RU2392394C2 - Standard structural curb block - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: standard structural curb block made of fine-grained concrete comprises parallel external face and back longitudinal walls joined by three partitions. Longitudinal walls and connecting partitions are reinforced with common spatial reinforced frame, at the same time extreme end partitions are not concreted, and there is an opening provided in the middle one.

EFFECT: reduction of material and labour expenses for curb works, increased solidity, earthquake resistance, heat and sound insulating properties of building and structure walls, improved quality of works.

8 cl, 5 dwg

Description

State of the art

The invention relates to the field of construction of insulated and cold walls of low and multi-storey buildings and structures, built-in reinforced concrete frames, as well as foundations, columns, beams, retaining walls in a monolithic reinforced concrete version using structural formwork blocks.

Characteristics of analogues

Known hollow block prefabricated monolithic structures SU (II) 1346742, A J (51) 4 Е04С 1/08, 1/10, publ. 10.23.87, including longitudinal and transverse walls that bound the internal cavity and having locking protrusions on the outer faces of the transverse walls, it is provided with a bottom. The total area of the holes in the bottom is 30-80% of the bottom area. The transverse walls on top have one slot for skipping horizontal reinforcement. Four holes are provided for skipping vertical reinforcement rods at the bottom corners. The cavities of the blocks are filled with concrete or a foamed insulating mixture.

The disadvantages of this block include:

- the complexity of the manufacture of blocks;

- the concrete block has no reinforcement with the exit of the rods into the voids;

- transverse walls and the bottom prevent the installation of blocks in compliance with the condition of shifting the upper row by half of the block when they are installed between the rods of the vertical reinforcement of the walls, the lower part of which is brought into the foundation, and the upper is intended for embedment in the seismic belt at the level of overlapping of the upper floor;

- the presence of the bottom, while concreting several rows at the same time, does not allow for high-quality concrete compaction;

- the transverse partitions of the block divide the concrete walls into many isolated sections, reducing their solidity;

- the block in the walls can only be used as an ordinary;

- the size of the block is not subordinate to the size of the brickwork;

- the front side of the block has no finish.

Known fixed formwork SU 1559074, 5 ЕСС 9/10, publ. 04/23/90, where the opposing panels of fixed formwork are connected in the recesses on the upper faces of the panels and are fixed in them with the help of removable clamps that protrude above the boards at half their height.

The disadvantages of fixed formwork include:

- installation of the formwork in the design position is reduced to the manual assembly of panels using rods. This increases the overhead of installation work;

- material for the manufacture of fixed formwork with the properties of nails is more advantageous to use only for the manufacture of removable, reusable formwork, because after setting concrete, it cannot work as part of the design structure;

- the front side of the formwork is not invoice;

- the dimensions of the blocks are not subordinate to the size of the brickwork.

-образного элемента.Known wall formwork element SU 1733593 A1, 5 ЕСС 1/18, publ. 05/15/92, bull. 18. The formwork element consists of two parallel walls offset along the longitudinal axis and connected by a partition at an angle of 120 ° ÷ 140 ° to the walls with the formation

-shaped element.

The disadvantages of the wall formwork element include:

- the formwork element of fine-grained concrete does not have reinforcement with the exit of the rods into the voids;

- the location of the partition at an angle of 120 ° ÷ 140 °, compared with the angle of 90 °, increases its length, leads to cost overruns;

- connecting partitions cut concrete walls into many isolated sections, reducing the solidity of the wall;

- the front surface of the formwork element is not invoice;

- the dimensions of the element are not subordinate to the dimensions of the brickwork.

Known fixed formwork SU 1629435 A1, 5 E04C 9/10, publ. 02/23/91, intended for the production of formwork. Formwork consists of fixed plates connected by tube ties. Slabs are made of monolithic reinforced concrete separately. The ends of the spacing tubes are made in the form of rods and pinched between the conical surface of the embedded part and the locking cone by the compression method P. The cavities between the plates are filled with insulation.

The disadvantages of fixed formwork include:

- knots of connection of plates excessively metal-intensive;

- bilateral collets, due to the cutting of the ends, reduce the cross-sectional area of the connecting tubes by about half;

- hollow metal connecting tubes and their fasteners are conductors of cold, which significantly reduce the thermal properties of the walls, interfere with the installation of reinforcing products;

- it is more profitable to replace the collet joints with electric welded ones;

- this fixed formwork at the location in the walls acts only as an ordinary block;

- the formwork is not subject to the size of the brickwork;

- the front surface is not opaque.

Characterization and criticism of the prototype. A known prototype is a wall formwork block, SU 1625967 A1, 5 EV 2/18, publ. 02/07/91, bull. 15. The formwork unit for the purpose can be attributed to the prototype. It consists of three thin-walled longitudinal walls: external, internal, back, interconnected by means of five transverse concrete walls, which have protrusions of 15 ÷ 20 mm. Between the walls formed sections for backfilling with insulating material and sections for pouring concrete.

The disadvantages of the shuttering block prototype include:

- a block of fine-grained concrete is difficult to manufacture;

- the block of fine-grained concrete does not have reinforcement. The integrity of the block at the stage of manufacturing the storage, transportation and filling of voids with concrete is ensured by the tensile strength of concrete, and this is not enough;

- partitions impede the installation of the block (with the upper row shifted by half the block) in the presence of vertical wall reinforcing rods, the lower ends of which are placed in a monolithic foundation, and the upper ones are designed for termination in a seismic belt above the located floor;

- the transverse partitions of the block cut concrete walls into many isolated sections, reducing their solidity;

- the issue of wall insulation in the area of monolithic reinforced concrete racks has not been resolved;

- the device of the internal longitudinal wall can be eliminated if, first, the concrete part of the wall is made using inventory formwork, the remaining space is filled with loose thermal insulation material;

- the size of the block is not subordinate to the size of the brickwork;

- the front surface of the formwork element is not invoice.

The objectives achieved by the invention.

Cheaper construction, reduced material and labor costs for formwork, simplified construction, increased solidity, seismic resistance of heat and sound insulating properties of building walls, improving the quality of work.

Disclosure of invention

The invention relates to the following.

1. The longitudinal walls and transverse connecting partitions are reinforced with a common spatial reinforcing cage, the end end partitions of the block are not concrete, the middle has an opening. End reinforcement of blocks crosses the formed voids in the walls. After reinforcing walls, laying concrete, setting it, the block loses the role of formwork and acquires the functions of a supporting element, the working reinforcement of which is taken into account when calculating the reinforcement of the design structure, which includes the block. The resistance of the concrete block to the compressive and shear forces is also taken into account. Since material and labor costs are associated with the construction of structures provided by the project, this formwork method is cost-free.

In an unreinforced formwork element (prototype), the strength at the stage of manufacture, transportation, storage, installation is ensured only by the resistance of the concrete to shear, tension, compression, which is insufficient. The formwork element (prototype) can only be used as a formwork, without gaining the functions of the supporting element.

2. In order to increase the seismic resistance of buildings and structures, the block design provides for the possibility of mounting between previously installed rods of vertical wall reinforcement, the lower ends of which are concreted in the foundation, the upper ends are designed to be sealed in the seismic zone of the ceiling of the upper floor with observance of the displacement of the upper row by half of the block, without implementation new typoblocks. Using a formwork element (prototype) with five transverse partitions, such a task is not feasible.

3. In order to insulate the walls, polystyrene plates with a thickness (according to the heat engineering calculation) are attached to the inner side of the outer longitudinal wall of the block. The remaining volume of voids, after reinforcement, is poured with concrete. This decision eliminates the need for a middle longitudinal wall provided by the prototype.

4. The horizontally and vertically located voids resulting from the masonry of the walls can be used to place the calculated monolithic-reinforced concrete earthquake-resistant frame in them. The rest of the voids are filled with heat and sound insulating material. When applying the formwork element (prototype), such a task is not feasible.

5. With the aim of introducing complex structures in the construction and expanding architectural capabilities, the block size is subordinate to the size of the brickwork. The formwork element (prototype) cannot be used together with brickwork, because its size is not provided.

6. Reinforcement of longitudinal walls and connecting partitions allows to reduce their thickness, reduce concrete consumption, reduce the mass of walls, increase their earthquake resistance. The strength of the unreinforced formwork element is ensured by increasing its mass. Paragraphs 2-6 determine the conformity of the declared decisions with the criterion of "novelty", paragraphs 1 - "significant differences".

The implementation of the invention

In Fig.1 shows a structural formwork block - ordinary. The block contains parallel outer (front) 1 and rear 2 longitudinal walls connected by partitions 3. The walls and partitions are reinforced with a common spatial frame 4. The extreme partitions are not concrete. The front surface of the outer longitudinal wall has a finish of 5, with the device around the perimeter of the rectangular bevel edges. For skipping and fixing the rods of monolithic elements ⊥ location provided holes 6.

In the middle partition there is an opening 7. The unit is equipped with mounting loops 8, which after installation of the unit are connected in the transverse direction by electric welding. To eliminate obstacles to the installation of the block between the elements of vertical wall reinforcement, in the center of the bearing layer, a point of biting and bending of the reinforcement is outlined 9. At the opposite end, the longitudinal walls, at the time of installation, are subjected to a thrust force.

The construction of earthquake-resistant monolithic reinforced concrete walls of structures with the simultaneous installation of the bearing and insulation layers is carried out according to the scheme of figure 2. The wall is divided into captures. After installing the blocks on the first grip in the horizontal channels formed during the laying of the blocks, elements and flat reinforcing products are wound: 14 for walls, 15 for the seismic belt in the required quantity for the first and second grips.

After installing the blocks on the second gripper, the required number of reinforcing products from the first gripper moves to the second. Using the rods 16, an enlargement assembly is performed, FIGS. 2, 4. The installation of the blocks is carried out in the following way: the upper row is laid on each bottom row, end to end, dry, with an offset of half the block, the laying direction changes in each row.

The blocks are installed so that the elements of vertical reinforcement of the walls 10 previously embedded in the foundation 12 are located along the longitudinal axis of the bearing layer at a distance of 0.25L of the block according to FIGS. 2-5.

The installation of blocks begin, for example, from left to right. The left end face of the block is pushed onto element 10. The armature of the frame 4 bites, in compliance with the rigidity of the block, at point 9. The ends are bent so that it becomes possible to install the block in the design position. In the places of contact of the rods of the horizontal reinforcement of the walls 14 with the element of the vertical reinforcement of the walls 10, the intersections are fastened with a knitting wire, Fig. 5. After installing the block, the ends of the bent rods 4 return to point 9. Subsequently, the joint is poured with concrete.

By analogy, the device of the seismic belt is produced 13. At the same time, reinforcing products 15 for beams 17 are installed under the ceiling 18. The ends of the reinforcing products are brought into the holes 6 of the block. Subsequently, the joint is poured with concrete.

Next, a device for the insulation layer is manufactured by installing and attaching to the inner surface of the outer (front) longitudinal wall 1 of polystyrene boards 19 of FIG. 4. The remaining space is used for the device of the bearing layer and is poured with concrete 20.

A wall insulation device with a monolithic warming mixture is made as follows. First, at the rear walls, using inventory formwork, a monolithic reinforced concrete bearing layer is performed. After setting the concrete and removing the formwork, the space to the front longitudinal walls is filled with a monolithic warming mixture.

The joints of the blocks on the outside are wiped with waterproof mastic.

Comparison table for BER with the existing prototype - wall formwork block SU 1625967.

Content Elements Number of items Object of invention Prototype Saving items - longitudinal walls 2 3 one - transverse partitions one 5 four

Savings in the content of elements in the object of the invention BER when compared with the prototype is 5 elements. This achieves a reduction in material and labor costs during construction using BER.

The contents of the drawings

Figure 1 - Private BER.

Figure 2 - Installation diagram of the blocks.

Figure 3 - View of the plan aa in figure 2.

Figure 4 - Section bB in figure 3.

Figure 5 - Section bb in an ordinary BER (figure 1).

Explanation of the elements

1 - Outer front longitudinal wall

2 - Rear longitudinal wall

3 - Cross connecting wall

4 - Spatial reinforcement cage

5 - Finish

6 - Holes in the back wall

7 - Opening

8 - Mounting loop

9 - Rebar bite point

10 - Vertical wall reinforcement

11 - Vertical spatial reinforcing cage

12 - Foundation

13 - Seismopoyas

14 - Horizontal element reinforcing walls

15 - Flat reinforcement

16 - Connecting rod

17 - Monolithic reinforced concrete beam ⊥ location

18 - Overlap

19 - Plate polystyrene or concrete, polystyrene insulation mixture

20 - Monolithic concrete of the bearing layer

Claims (8)

1. Structural formwork block ordinary of fine-grained concrete, containing parallel external front and rear longitudinal walls connected by three partitions, characterized in that the longitudinal walls and connecting partitions are reinforced with a common spatial reinforcing cage, while the end end partitions are not concrete, and in the middle there is aperture. 2. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of formation during the laying of the walls of hollow vertical and horizontal channels for the location of insulation, reinforcing products, concrete pouring. 3. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing rods of the spatial frame go into the voids of the block. 4. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a load-bearing element of the walls. 5. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to form hollow vertical and horizontal channels when laying the walls for the installation of an earthquake-resistant building frame in them. 6. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the holes in the back longitudinal wall are made for the passage of reinforcement. 7. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that its width and height are equal. 8. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the front side of the outer longitudinal wall has a finished surface.

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