RU2441359C2 - Device for separation of tuberous roots at rotory cup-type fraction - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: this device includes hoisting mechanism, mesh sorting tools, and its driving gear, as well as cone sorting tools mounted on vertical shaft. The shaft is vertical to a pivot pin of the bladed cylindrical hoisting drum, herewith tool base circumferences intercross with circumference of an open drum inlet. Upper tool inlet is of inverted truncated cone form with removable micromesh wall. Whereas, minor cone base is attached to the upper shaft end by wheel hubs and balance arms for free screening of no-go tuberous root fraction. Cylinder guide neck adjoins to a minor cone base rim. Base down cone with removable coarse mesh wall is mounted under truncated cone at the shaft. Fixed semicylindrical housing is mounted above a cone base edge; this housing passes into a discharge chute raised boss, one end of which is located on a semi-circumference of cone rotation plane, and its free minor end is tilted to a degree of root rolling. There is a fixed cone collector for medium size roots located under the cone base with the discharge chute under it.

EFFECT: increase in productivity and reliability.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a device for dividing root crops into fractions according to dimensional characteristics.

A device for cleaning and sorting root crops (A01D 33/08, No. 2194380). In this device, the calibrating surface is formed by round rings worn on rods placed around the circumference of the side walls of the drum. The drum is driven by a belt conveyor with a palm surface covering the drum in the area of separation of large fractions from the bottom side.

In such a device, it is inconvenient to adjust the gaps between the rings. The drive conveyor, along with impurities, carries out the components of the fine fraction. Complicated feed of the processed material to the outer surface of the drum.

In another known device (A01D 33/08, No. 2341951), the calibrating surface is formed by winding a flexible reinforced polyvinyl tube onto the generators of a cylindrical drum, a lifting and loading rotor equipped with blades is mounted concentrically on the circumference of the calibrating drum. In the coarse fraction separation zone, the helical surface of the calibrating drum is covered from below by a semi-cylindrical casing. In this device, the main disadvantages of the sorting protected by patent No. 2194380 are eliminated. However, in the process of research and testing revealed significant shortcomings. Between the semi-cylindrical casing and the turns of the calibrating drum, the tubers are pinched and damaged, while the rotation of the drum is braked. Most of the tubers from the blades of the lifting and loading rotor does not descend to the surface of the calibrating screw drum. A large fraction is collected in a narrow gap between the surfaces of the calibrating drum and the lifting and loading rotor, and sending them to the container is not so simple. Sorting performance is low.

In this regard, the claimed invention is aimed at solving the following technical problems:

- the elimination of these shortcomings;

- improving the reliability and quality indicators of the device;

- productivity increase;

- the search for unconventional ways to solve technical problems and in this regard, increasing the competitiveness of the device.

These technical results are achieved by the fact that, unlike the prototype (patent No. 2341951), the sorting working bodies are conical in shape and mounted on a vertical shaft located perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the lifting and loading blade cylindrical drum so that the circumferences of the base of the conical working bodies are crossed with the circumference of the open receiving part of the lifting and loading drum.

Sorting consists of 2 steps. The upper part of the sorting is made in the form of a truncated cone facing upward with a large base and provided with a replaceable fine-mesh mesh wall. A cylindrical guide neck is adjacent to the smaller base of the truncated cone from below, through which the large and medium tuber fractions are directed to the surface of the second sorting stage, which is a cone with a removable coarse mesh wall facing downward. Sorting working bodies are equipped with devices for receiving the passage fraction and directing them to the discharge tray.

This embodiment of the device provides a uniform distribution of root crops, heaping together with the blades of the lifting and loading drum over the surface of a rotating cone-shaped working body. In this regard, the conditions for the passage of the components of the passage fraction through the grid are improved, therefore, the sorting performance is increased.

Since root and tubers freely roll on a conical "soft mesh surface, the force (dynamic) effect on them decreases, as a result of which their damage is noticeably reduced. The task of placing unloading trays is simplified, since they can be placed on three sides in a convenient place, both horizontally and vertically. At the same time, the conditions for feeding root crops into containers (bags) and their changes are improved. Convenience for selection of substandard components from unloading trays is created.

The number of moving pairs is reduced (there are only 4 ball bearings in the device), therefore, the reliability coefficient of the device is increased and its operation is simplified.

Structural seme is technological, easy to manufacture, balanced and works silently and steadily.

Figure 1 shows a device for the separation of root crops into fractions, side view: figure 2 is a diagram of the technological process of separation of root crops.

Sorting consists of 2 steps. The upper receiving part of the sorting is made in the form of a truncated cone 1 facing upward with a large base (shown in section), equipped with a removable fine mesh mesh wall 2 and a smaller base fixed to the upper end of the vertical shaft 3 by means of knitting needles 4 and a hub 5 so that there are between the knitting needles 4 windows for free gathering of impassable root crops fraction. A cylindrical guide neck 6 is adjacent to the base rim of the truncated cone 1 from below. Under the sorting mesh wall 2, a trapezoidal discharge tray 8 is suspended on the frame.

Under the guide neck 6, on the vertical shaft 3, a second sorting stage is fixed, which is a cone 9 with a removable coarse mesh wall 10 facing downward. Above the edge of the base of the cone 9 there is a fixed semi-cylindrical casing 11, turning into the flange of the discharge tray (not visible in Fig. 1), placed at one end along the semicircle in the plane of rotation of the base of the cone 9 and tilted by the other free loaned end down by the value of the rolling angle of the tubers. Under the base of the cone 9 there is a fixed cone-shaped tuber receiver of medium size 12, and under it an unloading tray 13.

The lifting and loading cylindrical drum consists of 2 rings 14 and 15, between which 16-rectangular-shaped blades are placed with the necessary interval, the turns of a thin steel cable 17 are attached to the lateral and outer edges of the ring 17. The ring 14 is connected to the hub 18 by means of knitting needles on the key on the horizontal shaft 19. Ring 15 has no connection with the shaft.

The working bodies, the cones 1 and 9, equipped with a mesh wall, are mounted on a vertical shaft 3 located perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the lifting and loading drum in such a way that their base circles are crossed with the circumference of the drum ring 15.

The device operates as follows (for example, the separation of potato tubers into fractions).

Potato tubers on the inner surface of the lifting and loading drum are fed from the storage hopper 21 using a conveyor belt 22 (see figure 2). Manual feed of tubers is possible. The lifting and loading drum captures the tubers with blades 16 and carries them in a circular upward motion. The rotation speed is such that the tubers, having reached the upper point under the action of gravity, descend from the blades 16 along the tray to the inner surface of the truncated cone 1, equipped with a fine-mesh mesh wall 2. Since the cone 1 rotates slowly, the tuber flow arriving at its surface is dispersed and evenly distributed in a thin layer on the surface of the sorting working body (cone). The tubers, as the cone 1 rotates, roll down a spiral path. In this case, the small tubers fall (pass) through the openings of the net 2 and fall on a wide trapezoidal shape inclined discharge tray 8.

Large and medium-sized tubers through the neck 6 are directed to the coarse-mesh net surface 10 of the cone 9. The medium-sized tubers pass through the mesh holes and fall onto the surface of the fixed cone-shaped receiver 12 and, rolling along it, go to the unloading tray 13. Large tubers roll along the mesh surface cone 9. At the same time, most of the tubers descend directly onto a wide discharge tray 20 (Fig. 2), placed at one end in a semicircle in the plane of rotation of the base of the cone and tilted free m with a lent end down by the value of the rolling angle of the tubers. In the zone of intersection of the cone 9 and the lifting and loading drum, the movement of the tubers in the radial direction is limited by the fixed semi-ring casing 11. The tubers are carried in a circular motion by the rotating surface of the cone 9 and then descend onto the inclined unloading tray.

The advantages of the proposed device:

1. The ability to control the performance of sorting in a wide range due to changes in the speed of movement of the lifting and loading drum, the number of blades on this drum, the speed of rotation of the conical separating working bodies.

2. The lack of unbalanced inertial forces and low energy intensity.

3. The technological process is provided regardless of the direction of rotation of the working bodies.

4. The level of quality indicators is noticeably increasing.

5. Convenient conditions have been created for loading and unloading root crops.

6. The design scheme is seemingly bulky, but simple and technologically advanced. The economic efficiency of the device follows from the above advantages.

Claims (1)

A device for separating root crops into rotary-cup type fractions, comprising a lifting and conveying device, mesh sorting working bodies, a mechanism for driving them, characterized in that the conical sorting working bodies are mounted on a vertical shaft located perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the lifting and loading blade cylindrical drum so that the circumference of the base of the cone-shaped working bodies are crossed with the circumference of the open receiving part of the lifting uzochnogo drum; the upper receiving part of the sorting is made in the form of a truncated cone facing upward with a large base, equipped with a removable fine-mesh mesh wall and a smaller base fixed to the upper end of the vertical shaft by means of a hub and knitting needles so that between the spokes there are windows for free passage of the impassable root crop fraction and the base rim is adjoined from below by a cylindrical guide neck; under it, on the vertical shaft, a second sorting stage is fixed, which is a a nus with a removable coarse-mesh net wall facing downward, while over the edge of the base of the cone there is a fixed semi-cylindrical casing that passes into the flange of the discharge tray, placed at one end along the semicircle in the plane of rotation of the base of the cone and tilted by the free narrowed end down by the value of the rolling angle of the tubers, a fixed cone-shaped receiver of medium-sized tubers is placed under the base of the cone, and an unloading tray is located under it.

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