sieves are pushers of stuck tubers (root crops), made in the form of bent plates in contact with the sieve using a spring, in addition, above smoke sieve at an angle smaller than the angle of friction to the movement trajectory tubers supplied lamellar reflectors having one end attached to the housing.

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