RU2533475C1 - High-speed method of manufacture of building products with high void ratio by volumetric vertical moulding from heterogeneous mixes, building product with high void ratio, process line for manufacture of building products with high void ratio by volumetric vertical moulding from heterogeneous mixes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: high-speed method of manufacture of building products with high void ratio provisions the volumetric vertical moulding of building products at separate forced filling of meshes with heterogeneous mixes with alternating use of vane mixers with slotted gates. Some meshes of the moulds with partitions are filled, while others are overlapped. And the meshes intended for formation of longitudinal voids, are temporarily filled with neutral cementless pulpous mix, and the meshes intended for moulding of products, are filled with liquid multicomponent concrete mix. During extraction of partitions from the mould give they are oscillated at high frequency in vertical direction, and after drying of products they are washed from pulp. Building products, such as wall panels obtained by the given method, have longitudinal voids and at least one channel intended for moulding of a concrete column of a monolithic frame of a building, and are designed with stops on side walls for installation of window openings. The process line for manufacture of building products with high void ratio is also described.

EFFECT: increase of productivity of the process line, increase of rate and quality vertical moulding and of building products from heterogeneous mixes, simplification of manufacture, tumbling and transportation of products.

27 cl, 101 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, in particular to high-performance methods for the manufacture of building products, for example panels, increased voidness using heterogeneous mixtures and the formation of longitudinal internal channels, as well as equipment for their production.

There is a method of erecting a precast-monolithic frame of a multi-storey building, including the floor-mounted installation of non-cantilevered reinforced concrete columns, placement in spans on the support racks of mounting bridges for installing prefabricated supporting elements of the supporting precast monolithic transverse crossbars of the strapping of non-cantilevered columns and formwork for forming reinforced concrete monolithic spreader longitudinal joints tying, laying on the supporting parts of the bearing precast monolithic transverse crossbars in the design position for I form floor disks of multi-hollow reinforced concrete slabs, install crossbar reinforcement, simultaneously lay high-strength concrete along the entire floor with the formation of longitudinal spacers and load-bearing precast-monolithic cross beams and monolithic with them into a single unit using concrete longitudinal seams that form the disks of cells of floor floors and multi-hollow reinforced concrete slabs supported on each supporting precast-monolithic transverse crossbar, concrete exposure, floor formwork the first floor after gaining the design strength and the rearrangement of the mounting bridges to the finished ragged floor when the next floor is being erected, the formation of each supporting precast monolithic transverse crossbar is carried out in two stages, the first of which is installed in the design position with the support on the racks of the mounting bridges their supporting elements, which use a reinforced concrete beam, forming the bottom of the fixed formwork of the upper monolithic part of the transverse crossbar, and on the second th stage, the formation of the vertical walls of the fixed formwork and the common working cavity of the bed of concrete longitudinal joints and recesses for the transverse reinforced key protrusions of the upper monolithic part of the transverse crossbar is carried out, after installation in the design position on the side stepped protrusions of the reinforced concrete beam forming one of the adjacent floor disks of adjacent floors multi-hollow reinforced concrete slabs in contact with each other and forming a bed of concrete longitudinal seams located in their lower parts lateral surfaces with symmetrical longitudinal shelves with upper profiled surfaces, and having longitudinal recesses on the upper surface of the vertical walls of the permanent formwork of the ends of multi-hollow reinforced concrete slabs for the formation of transverse reinforced key tongues of the upper cast part of the transverse crossbar (see Patent for invention RU No. 2318099, Cl. E04B 1/20, op. in 2008). The well-known rather complicated and time-consuming method of monolithic housing construction involves the construction of a monolithic frame of a building, consisting of pillars and floors, the space between which is further filled either with blocks, or brick, or panels (not executed monolithic with a frame).

There is a method of erecting a monolithic-frame building, including pouring the foundation, knitting the reinforcing structure of the first floor, filling the walls of the first floor using removable formwork, installing reinforcement of the crossbars and filling the ceilings and crossbars, knitting the reinforcing structure of the second and subsequent floors with filling the walls, installing reinforcement of the crossbars and pouring the ceilings and crossbars of subsequent floors and erecting the roof, while laying the foundation, the vertically placed reinforcing tabs and fasteners are preliminarily laid in it nid stops for removable wall formwork, and when pouring the ceilings, reinforcing tabs are knitted to the reinforcement of the lower floor walls and lay fixing stops for removable wall formwork, and the reinforcing wall structure is knitted to the reinforcing tabs, leaving vertical openings for windows and doors, then on top of the reinforcing structure the walls are vertically lowered by removable wall formwork, consisting of a hollow cover and a pallet with a factory-made wall blank in it, including at least one decorative th and at least one heat-insulating layer connected by reinforcing elements to each other, located outwardly in the decorative layer, and in the hollow cover of the removable wall formwork, have the reinforcing structure of the bearing layer of the walls, then the removable wall formwork is fixed in the fixing supports of the foundation with fixing braces and poured concrete around reinforcement inside the hollow covers of removable wall formwork, forming a concrete bearing layer of the building wall and leaving the upper zone of the removable wall formwork unfilled with concrete, approx jacent to the heat-insulating layer of the wall blank, wherein after removing the removable wall formwork on the carrier concrete layer wall in unfilled concrete upper zone a transom formwork adjacent to the wall workpiece, wherein before the last floor slab by pouring it lay the fastening elements for roof frame (see. Patent for invention RU No. 2421580, Cl. E04B 1/20, op. in 2011). This method allows you to erect monolithic-frame houses with factory exterior finish and high quality internal walls, however, it requires a significant amount of concrete work in the conditions of the construction site, which narrows the scope of its application.

A known unit for forming products from semi-dry building mixtures containing a bed of central, right and left sections joined together, on which respectively a vibrating table is mounted in the form of a fixed frame and supported on the latter by means of adjustable matrices symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis and connected to the compressed air source in terms of height and rigidity of the air support, of a vertically movable frame with circular vibration pathogens mounted on it, which contacts in the extremely upper position with technological pallet, the right and left guide tables, located opposite the longitudinal axis of the bed, respectively, with the main and additional dispensing devices for building mixtures of the main and finishing layers in the form of consumables and box feeders placed below them kinematically connected to the drives of their horizontal reciprocating movements, horizontal guides located symmetrically to the transverse axis of the bed, the front and rear ends of which are mounted respectively on the central section of the bed and the rear vertical support, mounted on horizontal guides, the drive carriage with guide bushings located symmetrically to its longitudinal axis, covering the upper and lower vertical rolling rods, on the lower ends of which are mounted a bottomless matrix associated with a synchronization parallelism of their vertical relative displacements with its generatrix the working cavity with a liner and punch, pivotally connected to the rods of the power cylinders of the actuators mounted on the carriage a store of technological pallets located along the transverse axis of the bed with a vertically movable gripper located along the vertical axis above the pallets located in it, suspended on the rod of the power cylinder, fixed by means of an arm on the central section of the bed, characterized in that it is equipped with horizontal horizontal supports mounted on the rear back support guides along the transverse axis of the bed with an auxiliary store of transport pallets with vertical m pallets with a vertically movable auxiliary gripper suspended on the rod of the power cylinder of its displacements, mounted by means of an arm on the rear support of horizontal guides, the main and auxiliary grippers - with attractive permanent magnets concentrically arranged relative to their vertical axis, in contact with the pallets located underneath, the carriage - opposite front and rear manipulators of horizontal movements of technological and transport pallets, fixed and, accordingly, on its front and rear transverse ends, the liner forming the working cavity of the bottomless matrix is made with the technological tray fixators mounted around the perimeter on its lower end in the form of attractive permanent magnets in contact with its surface, the main and auxiliary manipulators - in the form of parallel parallel L -shaped consoles with magnet electromagnets fixed on their horizontal parts in contact with the technological surfaces, respectively transport pallet, the rear vertical support of the horizontal guide is formed with a window for transport pallet passage, the thickness S technological pallet and input forces the clutch main or auxiliary gripping or forming the working cavity bottomless liner matrix with the process tray smaller than the thickness S ₁ of the transport pallet and the amount of force of each clutch from manipulators with a pallet, 3.5–6.5 and 1.2–1.5 times, respectively, and the distance T between the vertical axes of the main and auxiliary m stores of technological and transport pallets exceeds the distance T ₁ between the vertical axes of the attractive electromagnets of the front and rear manipulators of the drive carriage by 1.3-1.8 times (see Patent for invention RU No. 2280557, Cl. B28B 1/087, op. in 2006). This unit is designed for forming building panels from dry mixes, which leads to uneven wetting of the covered mixtures and the formation of air bubbles in them, while the quality of the panels decreases.

A known unit for forming products from semi-dry building mixtures containing a bed of central, right and left sections joined together, on which respectively a vibrating table is mounted in the form of a fixed frame and supported on the latter by means of adjustable matrices symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis and connected to the compressed air source in terms of height and rigidity of the air support, of a vertically movable frame with circular vibration pathogens mounted on it, which contacts in the extremely upper position with technological pallet, the right and left guide tables, located opposite the longitudinal axis of the bed, respectively, with the main and additional dispensing devices for building mixtures of the main and finishing layers in the form of feed bins and box feeders placed below them kinematically connected to the drives of their horizontal reciprocating movements, located symmetrically to the transverse axis of the bed horizontal guides, the front and rear ends of which are mounted respectively on the central section of the bed and the rear vertical support, mounted on horizontal guides, the drive carriage with guide bushings located symmetrically to its longitudinal axis, covering the upper and lower vertical rolling rods, at the lower ends of which are fastened connected with a synchronizer of parallelism of their vertical relative to each other, bottomless matrix with a generatrix its working cavity by a liner and a punch, pivotally connected to the rods of the power cylinders of the drives of their drives mounted on the carriage room, a store of technological pallets located along the transverse axis of the bed with a vertically movable gripper located above the pallets located therein, mounted by means of an arm on the central section of the bed, characterized in that it is provided opposite to the main store of technological pallets and mounted on a vertical rear support of horizontal guides an additional store of transport pallets with a drive vertical located above the pallets located in it with a movable additional grip, driven agitators, the working bodies of which are located in the cavities of the box feeders, and mounted opposite on the front and rear walls of each box feeder with shutter dampers, the main and additional grips are with attractive permanent magnets contacting concentrically located relative to their vertical axis, contacting with pallets placed beneath them, the carriage - opposite front and rear horizontal manipulators of technical and transport pallets, respectively fixed on its front and rear ends along the direction of movement, forming the working cavity of the bottomless matrix of the liner, mounted around the perimeter on its lower end by the position locks of the technological pallet in the form of attractive permanent magnets in contact with its surface, the main and auxiliary manipulators are made in the form of parallel L-shaped consoles connected by a cross-member with attractive electromagnets fixed on their horizontal parts in contact respectively, with the surfaces of the technological and transport pallets, the working body of each agitator is in the form of a box feeder located in the working cavity with a gap relative to the inner surface of its grid walls made of plates parallel to the longitudinal walls of the box feeder mounted on horizontally movable strikers passed through the windows in the longitudinal walls of the box feeder with anvils fixed on their ends, and in contact with the latter in the working position of the spring-loaded stop and kinematically associated with the drive of agitators of spring-loaded pushers mounted on the front and rear ends of the carriage symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the box feeders, the thickness S of the process tray and the adhesion forces of the main and additional grippers and the bottomless matrix of the liner with the process tray forming the working cavity being less than the thickness S (transport tray and the magnitude of the adhesion force of each of the manipulators with the pallet is 3.5–6.5 and 1.2–1.5 times, respectively, and the distance T between the vertical axes of the main and For further stores process and transport trays T ₁ exceeds the distance between the vertical axes of the electromagnets of forced front and rear drive carriage manipulators 1.3-1.8 times the distance T ₂ between the adjacent parallel plates agitator drive the working member and the height H of box feeder exceed the thickness S _{2 of the} plates of the working body of the drive agitator and the distance h from the axes of the horizontally movable impactors to the lower end of the box feeders is 1.2–6.5 and 1.5–3.5 times, respectively (see Patent for invention RU No. 2279974, Cl. B28B 1/087, op. in 2006). This unit is also intended for forming building panels from dry mixes, which leads to uneven moistening of the covered mixtures and the formation of air bubbles in them, while the quality of the panels decreases.

A known building panel is predominantly made of concrete, including longitudinal channels formed in it, rod and spirally located reinforcement covering it, characterized in that each coil of the spirally located reinforcement is made in the form of a hexagon, while the turns of each of the adjacent spirals are located between the turns of another spiral with the formation between their adjacent parallel sides of the gaps not exceeding the diameter of the rod reinforcement located in them (see patent for the invention RU No. 2033507, CL. E04C 5/06, n. 1995). This panel has sufficient strength with a lightweight version due to the formation of longitudinal channels in it. However, such a panel cannot be used in monolithic-frame housing construction, which implies the filling of the bearing monolith at the construction site.

A known installation for pressing products from building mixtures containing a movable frame with unbalanced vibrators installed by means of elastic supports on the frame with guide columns connected in the upper part by a cross member having a power cylinder mounted on it, connected by a rod to the upper movable mounted on guide columns traverse, to which with the help of elastic elements a punch is attached, coaxial with placed on it below the covering guide columns and connected with the rods of forces of new cylinders with a lower traverse with a bottomless matrix in contact through a removable pallet with a movable frame, a dispenser in the form of a feed hopper, a box feeder connected to the drive power cylinder, and a supply mechanism for interchangeable pallets, which is equipped with an auxiliary dispenser located opposite to the main dispenser, an additional a movable frame and an additional power cylinder, unbalanced vibrators are made interlocked in pairs, while the additional forces The new cylinder is mounted on the cross member relative to the vertical axis of the bed symmetrically to the main power cylinder (see Patent for invention RU No. 2112643, Cl. B28B 3/04, op. in 1998). This installation allows you to get vibrocompressed panels with longitudinal channels using dry mixes, however, its rather complicated design does not significantly increase the productivity of the installation, and the use of dry mixes leads to unevenness in the moisture treatment of the molded panel and insufficient quality of its manufacture.

The closest technical solution is a method of manufacturing concrete products, including the separate feeding of loose inert material and concrete mixture into a mold, molding and formwork of products, in which vertical partitions are placed before feeding the loose inert material in the form, forming cells closed around its perimeter, which filled with alternating cells with dry loose inert material or dry concrete mixture, and the latter is moistened after removing the vertical partitions ok (see patent for the invention RU No. 2106244, CL. B28B 1/00, op. in 1998). This method allows to obtain vibro-pressed panels with longitudinal channels of increased voidness, however, the use of dry building mixtures with gradual moistening complicates and lengthens the panel manufacturing process, requiring vibration compaction of the mixtures after they are filled into the mold. At the same time, dry mixtures can contain a lot of air, which, when concrete hardens, will contribute to the formation of large air bubbles. Which is especially undesirable in the border areas of the panel, as the presence of air bubbles leads to breaks and cracks in the panel. And the circulation of the liquid when feeding it to dry mixes can cause leaching of cement, which leads to a decrease in the markability of concrete in the lower zones of the panel.

The present invention is aimed at solving the technical problem of increasing the productivity of the technological line, simplifying the manufacture of large lightweight building panels of increased voidness with longitudinal channels while improving their quality, as well as strength and technological characteristics for the construction of a building with a monolithic frame, poured at the construction site.

The solution of the technical problem is achieved by the fact that in the high-speed method of manufacturing building products of increased voidness with volumetric vertical molding from dissimilar mixtures, which includes the sequential supply of dissimilar mixtures into different cells of a partitioned mold for the manufacture of products, the manufacture of building products by filling part of the cells with a multicomponent concrete mixture and filling the remaining cells with a neutral cementless mixture, removing partitions, forming longitudinal voids and drying of products, they perform vertical volumetric molding of building products when the cells are separately filled with dissimilar mixtures with alternate use of paddle mixers with slotted gates, while the holes of the slotted gate of one mixer are made to coincide with the corresponding cells of the molds with partitions and overlap of other cells, and the holes of the slotted gate another mixer perform matching with other cells of the forms with partitions, and the cells intended for the formation of longitudinal voids in they are filled with a neutral cementless mixture in the form of pulp, and the cells intended for the formation of products are filled with a liquid multicomponent concrete mixture, and all cells are forced to be filled by forcing a multicomponent concrete mixture or pulp through the openings of slotted gates of the respective mixers, and while removing the partitions from the mold give them high-frequency vibrations directed vertically, and after drying the products, the pulp is washed out of them. Liquid multicomponent concrete mixture is made with the addition of lightweight fillers such as expanded clay, pumice, vermiculite and others. The pulp is prepared from finely dispersed materials close in volumetric weight to the cement mortar, such as clay, loam, processed gypsum, peat, chernozem and others. The pulp is prepared with the addition of lightweight fillers such as expanded clay, pumice, vermiculite and others, so that the pulp filler matches its bulk mass to the filler of a liquid multicomponent concrete mixture. At least one longitudinal channel is formed in the products, and these channels are intended for subsequent either forming by pouring load-bearing concrete columns of the building's monolithic frame into them, or placing them in prefabricated concrete columns of the building's monolithic building frame on the floor. A two-layer product is formed using a third paddle mixer with a slit gate for manufacturing the outer hardened layer, while the cells intended to form the hardened layer are filled with a liquid multicomponent concrete mixture with a high cement content. The hardened layer is made decorative, for example, with the addition of marble or granite chips, white cement, dyes, plasticizer and other components that determine the appearance of the products. Produce temperature-free drying of products. At the same time, several building products, for example wall panels, are molded in one form. After filling the cells, a building product is evacuated to remove air bubbles. Used pulp is sent for recycling. Products are made with a margin of length and, after final drying, are cut off on both sides. On the inner side of the product in its end zone form a support platform in the form of a step over the entire width of the product.

And also the fact that the building product of increased voidness, made in the form of a wall panel, including longitudinal voids, is equipped with at least one channel, designed either to fill the concrete column of the building's monolithic frame, or to place the finished concrete column in it, and made with stops on the side walls to form window openings. It is also equipped with a support platform in the end zone, made in the form of a step facing the inner side of the product, designed to form the ceiling of the building. A channel for pouring or placing a concrete column of a monolithic frame of a building is made in a section of either round, square or rectangular shape. Channels for pouring or placing concrete columns of the monolithic frame of the building are located at the edges of the panel, and longitudinal voids are located between them. The product is equipped with an outer hardened layer.

And also the fact that in the production line for the manufacture of building products of increased voidness with volumetric vertical molding from dissimilar mixtures, containing a mixture preparation section connected to bunkers for dissimilar mixtures of the article formation section, including molds for manufacturing products located on the feeding device, movable in horizontal direction feeders associated with the bunkers, and the mechanism for the vertical movement of the partitions, the area for processing products, the area for drying products and transport The devices and feeders of the product forming section are equipped with paddle-type mixers with slotted gates designed for volumetric vertical molding of building products, the slotted gate openings of one of the mixers being made matching with the corresponding mold cells with partitions and overlapping of other cells, and the slotted slotted openings of the other mixer made matching with other cells of forms with partitions, while the partitions are connected into a single matrix, and the mechanism of vertical movement of the matrix d additionally provided with high-frequency vibrators with vertical reciprocating vibrations. The paddle mixers are equipped with opposed horizontal guides, each mixer is made with a filler neck, and one of the feeders is connected to the hopper of the multicomponent concrete mixture by means of a screw conveyor, and the discharge end of this screw conveyor is located above the working position of the filler neck of the mixer intended for filling the multicomponent concrete mix, while the feeder of the other mixer by a screw conveyor is connected to the pulp supply system, and the discharge second end of the screw conveyor is located above the working area position corresponding filler neck mixer. The site for the formation of building products is equipped with an additional paddle mixer designed to form a hardened layer with additional horizontal guides located perpendicular to the main guides, while the feeder is equipped with an additional screw conveyor, the discharge end of which is located in the working area of the filler neck of the additional mixer. A single matrix with partitions and slotted gates of paddle mixers are made with the possibility of forming several products simultaneously. The line is equipped with a section for trimming finished products and a section for washing off the pulp from building products after drying and a section for recycling pulp, including a collection and settling zone for the used pulp, connected with the system for feeding the pulp to the section for forming products. The line is equipped with a canting mechanism for finished construction products, including a carriage located on the rail guides connected with a rotary traverse equipped with vacuum suction cups. A single matrix with partitions is made in the form of a shell fixed to the frame with an external contour repeating the contours of the products, while the partitions are located inside the matrix shell with the formation of bottomless cells for pouring heterogeneous mixtures. Molds for the manufacture of building products are either detachable or opening on the side and provided with a bottom with opening sashes.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 schematically shows a production line for the manufacture of building panels with internal voids (channels), a plan view. Figure 2 is the same in isometry. Figure 3 - plot preparation of multicomponent concrete mixtures, in isometry. Figure 4 - the same, containers for concrete mixtures - silos, in isometry. Figure 5 - plot of drying and storage of the poured molds with a reversal (redirecting) rolling table, in isometry. In Fig.6 - the same, reversal (redirecting) live rolls for flooded forms, in isometry. In Fig.7 - the same, longitudinal and transverse roller tables for flooded forms, in isometry. On Fig - plot formwork and tilting finished panels, in isometry. Figure 9 is a plot of form stripping and tilting of finished panels, side view in isometric. Figure 10 is the same, the canting mechanism of the finished panels, in isometry. 11 - installation for forming building panels with longitudinal channels (voids). On Fig - the same, screw conveyors. On Fig - the same, mixers. On Fig is the same, top view. On Fig - the same, end view. In Fig.16 - section trim the finished panels. On Fig is the same, top view. On Fig - plot feed pallets. On Fig - plot stacking finished panels on pallets. In Fig.20 is a warehouse of finished panels. In Fig.21 - the same section of the overload of stacks. In Fig.22 is the same end view. On Fig - the same, the area of loading cars. On Fig shows a finished building panel, the inner side. In Fig.25 is the same, the outer side. On Fig is the same, view from the bottom. On Fig depicts a mold for the manufacture of three panels simultaneously. On Fig - the same, with the door open. On Fig - the same, the mechanism for opening the valves of the bottom of the form, the holes are open. On Fig - the same, the mechanism for opening the valves of the bottom of the form, the sash is closed. On Fig - the same vertical section of the form, the sash is open. On Fig - the same vertical section of the form, the sash is closed. On Fig - the same, bottom view on the bottom. On Fig - installation for forming building panels, rear view. On Fig - the same, front view. On Fig - the same, at the time of lowering a single matrix in the form. On Fig - the same, the matrix is omitted. On Fig - the same, the first mixer is located above the form. On Fig - the same, the second mixer is located above the form. On Fig - the same, the third mixer is located above the form. On Fig - the same, the matrix in the upper position. On Fig - the same mechanism of vertical movement of the matrix. On Fig - the same, the first mixer. On Fig is the same, the second mixer. On Fig - the same, the third mixer. On Fig - the same, the mixers are located in the idle position. On Fig - the same, the first mixer is located above the form. On Fig - the same, the second mixer is located above the form. On Fig - the same, the third mixer is located above the form. On Fig depicts a matrix in isometry, the upper part. In Fig.51 is the same, bottom view. In Fig.52 is the same, a top view. On Fig shows the design of the mixer in isometry. On Fig - the same, bottom view. On Fig shows the tilting mechanism of the finished panels, in isometry, at the time of capture of the panel. On Fig - the same in the horizontal position of the panel. On Fig - the same, the carriage of the tilting mechanism of the finished panels. N Fig. 58 is the same lifting mechanism. On Fig - the same, the traverse. On Fig shows a trolley for feeding panels to trim. On Fig - the same with the panels. On Fig - the same, the panels are fixed with clamps. On Fig - the same, end view. On Fig - the same, before trimming the panels. On Fig - the same, in processing the first panel. On Fig - the same after trimming the panels. On Fig shows the installation of stacking finished panels on pallets. On Fig - the same, traverse. On Fig - the same, rail tracks. On Fig - the same lifting mechanism. On Fig shows the plot of the collection of pulp. On Fig - the same, in longitudinal section. On Fig shows a construction site, the formation of reinforcement under the panel. On Fig - the same, the panels are worn on the armature. On Fig - the same, the installation of cornices and crossbars of the second floor. On Fig - the same, with the overlap of the second floor. On Fig - the same installation of panels on the second floor. On Fig - the same installation of crossbars of the third floor. On Fig - the same, the overlap of the third floor. On Fig - the same view of the facade. On Fig depicts a building under construction, the preliminary formation of a concrete column of circular cross section. On Fig - the same, the wall panel is put on a concrete column. On Fig - the same, the wall panel is worn on a concrete column. On Fig depicts a building under construction, the preliminary formation of a concrete column with a section in the form of a parallelepiped. On Fig - the same, the wall panel is put on a concrete column. On Fig - the same, the wall panel is worn on a concrete column. On Fig depicts a form with a panel of a tubular view of square section. On Fig is a form with a panel of a tubular view of circular cross section. On Fig - form with four flat panels. On Fig - form with a panel of complex section. On Fig - form with three panels of the T-type. On Fig - form with eight panels of a reduced type with a void square section. On Fig - form with eight panels of a reduced type with a void of circular cross section. On Fig - form with eight panels of a reduced type with a void square cross-section, located in a checkerboard pattern. On Fig - form with eight panels of a reduced type with a hollow oblong section. On Fig - a form with eight panels of a reduced type with a void rectangular shape. On Fig - form with eight panels of a reduced type with a large void rectangular shape. On Fig - form with eight panels of a reduced type with a large void square section. On Fig - form with four panels with a large void square section. On Fig - form with three ribbed hollow panels. On Fig - form with three panels of complex section and the voidness of the complex type.

A high-speed method of manufacturing building products of increased voidness with volumetric vertical molding from heterogeneous mixtures can be implemented using the processing line shown in figures 1-23, 34-72. Such a line includes a heterogeneous mix preparation section 1 connected to a hopper 2 for a liquid multicomponent concrete mixture, with a hopper 3 for a pulp and a hopper 4 for a liquid multicomponent concrete mixture with a high cement content, section 5 of the formation of building products using the volumetric vertical molding method, section 6 product processing, drying section 7 of the filled products and various transporting devices. Section 1 includes a warehouse of 8 inert materials, a weight batcher 9 of inert materials, silos 10 (vertical containers) for cement, connected by screw conveyors 11 to the concrete-mixing unit 12. The batcher 9 is connected to the concrete-mixing unit 12 by means of a conveyor 13. Screw conveyor 14 node 12 is connected to the hopper 2 for a liquid multicomponent concrete mixture of section 5. Screw conveyor 15 node 12 is connected to a hopper 4 for a liquid multicomponent concrete mixture with a high cement content of section 5. Section 5 -negative products linked via a screw conveyor 16 for pulp with suction funnel 17 of the settler 18 the pulp. The conveyor 16 is connected with the hopper 3 for the pulp using a horizontal screw conveyor 19, the input end 20 of which rests on the column 21 and is located under the output end 22 of the conveyor 16.

Bins 2, 3 and 4 are located on the upper platform 25 of section 5. The frame of section 5 is formed of reinforced concrete walls 26 and supporting columns 27 with the upper platform 25, upper frame 28 and lower flyover 29. Forms 30 for pouring heterogeneous mixtures are located on the feeding device - the conveyor 31, intended for their submission to section 5. Section 5 is equipped with a single matrix 32 with partitions 33, which form the inner bottomless cells (see Fig. 50 and 51). A single matrix 32 with partitions 33 is mounted on a frame 34 with bushings 35 and brackets 36 and has a shell 37 with an external circuit repeating the contour of building products. The shell 37 and the partitions 33 are connected with the frame 34 by means of stiffeners 38. On Fig shows the appointment of the cells (cavities) of the matrix 32 formed by the partitions 33. The cavity 39 is intended for pouring a multicomponent concrete mixture, the cavity 40 is for pouring pulp, and the cavity 41 is for pouring a multicomponent concrete mixture with a high content of cement, designed to form outer hardened layer. The matrix 32 is made movable in a vertical plane relative to the guide columns 42 located in the sleeves 35, by means of a mechanism 43 with rods 44 connected to the brackets 36 of the matrix 32. The matrix 32 is equipped with high-frequency vibromotors (vibrators) 45 mounted on the frame 34 to ensure its high-frequency vertical reciprocating vibrations when lifting the matrix 32 from the mold 30 filled with heterogeneous mixtures. Section 5 is equipped with a vacuum cap 47 with the possibility of vertical movement relative to the guide their racks 48 by means of an actuator 49 with gears 50 and racks 51. The vacuum cap 47 is connected by means of a vacuum pipe 52 to an aspiration pump (not shown).

Section 5 is equipped with several feeders made in the form of a paddle mixer 55 for feeding to the mold 30 with a matrix 32 of liquid multicomponent concrete mixture, a paddle mixer 56 for feeding the pulp and an additional paddle mixer 57 for feeding the liquid multicomponent concrete mixture with a high cement content. The blade mixer 55 has a slotted gate 58, the openings of which coincide with the location of the cavities 39 of the matrix 32 with a shape of 30. The blade mixer 56 has a slotted gate 59, the holes of which coincide with the location of the cavities 40 of the matrix 32 with a shape of 30. The blade mixer 57 has a slotted gate 60, the holes of which coincide with the arrangement of the cavities 41 of the matrix 32 with the shape 30. When the holes of the slotted gates 58, 59 and 60 coincide with the corresponding cells (cavities) of the matrix 32 with the shape 30, then other cells (cavities) at that time are blocked by those zones of the gates 58, 59, 60 where the holes are missing. For horizontal movement of the mixer 55, the guides 61 are designed in the form of extendable brackets, the mixer 56 is the guides 62, the mixer 57 is the guides 63 mounted on the foundation supports 64. The guides 61 and 62 are opposite (opposite each other from the different sides of the matrix 32), and the guides 63 are perpendicular to them. The guides 61, 62 and 63 are equipped with drives 65 for horizontal movement of the mixers 55, 56 and 57. The paddle mixer 55 has a housing 69 and blades 72 mounted on the shaft 70 with the drive 71, located above the slotted gate 58, designed to push the liquid multicomponent concrete mixture through the holes gate 58, coinciding with the location of the cavities 39 of the matrix 32 with the form 30. The edges of the blades 72 can be coated with polyurethane, increasing their wear resistance. The blade mixer 56 has a housing 69 and blades 72 mounted on the shaft 70 with the drive 71, located above the slotted gate 59 and designed to press the pulp through the holes of the gate 59, which coincide with the location of the cavities 40 of the matrix 32 with a shape of 30. The additional blade mixer 57 has a housing 69 and blades 72 mounted on the shaft 70 with the drive 71, located above the slotted gate 58 and designed to press the liquid multicomponent concrete mixture with a high cement content through the openings of the gate 60, coinciding with the location the cavity 41 of the matrix 32 with a mold 30. The mixer 55 is equipped with a filler neck 73, the mixer 56 has a filler neck 74, the mixer 57 has a filler neck 75. The design of the mixers is shown in FIGS. 53 and 54. A single matrix 32 with a mold 30 and slotted gates 58 , 59 and 60 paddle mixers 55 - 57 are configured to form multiple products simultaneously.

The hopper 2 of the liquid multicomponent concrete mixture by means of a screw conveyor 78 with a discharge end 79 is connected to the working area of casting molds 30 so that when the mixer 55 is extended to its working position, its filler neck 73 is located in the area of the discharge end 79 (see Fig. 44). The hopper 3 for the pulp by means of a screw conveyor 80 with a discharge end 81 is connected to the working area of casting molds 30 so that when the mixer 56 is extended to its working position, its filler neck 74 is located in the area of the discharge end 81 (see Fig. 43). The hopper 4 of the liquid multicomponent concrete mixture with a high cement content by means of a screw conveyor 82 with a discharge end 83 is connected to the working zone of casting molds 30 in such a way that when the additional mixer 57 is extended to its working position, its filler neck 75 is located in the area of the discharge end 83 (see Fig. 45).

The conveyor 31 is designed to transport the cast molds 30 by means of a redirecting roller table 85, a transverse roller table 86 and redirecting conveyors 87 to the drying section 7 of the cast products. Section 7 includes parallel lines of roller conveyors 88, designed for alternately feeding forms 30 to formwork, tilting and feeding finished products, in this case panels 90, to section 6 for processing. Molds 30 for the manufacture of products are either detachable (not shown) or openable on the side (see FIG. 28), for example, using a door 91 mounted on hinges 92 and provided with a bottom 93 with opening flaps 94 (see FIG. .32). The device for opening the shutters 94 includes a pivotally mounted axis 95 with a rotary handle 96. The axis 95 through levers 97 is connected with rods 98 designed to open the shutters 94 of the bottom 93.

The finished product canting mechanism 100 (see Figs. 55-59), for example of panels 90, includes a carriage 102 located on a pair of rail rails 101, connected to a pivoting traverse 103 provided with vacuum suction cups 104. Several mechanisms of canting 100 of panels 90 can be installed in parallel. depending on the productivity of the production line. Paired rail guides 101 are mounted on trusses 105, supported by beams 106 with supporting columns 107. Parallel lines of roller conveyors 88 of the product drying section 7 in molds 30 are connected to the tilting mechanisms 100 by means of a roller conveyor 108 with redirecting conveyors 109 intended for transporting molds with dried panels 90 to the mechanism 100. In parallel to the conveyor 108, a conveyor 110 for panels 90 is located. A roller conveyor 108 and a conveyor 110 are located between the support columns 107 in the area of operation of the traverse 103 with vacuum suction cups 104 (see. Figures 8-10). The carriage 102 is equipped with wheels 111 with a drive 112 for horizontal movement along the rail guides 101, a drive 113 for lifting the crosshead 103, a cable layer 114 and a frame 115 of the crosspiece 103. The frame 115 is equipped with gear racks 116 for interacting with gears 117 of the drive 113. The side thrust rollers 118 interact with the plates 119 of the frame 115 and provide its lateral stability, and the thrust rollers 120 interact with the pads 121 and protect the frame 115 from frontal deviations. In the installation zone of the crosshead 103, the frame 115 is equipped with a drive 122 for turning the crosshead 103, a vacuum pump 123 with a receiver 124 connected through pressure regulators 125 and vacuum hoses 126 with vacuum suction cups 104.

Figures 16-17, 60-66 show an article processing section 6 for trimming products (panels 90) and located near the output end of the conveyor 110 of panels 90. Section 6 includes a trolley 129 with rollers 130 for moving panels 90 and end clips 131 with drives 132. The wheels 133 of the cart 129 are designed to be moved along the rail frame 134 to the lower vertical saw 135, the end saw 136 and the horizontal saw 137. The lower vertical saw 135 is mounted on the rack 138. The pair of face saws 136 are mounted on the pair of racks 139. Horizontal drank and 137 is installed on the rack 140. In the trim zone of the panels 90 are paired waste conveyors 141, the output ends of which are installed above the transverse conveyor 142 of the trimmed waste.

The pulp washout section from finished products (not shown) may be located in the area of the grating 144 (see Fig. 71), under which there is a pulp collection area, which is longitudinal trays 145 and a transverse tray 146 connected to the underground tank - settler 18 (see Fig. 72) for settling the used pulp having a slope of 148 and a slope of 149 for draining the pulp to the intake funnel 17. To the pulp recirculation section, including the collection and settling zone of the used pulp, there is a pulp feeding system to the forming section 5 and product, including a screw conveyor 16, the input end of which is located in the intake funnel 17, and the output end is connected with a horizontal conveyor 19.

For stacking the finished panels 90 before sending to the finished product warehouse 153, a section 154 (see Figs. 18 and 19) is provided, including a bridge tilter 155 (see Figs. 67-70), designed to stack trimmed panels 90 in stacks on pallets 156 Section 154 includes a warehouse of 157 pallets 156, a roller conveyor 158 for feeding stacks of 159 pallets 156 to a bridge tilter 155, and a conveyor 160 for feeding stacks 161 of finished panels 90 on pallets 156 to a warehouse 153. Bridge tilter 155 includes 162 beams 163 mounted on supporting columns 162 with rails 164 dl horizontal movement of the bridge 165 having a running gear 166 with a drive 167 and a cable layer 168. Hydroampers 169 are installed in the end zones of the rails 164. The bridge 165 is a structure made in the form of a truss 170 with rails 171 for moving the carriage 173. The carriage 173 includes wheels 174 with the drive 175 and the cable layer 176, the frame 177 of the traverse 178 with the drive 179 lift and cable layer 180. The frame 177 is equipped with gear racks 181 for interaction with gears 182 of the drive 179. Side thrust rollers 183 interact with the overlays 184 of the frame 177 provide its lateral stability and pressure rollers 185 interact with the plates 186 and 177 protect the frame from the front deviations. In the installation area of the beam 178, the frame 177 is equipped with a drive 187 for turning the beam 178, a vacuum pump 188 with a receiver 189 connected through pressure regulators 190 and vacuum hoses 191 with vacuum suction cups 192.

The output end of the conveyor 160 for feeding stacks 161 of finished panels 90 on pallets 156 to the warehouse 153 is located in the coverage area of the overhead crane 195 with grippers 196 (see Fig. 20-23). The crane runways 197 of the bridge crane 195 are mounted on beams 198 installed along the warehouse 153 on both sides of the supports 199. The bridge 200 of the crane 195 has a running gear 201 with a drive 202 along the paths 197. On the bridge 200 there are rails 203 for moving the carriage 204 with wheels 205 and horizontal drive 206 along rails 203. Traverse 208 of the grippers 196 is positioned on the carriage 204 with the possibility of vertical movement by the drive 209. The drive 210 of the grippers 196 is located on the traverse 208. The warehouse 153 has automobile paths 211 designed for odachi 212 cars for loading stacks of finished panels 161 90 156 pallets with an overhead crane 195 with grippers 196.

Using the above-described production line intended for the manufacture of building products of increased voidness by means of volumetric vertical molding from heterogeneous mixtures and including molds 30 with a single matrix 32 and mixers 55-57, it is possible to produce various construction products, for example wall panels 90. Moreover, mold 30 with a matrix 32 is intended for the simultaneous manufacture of mainly three panels 90. FIGS. 24-26 show a wall panel 90 having longitudinal voids 215, a longitudinal channel 216, intended to o for pouring concrete column 217 of the monolithic frame of the building (see Figs. 73-80), or for placing the finished concrete column 218 or 219 in it (see Figs. 81-86). The panel 90 is made using a liquid multicomponent concrete mixture with the addition of lightweight fillers such as expanded clay, pumice, vermiculite and other similar fillers. The longitudinal voids 215 may have different sizes and different shapes in cross section. These parameters are determined based on the operating conditions and the purpose of the panels 90. To increase the thermal insulation properties of the panels, the voids 215 can be filled with any insulation, i.e. materials with increased heat resistance, both in the factory and on the construction site. The channel 216 for pouring or placing a concrete column 217, 218 or 219 of a monolithic frame of a building can be made in the section either round, square or rectangular. Channels 216 may be located at the edges of panel 90 (not shown), and longitudinal voids 215 are located between them. The panel 90 has special stops 220 on the side walls to form window openings between the panels 90 during the construction of the building. In the upper end zone, the panel 90 has a supporting platform 221, made in the form of a step, the vertical wall 222 of which is facing the inner side of the product. Site 221 is designed to form the support of the floor 223 during the construction of the building. From the outside, the panel 90 may have a hardened layer 224, poured in the manufacture of panels with liquid concrete with a high content of cement, for example high-quality concrete. The hardened layer 224 can be made decorative with the addition of marble or granite chips, white cement, dyes, plasticizer and other components that determine the appearance of the products.

Such a panel 90 has the following properties: a reinforced decorative-type layer 224 is made with a durable, weather-resistant surface of a certain color and pattern. The hardened layer 224 provides high strength to the outer surface of the panel 90. The heat-insulating properties of the panel of increased voidness provide the function of heat and noise insulation, and the panel 90 itself is a natural limiter of the future monolithic frame of the building, which form high-quality concrete through channels 216 with 225 225 vertical reinforcement time of construction of buildings.

On Fig-86 shows examples of the construction of buildings using wall panels 90, vertical reinforcement 225, transom reinforcement 226 and fastening structures 227, which allows you to form floors 223, cornices 228, balconies 229. On Fig-101 shows examples of the use of technological lines for the manufacture of various construction products.

A high-speed method of manufacturing building products of increased voidness with volumetric vertical molding from dissimilar mixtures can be implemented using the above-described production line, which makes it possible to obtain the wall panels shown in Figs. 24-26, as well as a number of other building products shown in Fig. 87 -101. This method includes a sequential vertical supply of dissimilar mixtures into different cells (cavities 39, 40 and 41) separated by partitions 33 of a vertically arranged single matrix 32 of form 30 of section 5. Dissimilar mixtures are prepared in section 1 using a concrete-mixing unit 12. In the cavity 39 of the matrix 32 serves a liquid multicomponent concrete mixture intended for forming the panel 90, in the cavity 40 serves a neutral cementless mixture in the form of a pulp intended for the formation of longitudinal voids 215 and channels 216 in the panel 90, and in the polo STI 41 serves a liquid multicomponent concrete mixture with a high cement content, intended for forming the outer hardened layer 224 of the panel 90. All the mixtures used in this technical solution can be classified as heterogeneous (multiphase, composite) having the properties necessary for a given purpose: a certain consistency and viscosity . The high-speed volumetric vertical molding of building products in molds 30 provides the alternate use of paddle mixers 55, 56 and 57 with slotted gates 57, 58 and 59, which produce forced high-speed forcing of liquid mixtures having the same volumetric mass with blades 72 from top to bottom through the holes of slotted gates 57 , 58 and 59 with quick filling with mixtures of three simultaneously formed panels 90 at the same time. Since the openings of the slotted gate 57 of the mixer 55 are made matching the corresponding cells (cavities 39) of forms 30, samples defined by certain partitions of 33 volumetric matrices 32 with simultaneous overlapping of other cells, then the blades 72, forcing the liquid multicomponent concrete mixture through the openings of the gate 57, simultaneously fill precisely those cells (cavities 39) in which three panels 90 are formed at once. According to the same principle, the pulp pushed through the openings of the gate 59, forming longitudinal voids 215 and channels 216 in three panels 90 at the same time, and the liquid multicomponent concrete mixture with a high content of cement is pressed through the holes of the gate 6 0, forming a hardened layer 224 in three panels 90 at once. All these procedures for filling the cells (cavities 39, 40 and 41) of three panels 90 take no more than 4-5 minutes. Moreover, the cells intended for the formation of longitudinal voids 215 and channels 216 are filled with a neutral cementless mixture - pulp temporarily (until the panels dry up 90). Then the pulp is washed from the panels 90, freeing the voids 215 and channels 216.

A feature of this method is that after the cells (cavities 39, 40 and 41) are completely filled, all mixtures are in a liquid (creamy) state in them. It is at this moment that the partitions 33 of the single matrix 32 are extracted using the mechanism 43. Moreover, the matrix 32, due to the vibration motors 45, at this time makes high-frequency vibrations directed vertically. Such a gradual extraction of the matrix 32 ensures the preservation of the structure of the panels 90 filled with heterogeneous mixtures. The mixtures do not mix with each other. And since they have the same bulk density, diffusion between them is practically excluded. By evacuating the molds 30, air bubbles are extracted from all mixtures by means of a vacuum cap 47, improving the quality of concrete. Then, panels 90 in molds 30 are sent for drying to section 7. Natural (temperature-free) drying of panels 90 occurs in 2-3 days, and when panels 90 are formed from quick-hardening concrete, they are dried in one day.

Since a liquid multicomponent concrete mixture is prepared with the addition of lightweight fillers such as expanded clay, pumice, vermiculite and other similar fillers, and the pulp is also prepared with the addition of the same lightweight fillers: expanded clay, pumice, vermiculite and other similar fillers, it is ensured that the pulp filler matched its bulk mass to the liquid multicomponent concrete mix filler. Due to this, the displacement of one mixture by another is excluded, the light filler may not float up. Moreover, it is preferable that the filler is the same in one and the other mixture, for example expanded clay. Using liquid expanded clay concrete and clay pulp with expanded clay for the manufacture of building products, they achieve maximum consistency of the mixtures by volumetric mass. In this case, the manufacturing quality of the products increases, the likelihood of mixing mixed in a mold 30 heterogeneous mixtures when removing the matrix 32 is significantly reduced. And as a result, the smoothness of all surfaces of the products after washing the pulp increases.

When the hardened layer 224 is made decorative with the addition of marble or granite chips, white cement, dyes, plasticizer and other components that determine the appearance of the products (not shown), wall panels 90 do not require additional decoration during the construction of buildings. From such panels 90, buildings with decorative exterior decoration are constructed having a weather-resistant surface of a certain color with a beautiful structure and drawing.

In the case where there is no need to form a reinforced layer 224 from the outside of the panels 90, a matrix 32 without cavities 41 (not shown) is used, and a mixer 57 is not used at all. This option for the manufacture of panels 90 makes it possible to further accelerate and simplify the technology for durable, lightweight, heat-resistant and cheap building products.

Washing of the pulp from molds 30 after drying of the concrete mixtures is carried out in the zone of settling tank 18. Before washing the pulps, the shutters 94 of the bottom 93 of the mold 30 are opened, allowing the pulp to pass freely through the formed holes in the bottom 93. The pulp washed out of the molds 30 along with it drains into trays 145 and 146 into settling tank 18, where it is stratified: the pulp settles along with the filler at the bottom, and the water remains in the upper layers and either flows naturally into a special tank (not shown) followed by recirculation to flush the pulp from the following forms 30, or a pump (not shown) is fed to recirculation. The settled pulp with the filler along the slopes 148 and 149 of the settler 18 is gradually shifted towards the intake funnel 17, where the screw conveyor 16 captures it and feeds it for recycling. This technology of pulp and water recycling makes it possible to use them repeatedly, which makes the process of using pulp very economical.

Using the mechanism 100 canting panels 90 (see Fig.55-59), including vacuum suction cups 104, remove the finished panels 90 from pre-open forms 30 and alternately stack them on the conveyor 110 (see Fig.8, 9 and 10) for transportation to section 6 for trimming.

Building products are made with a margin of length, for example, wall panels 90 are made with a margin of about 3 centimeters on both ends. After the final drying, the panels 90 are cut at the ends on both sides in section 6 using saws 136 (see FIGS. 16 and 17). Saw 135 is used to form the supporting platform 221 of the panel 90, and the saw 137 is used to form the vertical wall 222 of the supporting platform 221. The finished trimmed panel 90 is a product that is completely ready for installation during the construction of the building. Side stops 220 make it possible to install window openings therein after placing panels 90 at a construction site (not shown).

In section 154, the trimmed panels 90 are, using vacuum suction cups 192 of the bridge tilter 155 (see FIGS. 18 and 19), stacked in piles 161 on pallets 156, and then fed to the warehouse 153. In the warehouse 153, piles 161 of panels are moved by grippers 196 of the overhead crane 195 195 90 for storage, and, as necessary, ship the finished product to cars 212 (see Fig.20-23).

An important element of the work of the technological line for the manufacture of building products, for example panels 90, is the rhythm of its work, which consists in synchronizing the movement of forms 30, a single matrix 32, mixers 55, 56 and 57, panels 90, pallets 156 and all transporting and overturning devices along the way technological process. Such synchronization makes it possible to significantly increase the productivity of the production line, eliminates the downtime of its basic mechanisms.

The examples of the construction of monolithic-frame buildings using wall panels 90 depicted in Figs. 75-86 reflect the construction process and various advantages of building products made using this technical solution. When erecting such buildings, it is planned to form a foundation with embedded elements (not shown in the drawing) for vertical installation of reinforcement 225 under the channels 216 of panels 90 and fixing stops (not shown in the drawing) for fixing the supports of panels 90. Panels 90 having the floor height of the house being formed, with the help of a crane they lower it vertically onto the embedded elements of the foundation so that they fall into the longitudinal channels 216. The distances between the panels are determined by the dimensions of future windows. In this case, the panels 90 are positioned with the hardened layer 224 outward and vertically exposed using the fastening structure 227. The vertical dimensions of the reinforcement 225 exceed the vertical dimensions of the panel 90 so that the free ends of the reinforcement 225 serve as guides for installing the panels 90 of the subsequent floor, as well as for connecting with the reinforcement 225 subsequent floors. Longitudinal channels 216, with reinforcement 225 are poured with high-quality concrete, forming a strong reinforced concrete frame of the building.

After installing the panels 90 of the first floor of the building on the supporting platforms 221 of the panels 90, lower the bolt reinforcement 226, fill the ceiling 223 floors and fix the cornices 228 and balconies 229. When pouring the ceilings 223 between floors, all structural elements are rigidly fixed to each other: panels 90, reinforcement 225 and 226, eaves 228, completing the formation of a strong reinforced concrete frame of the building. Panels 90 on subsequent floors are exposed, fixed and poured in the same way as on the first floor. Side stops 220 panels 90 are designed to install windows (not shown). Depending on the design of the building, a different design of prefabricated windows is used, consisting of several elements laid in the openings between the panels 90, followed by sealing the joints. The inner and outer surfaces of the walls, which are prefabricated smooth panels 90, do not require additional decoration and plastering.

Due to the above properties of this method, you can vary the appearance of the building, the number of floors, the location and execution of windows, as well as the internal layout, while retaining the advantages of a monolithic-frame technology when using 90 factory-made panels. This invention allows not only to increase the strength of the frame-monolithic structure of the building, since all its vertical and horizontal elements are rigidly interconnected by reinforced concrete elements, to erect a building with a decorative appearance, which does not require insulation and noise insulation, as well as additional internal and external finishing work, but and significantly reduce weight and reduce the cost of manufacturing panels 90 and other building products through the use of increased voidness. All stages of transportation of lightweight hollow core panels 90 from the drying section 7 on the production line to the construction site with their installation on floors 223 are greatly simplified, because the movement of such light construction products does not require increased energy consumption and can improve the security of their tilting.

Thus, the technical result achieved using the claimed invention is to increase the productivity of the technological line for the manufacture of building products with increased voidness, for example wall panels, increasing the speed and quality of vertical molding of building products from heterogeneous mixtures, facilitating the manufacture, tilting and transportation of products.

Claims (27)

1. A high-speed method for the manufacture of building products of increased voidness with vertical vertical molding from dissimilar mixtures, which includes the sequential supply of dissimilar mixtures into different cells of a mold divided by partitions for the manufacture of products, the manufacture of construction products by filling part of the cells with a multicomponent concrete mixture and filling the remaining cells with a neutral, cementless mixture, extraction of partitions, the formation of longitudinal voids and drying of products, characterized in that they produce volumetric vertical molding of building products with separate filling of cells with heterogeneous mixtures with alternate use of paddle mixers with slotted gates, while the holes of the slotted gates of one mixer are made coincident with the corresponding cells of the molds with partitions and overlapping of the other cells, and the holes of the slotted gates of the other mixer are made coincident with other cells of forms with partitions, and cells intended for the formation of longitudinal voids temporarily fill the neutral cementless mixture in the form of pulp, and the cells intended for the formation of products are filled with a liquid multicomponent concrete mixture, and all cells are forced to be filled by forcing the multicomponent concrete mixture or pulp through the openings of the slotted gates of the respective mixers, and during the extraction of the partitions from the mold they are given high-frequency vibrations directed vertically, and after drying the products from them, the pulp is washed out. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid multicomponent concrete mixture is made with the addition of lightweight fillers such as expanded clay, pumice, vermiculite and others. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulp is prepared from finely divided materials close in volumetric weight to the cement mortar, such as clay, loam, processed gypsum, peat, chernozem and others. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulp is prepared with the addition of lightweight fillers, such as expanded clay, pumice, vermiculite and others, so that the pulp filler matches its bulk mass to the filler of a liquid multicomponent concrete mixture to prevent crowding out of one mixture with another and surfacing a lighter filler. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the products form at least one longitudinal channel, and these channels are intended for subsequent or formation by pouring in them of bearing concrete columns of a monolithic frame of the building, or placing in them the bearings prefabricated on the floor concrete columns of a monolithic frame of a building. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a two-layer product is formed using a third paddle mixer with a slotted gate for manufacturing the outer hardened layer, while the cells intended to form the hardened layer are filled with a liquid multicomponent concrete mixture with a high cement content. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hardened layer is decorative, for example, with the addition of marble or granite chips, white cement, dyes, plasticizer and other components that determine the appearance of the products. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that produce temperature-free drying of products. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that several building products, for example wall panels, are molded simultaneously in one form. 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after filling the cells, a building product is evacuated to remove air bubbles. 11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the used pulp is sent for recycling. 12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the products are made with a margin of length and after the final drying is cut from both sides. 13. The method according to PP.10, 13, characterized in that on the inner side of the product in its end zone form a support platform in the form of a step over the entire width of the product. 14. A building product of increased voidness, made in the form of a wall panel, including longitudinal voids, characterized in that it is provided with at least one channel intended either for pouring a concrete column of a monolithic frame of a building, or for placing a finished concrete column in it, and made with stops on the side walls to form window openings. 15. The product according to p. 14, characterized in that it is equipped with a support platform in the end zone, made in the form of a step facing the inner side of the product, designed to form the ceiling of the building. 16. The product according to 14, characterized in that the channel for pouring or placing a concrete column of a monolithic frame of the building is made in the section either round, square or rectangular. 17. The product according to 14, characterized in that the channels for pouring or placing concrete columns of the monolithic frame of the building are located at the edges of the panel, and longitudinal voids are located between them. 18. The product according to 14, characterized in that it is provided with an outer hardened layer. 19. Technological line for the manufacture of building products of increased voidness with a volumetric vertical molding of dissimilar mixtures, comprising a mixture preparation section connected to hoppers for dissimilar mixtures of the article forming section, including molds for manufacturing products located on the feeding device, horizontal movable feeders, with bunkers, and a mechanism for the vertical movement of partitions, a product processing section, a product drying section, and conveying devices va, characterized in that the feeders of the product forming section are equipped with paddle-type mixers with slotted gates designed for volumetric vertical molding of building products, the slotted gate openings of one of the mixers being made matching the corresponding mold cells with partitions and overlapping other cells, and the slotted gate openings of another the mixers are made coinciding with other cells of the forms with partitions, while the partitions are connected into a single matrix, and the vertical movement mechanism is mat Ritsa is additionally equipped with high-frequency vibrators with vertical reciprocating vibrations. 20. The line according to claim 19, characterized in that the paddle mixers are provided with opposed horizontal guides, each mixer is made with a filler neck, and one of the feeders is connected to the hopper of the multicomponent concrete mixture by means of a screw conveyor, and the discharge end of this screw conveyor is located above the working position zone of the filler neck of the mixer, intended for pouring a multicomponent concrete mixture, while the feeder of the other mixer is connected by a screw conveyor to Istemi pulp feed, and a discharge end of the screw conveyor is located above the working area position corresponding filler neck mixer. 21. The line according to claim 19, characterized in that the section for forming building products is equipped with an additional paddle mixer designed to form a hardened layer, with additional horizontal guides located perpendicular to the main guides, while the feeder is equipped with an additional screw conveyor, the discharge end of which is located in the working area of the filler neck of an additional mixer. 22. The line according to claim 19, characterized in that a single matrix with partitions and slotted gates of paddle mixers are made with the possibility of forming several products simultaneously. 23. The line according to claim 19, characterized in that it is equipped with a section for trimming finished products. 24. The line according to claim 19, characterized in that it is provided with a section for washing off the pulp from building products after drying and a section for recycling the pulp, including a collection and settling zone for the used pulp, connected with the pulp supply system to the section for forming the products. 25. The line according to claim 19, characterized in that it is equipped with a tilting mechanism of finished building products, including a carriage located on the rail guides connected with a rotary traverse equipped with vacuum suction cups. 26. The line according to claim 19, characterized in that the single matrix with partitions is made in the form of a shell fixed to the frame with an external contour repeating the contours of the products, while the partitions are located inside the matrix shell with the formation of bottomless cells for pouring heterogeneous mixtures. 27. The line according to claim 19, characterized in that the molds for the manufacture of building products are made either detachable or opening on the side and provided with a bottom with opening wings.

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