US2882712A - Preformed and bonded masonry wall structure - Google Patents

Preformed and bonded masonry wall structure Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2882712A
US2882712A US515889A US51588955A US2882712A US 2882712 A US2882712 A US 2882712A US 515889 A US515889 A US 515889A US 51588955 A US51588955 A US 51588955A US 2882712 A US2882712 A US 2882712A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
wall
concrete
slabs
panel slabs
panel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US515889A
Inventor
John A Carlson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US515889A priority Critical patent/US2882712A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2882712A publication Critical patent/US2882712A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/52—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities the walls being characterised by fillings in some of the cavities forming load-bearing pillars or beams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0232—Undercut connections, e.g. using undercut tongues and grooves

Definitions

  • applicant has given special thought and consideration to achieve a superior and unique construction for the purpose of building houses and other types of buildings durable against the most destructive elements such as tornado, hurricane, earthquake, and windstorm as well as to provide a shatterproof construction to minimize danger to life and damage to property in the event of enemy attack. Moreover, it is reproof, vermin proof and permanent in nature, providing a building of maximum strength with only a minimum of material. With all of these advantages, applicants ⁇ invention yet presents a structure competitive in material and erection costs with standard types of frame building construction of equivalent size. Furthermore, being fully insulated, it produces a construction that is cool for hot climates and warm in cold climates and absolutely proof against outside moisture.
  • This construction provides walls of precast reinforced concrete vmembers and reinforced poured concrete.
  • the precast members ⁇ are simple to form and are easily and quickly assembled resulting in a sound bonded and practical wall. construction.
  • the members are interlocked with special-ly designed metal rods and fixtures and are then securely bonded together horizontally by embedding their bases in footings and by' poured reinforced concrete girders along the top of the wall.
  • Pilasters are obtained by pouring concrete into prearranged molds formed mostly of the precast members themselves. Such pilasters may be formed at intervals from corner to corner or to points adjacent the Ajoinder of a partition wall and an outside wall.
  • Fig. 1 is an elevational View of the inner surface of a panel slab.
  • Fig. 2' is a top end view of Fig. l.
  • Fig. 3 is a bottom end view of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a vertical cross sectional view of an exterior wall prior to completion with poured concrete.
  • Fig. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an interior '2,882,712 PatenteclApr. 2l, 1.9.59
  • Fig. 6 is a slightly enlarged partial vertical section taken on line 6 6 of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 7 is an elevational View illustrating the surface side of a panel slab, the reverse or inner side being illustrated in Fig'. 1.
  • Fig. 8 is a slightly enlarged cross section on lines 8 8 of'Fig; l.
  • Figs. 9 and l0 illustrate in horizontal cross section, an exterior wall and an interior partition wall respectively.
  • Fig. ll is a vertical view longitudinally and centrally of a Wall, takenk on line 11-11 in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. l2 is an enlargement of Fig. 9.
  • Fig. 13 is a side elevation of aclamping fixture arrangement.
  • Fig. 14 is an end View of Fig 1-3.
  • Fig. 15 is an end View of' a girder forming member and cover.
  • Fig. 16 is a perspective view illustrating concrete panel slabs in position embedded in footings and top girders after concrete has been poured and' forms removed resulting in. an exterior wall.
  • Fig.. 17 is a perspective view illustrating concrete panel slabs in position embedded in footings and top girders after concrete has been poured and forms removed resulting in an interior partition wall.
  • Fig. 18 is a side elevation of a wall taken in the center of the wall after the concrete has been poured and'rnore clearly shows the top concrete girder, bonding studs, pilasters and footing construction according to this invention.
  • Fig. 19 is a horizontal cross section of an exterior wall corner.
  • Fig. 20 is an enlarged horizontal cross section of; an interior partition wall at the level of the reinforcing ribs.
  • Fig. 2l is an enlarged horizontal cross section view of an exterior wall showing insulation and concrete bonding studs.
  • Fig. 22 is a horizontal cross sectional view showing a partition wall joining an exterior Wall.
  • Fig. 23 is a top view illustrating forms and methods of providing necessaryv variation take-up joints for an interior partitionwall.
  • Fig. 24 is a top view similar to Fig. 23 but for the exteriory walls.
  • Figs. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8 there is illustrated precast concrete panel slabs 15 and 40.
  • the surfaces 16 on both are smooth, or may be slightly roughened if desired for finishing With stucco or plaster for its better adherence.
  • panel slabs 15 and 4t in design and with respect to the molded detail on their rear or inner surfaces are the same.
  • Panel slabs 15 are used on the interior side of an outer wall, and are also used back to back in interior partition walls.
  • Panel slabs 40 with the same molded detail are cast in a mold or form, the bottom of which, has been designed for the insertion of furring strips 41 and 42. These furring strips are laid in their respective positions in the form or mold. Reinforcing wire is provided on the surface of the furring strips 41 and 42 over which the concrete is poured, so that the furring strips adhere to the panel slabs after their casting has been completed. These furring strips 41 and 42 facilitate the fastening to themthe panel slabs as the wall is erected. After the insulation material has been attached the panel slabs 40 are ready for the exterior side of an exterior wall.
  • top edges 21 ⁇ of both types of panel slabs 15 and 40 are beveled upwardly from the front surface 16 toward the rear to form a dovetail joint to lock the tops of the panel slabs into the poured concrete top girder.
  • the tops of the panel slabs 15 and 40 are valso reduced in width providing notched corners 23 and 25, the purpose for which will be explained later.
  • the front surfaces 16 of panel slabs 15 and 40 are generally smooth but may be roughened if desired to better adhere stucco or other finishes.
  • the rear sides 17 however are provided with integrally formed cross ribs 28, 29 and 30 which extend horizontally across the panel slabs at the top, center and bottom.
  • the sides are provided with longitudinal ribs 27. All of these ribs are spaced inwardly from the edges of the panel slabs providing a margin 19.
  • the outer edges of the lateral ribs 27 are formed in the shape of a V 24 (see Fig. 8) and the upper edge 22 of the top cross ribs 29 slope downwardly and inwardly toward the front surface 17 of the slab.
  • a molded groove 33 Near the base of and crossways of the panel slabs 15 and 40, is a molded groove 33. When the panels are set ush back to back for an interior partition wall, the grooves 33 together provide a hole for tie rods. The base of the panel slabs 15 and 40 are also reduced in width a shown at 32.
  • Fig. 4 there is illustrated the position in an outer Wall of panel slabs 15 and 40 relative to footing forms. It also shows the top girder forms in position.
  • the footing forms 50 comprise parallel retaining members 51 and 52 which may consist of planking, steel channels or the like, uniformly spaced apart by means for a separator tube or pipe 53.
  • the relative positions of the retaining members 51 and 52 are securely maintained by a tie rod 54 extending through the tube 53 and bores in the retaining members 51 and 52, after nuts 55 on either side have been tightened.
  • suitable inner and outer washers are employed between the tubes or pipes 53 and the planking 51 and 52 and between the planking and the nuts 55.
  • an angle iron 57 is secured, preferably by welding, to the tubes or pipes 53.
  • Another angle iron 58 rests on the tubes or pipes 53 and parallels the angle iron 57 but is not secured, so that its position may be adjusted relative to the lixed angle iron 57.
  • This adjustment is accomplished by cross bolts 92 which extend through bores previously drilled in the angle irons and spaced to coincide with openings provided by the reduced bottom ends 32 -of the panel slabs 15 and 40.
  • Two panel slabs 15 and 40 are placed back to back between the channel like angle irons 57 and 58 and intermediate a pair of cross tie bolts 92 which, after the panel slabs have been plumbed true, are tightened to securely hold them between the angle irons.
  • To these erected panel slabs another pair of panel slabs 15 and 40 are placed side by side, the square edges 20 of each abutting together. Their reduced bases 32 are positioned between the next pair of cross tie bolts 92 which are put in place and tightened.
  • tie rod 75 (see Fig. 11) threaded on either end, is placed centrally within the wall between panel slabs 15 and 40.
  • This tie rod is approximately 3A of an inch shorter than the width of the panel slabs and is anchored to .the next adjacent pair of panel slabs.
  • An anchor bar 73 in Ithe form of a channel and provided with a centrally located bore is fitted over the free threaded end of the bar 75 in a relatively horizontal posi tion within the reduced upper corners 23 of the panel slabs.
  • This bar 73 is in length slightly less than the thickness of the wall and bears against the reduced portions 23 of the panel slabs after a sleeve nut 74 has been threaded onto the tie bar 75. In this manner, adjacent pairs of panel slabs are drawn tightly together. This procedure continues in repeated sequence top and bottom until :a wall between at least two pilasters has been erected.
  • the anchor bars 76 along the bottom of the wall are positioned within and bear against the reduced portions of the panel slabs. These lower bars 76 may be in length greater than the thickness of the wall to better cross brace the walls by engaging the concrete of the poured footings.
  • a thin steel angle iron 72 or 81 may be placed over the two sloping upper horizontal ribs 22 of the panel slabs 1S and 40 for an exterior wall, and the panel slabs 15 in a partition wall.
  • This sheet metal angle or angle iron in length extends only between one bonding stud 60 and another in the exterior wall, and from one bonding stud 61 to another bonding stud 61 in a partition wall, thus permitting the poured concrete in the bonding studs and pilasters to form a monolithic bond with the concrete poured above the angles 72 and 81 to form a continuous concrete top girder.
  • angle irons or sheet steel angles act as a cover preventing water from the wet concrete from running down between the various panel slabs, and in the case of the exterior wall, this cover protects the insulation material from becoming water soaked.
  • the angle steel cover may be omitted, particularly where no insulation is involved.
  • Continuous top wall girders 62 and 63 are formed in part utilizing a form structure similar to that described in connection with the footing forms 50.
  • members 64 and 65 for exterior wall construction are drawn together against the face surfaces of the upper ends of panel slabs 15 and 40 and against a spacing ferrule or tube 68 by means of a tie rod 69 extending through holes bored in the form members 64 and 65 and the ferrules or tubes 68.
  • Suitable washers and nuts secure the forms in the same manner as described with reference to the setting up of the footing forms 50.
  • the spacing ferrules or tubes 68 rest on the top edges 25 and in the reduced upper corners 23 of the panel slabs 15 and 40.
  • Steel reinforcing is incorporated into the top girder to be poured according to accepted strength standards.
  • This procedure of supplying girder forms for the top of the exterior wall is repeated in every detail with re spect to forms for the top girder of the partition walls, the thickness of the partition wall girder being somewhat less.
  • top and bottom forms are thus in place and a nal check is made to insure that the various panel slabs are plumb, concrete Vis then poured ⁇ in the footing forms, the forms provided by the juncture of pairs of panel slabs themselves, and the top girder forms. All the tie rods 75 and anchor ybars 73 and 76 are thereby submerged and embedded vin the concrete both top and bottom, adding additional reinforcing material thereto and assuring the lock-bonding of the precast members and 40, resulting ina continuous solid monolithic construction.
  • the height of the walls can be varied somewhat by the height of the top girder forms used.
  • Figs. 9 and l0 illustrate the difference in the horizontal cross section of exterior walls and interior partition walls.
  • Fig. 9 also shows the air spaces 43, provided by the molded shape of the inner or back sides of panels 15 and 40. This air space extends from cross ribs 29'to the center rib 28, down to the base 30, thus adding greatly to the insulation value of the' wall, because these air spaces 43 are on both sides ofthe insulation material 45 near the center of the wall.
  • Fig. 16 in perspective illustrates the panel slabs in position after the footings-and top girder have been poured and the forms removed, comprising a section of exterior wall construction. It shows with clarity the purpose of the angle iron 72 which covers the center joints between the two panel slabs, and forms the bottom of the top girder. It also shows the purpose for the top beveled or sloped ends 21 and 25 of the panel slabs to more securely bond top edges of panelslabs 1'5 and 40 with the top concrete girder, in ay dovetail manner. It further illustrates the finished footings,vand shows how lthoroughly the bases of the panel slabs 15 and 40v have been ernbedded in the footings.
  • Fig. 17 illustrates the same general principle of concrete footing and top girders, in fact identical to Fig. 16 excepting that it illustrates a partition wall section.
  • Fig. 18 more clearly shows the reinformed concrete girder, pilaster, bonding studs and footing type of construction in connection with panel slabs.
  • Fig. 19 shows a corner pilaster, in relation to two exterior wall sections, and also illustrates corner plank forms to complete the corner mold or form, which when filled with concrete lock-bonds the two adjoining wall sections together.
  • Fig. 20 shows the proper positions of the partition wall panel slabs 15 back to back, with all four lateral edges butting together, providing the self contained form which when filled with concrete lock-bonds these panel slabs with a concrete bonding stud 16.
  • Fig. 22 illustrates a part of two exterior wall sections, adjoining an interior partition wall. It also shows a steel plate 102 which, with two exterior wall sections and the interior partition section completes a mold or form for the making of an exterior wall partition pilaster when poured with concrete.
  • Figs. 23 and 24 illustrate a method for attending to any variation that may arise in the walls between two given points. This is taken care of by the placing of a steel form plate on either side of the wall and filling the resultant space with concrete 87 and 86. It will be noted in these two Figures 23 and 24 that when the concrete has filled this mold or form, it too will lock-bond the adjoining ends of the panel slabs into a solid monolithic concrete construction.
  • prising precast members each in the form of elongate concrete panel slabs extending vertically the height of an entire story, each of said panel slabs having a face surface and an inner surface, the inner surfaces being provided with longitudinal and cross ribs, the longitudinal ribs at least being spaced inwardly from the lateral edges of the inner surfaces thereby defining inner surface marginal portions, said lower marginal portions being relieved, footing form cross supports, a retaining piece running transverse and fixed to said cross supports, a second retaining piece running parallel to the said fixed retaining piece and adjustably spaced from the fixed retaining piece, a plurality of pairs of said panel slabs each pair positioned with their ribbed inner surfaces facing one another, adjacent pairs arranged with their lateral sides in contact, the lower ends of said plurality of pairs of panel slabs extending between said retaining pieces, threaded rods and nuts extending between the retaining pieces through said lower relieved marginal portions for securing the lower ends of said plurality of pairs of panel slabs therebetween,
  • top girder form cross supports resting in the notches in the upper corners of the panel slabs for receiving top girder forms along the upper portion of the face sides of said panel slabs and extending above the top edges thereof, and poured concrete footings embedding the bases of all of said panel slabs at least to the height of said relieved lower marginal portions thereof, the footing form cross supports, retaining pieces, the anchor bars, tie rods and sleeve nuts poured concrete filling the vertical spaces between laterally abutting pairs of said panel slabs, said spaces being defined by said inner surface marginal portions and said longitudinal ribs, and.
  • top girder cross supports forming at least in part a top girder further bonding together said precast panel slabs due to angular girder bottom formed by the sloping upper surfaces of the upper cross ribs of the panel slabs, all of said poured concrete lock bonding adjacent precast members together with all mechanical securing and retaining means into a unitary assembly.
  • a wall construction as claimed in claim l including insulation material disposed between the pairs of panel slabs and in which the top edges of the panel slabs are beveled downwardly and outwardly, and an angle shaped steel member conforming substantially to the angle of the bevels of the top surfaces of the upper ribs interposed between the top surfaces of said upper ribs and the poured concrete top girder, for adding further reinforcing steel within the top girder of the wall and for capping the insulation material interposed between the pairs of panel slabs, preventing the wet poured concrete of the top girder from damaging the insulation material prior to its setting.
  • a wall construction for buildings including a monolithic framework of concrete reinforced with steel, comprising precast members each in the form of elongate concrete panel slabs extending vertically the height of an entire story, each of said panel slabs having a face surface and an inner surface, the inner surfaces being provided with longitudinal and cross ribs, the longitudinal ribs at least being spaced inwardly from the lateral edges of the inner surfaces thereby defining inner surface Amarginal portions, said lower marginal portions being relieved, footing form cross supports, a retaining piece running transverse and fixed to said cross supports, a second retaining piece running parallel to the said fixed retaining piece and adjustably spaced from the xed retaining piece, a plurality of pairs of said panel slabs each pair positioned with their ribbed inner surfaces facing one another, adjacent pairs arranged with their lateral sides in contact, the lower ends of said plurality of pairs of panel slabs extending between said retaining pieces, securing means comprising anchor bars extending crosswise of the pairs of panel slabs and bearing against relieved marginal portions thereof

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Description

April 21,1959` l J. A. CARLSON FREFoRI/IED AND BoIIpED II/IAsoNRY WALL STRUCTURE Filed June 16, 1955 G4 es s sheetsu-svheet 1 FIGG` 2' FIG. 7
FIG.'I 8
j; 24 FIG. Io
INVEN TOR.
JOHN A. CARLSON ATTORNEY FIG.- II
res
April 21, 1959 I FREFORMED AND BONDED MASONRY WALL STRUCTURE Filed June 16, v1953 J. A. CARLSON 2,882,712
3 Sheets-Sheet 2 JQHN A. CARLSON my ATJQBNEY April 21, 1959 J. A. CARLSON 2,882,712
PREFORMED AND BONDED MASONRY WALL. STRUCTURE Filed June 16, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 fIs.
1N VEN TOR. JOHN A. CARL SON www,
ATTORNEY United PREFORMED AND BONDED MASONRYv WALL STRUCTURE John A. Carlson, MillValley, Calif. Application June 16, 195s, serial No. 515,889 4 claims. (ci. 72-16) This invention concerns building construction of concrete and steel, and more specically provides a new approach in a combination of precast members and reinforced poured concrete.
In the development of this invention, applicant has given special thought and consideration to achieve a superior and unique construction for the purpose of building houses and other types of buildings durable against the most destructive elements such as tornado, hurricane, earthquake, and windstorm as well as to provide a shatterproof construction to minimize danger to life and damage to property in the event of enemy attack. Moreover, it is reproof, vermin proof and permanent in nature, providing a building of maximum strength with only a minimum of material. With all of these advantages, applicants` invention yet presents a structure competitive in material and erection costs with standard types of frame building construction of equivalent size. Furthermore, being fully insulated, it produces a construction that is cool for hot climates and warm in cold climates and absolutely proof against outside moisture.
This construction provides walls of precast reinforced concrete vmembers and reinforced poured concrete. The precast members` are simple to form and are easily and quickly assembled resulting in a sound bonded and practical wall. construction. The members are interlocked with special-ly designed metal rods and fixtures and are then securely bonded together horizontally by embedding their bases in footings and by' poured reinforced concrete girders along the top of the wall.
Pilasters are obtained by pouring concrete into prearranged molds formed mostly of the precast members themselves. Such pilasters may be formed at intervals from corner to corner or to points adjacent the Ajoinder of a partition wall and an outside wall.
Furthermore, by the setting of the panel slabs in their proper position in the wall, back to back and lateral side edges to lateral side edges, there will be provided forms or molds where the four panel slabs abut. This mold when lled with concrete results in a concrete bonding stud, locking and bonding vertically all `four members at that juncture.
The provision of such precast members, xtures and rods referred to above, together with their assembly into a wall construction, as well as the resultant wall, constitutes the principal object of this invention.
Additional objects and advantages of this invention will become more apparent as the following description proceeds when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is an elevational View of the inner surface of a panel slab.
Fig. 2' is a top end view of Fig. l.
Fig. 3 is a bottom end view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a vertical cross sectional view of an exterior wall prior to completion with poured concrete.
Fig. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an interior '2,882,712 PatenteclApr. 2l, 1.9.59
2 partition wallv prior to its completion with poured concrete.
Fig. 6 is a slightly enlarged partial vertical section taken on line 6 6 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is an elevational View illustrating the surface side of a panel slab, the reverse or inner side being illustrated in Fig'. 1.
Fig. 8 is a slightly enlarged cross section on lines 8 8 of'Fig; l.
Figs. 9 and l0 illustrate in horizontal cross section, an exterior wall and an interior partition wall respectively.
Fig. ll is a vertical view longitudinally and centrally of a Wall, takenk on line 11-11 in Fig. 4.
Fig. l2 is an enlargement of Fig. 9.
Fig. 13 is a side elevation of aclamping fixture arrangement.
Fig. 14 is an end View of Fig 1-3.
Fig. 15 is an end View of' a girder forming member and cover.
Fig. 16 is a perspective view illustrating concrete panel slabs in position embedded in footings and top girders after concrete has been poured and' forms removed resulting in. an exterior wall.
Fig.. 17 is a perspective view illustrating concrete panel slabs in position embedded in footings and top girders after concrete has been poured and forms removed resulting in an interior partition wall.
Fig. 18 is a side elevation of a wall taken in the center of the wall after the concrete has been poured and'rnore clearly shows the top concrete girder, bonding studs, pilasters and footing construction according to this invention.
Fig. 19 is a horizontal cross section of an exterior wall corner.
Fig. 20 is an enlarged horizontal cross section of; an interior partition wall at the level of the reinforcing ribs.
Fig. 2l is an enlarged horizontal cross section view of an exterior wall showing insulation and concrete bonding studs.
Fig. 22 is a horizontal cross sectional view showing a partition wall joining an exterior Wall.
Fig. 23 is a top view illustrating forms and methods of providing necessaryv variation take-up joints for an interior partitionwall.
Fig. 24 is a top view similar to Fig. 23 but for the exteriory walls.
Referring now more particularly to the drawings, in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8 there is illustrated precast concrete panel slabs 15 and 40. The surfaces 16 on both are smooth, or may be slightly roughened if desired for finishing With stucco or plaster for its better adherence. It should be stated here that panel slabs 15 and 4t) in design and with respect to the molded detail on their rear or inner surfaces are the same. Panel slabs 15 are used on the interior side of an outer wall, and are also used back to back in interior partition walls.
Panel slabs 40 with the same molded detail are cast in a mold or form, the bottom of which, has been designed for the insertion of furring strips 41 and 42. These furring strips are laid in their respective positions in the form or mold. Reinforcing wire is provided on the surface of the furring strips 41 and 42 over which the concrete is poured, so that the furring strips adhere to the panel slabs after their casting has been completed. These furring strips 41 and 42 facilitate the fastening to themthe panel slabs as the wall is erected. After the insulation material has been attached the panel slabs 40 are ready for the exterior side of an exterior wall.
The top edges 21 `of both types of panel slabs 15 and 40, as shown in Fig. 6 are beveled upwardly from the front surface 16 toward the rear to form a dovetail joint to lock the tops of the panel slabs into the poured concrete top girder. The tops of the panel slabs 15 and 40 are valso reduced in width providing notched corners 23 and 25, the purpose for which will be explained later.
As stated previously, the front surfaces 16 of panel slabs 15 and 40 are generally smooth but may be roughened if desired to better adhere stucco or other finishes. The rear sides 17 however are provided with integrally formed cross ribs 28, 29 and 30 which extend horizontally across the panel slabs at the top, center and bottom. The sides are provided with longitudinal ribs 27. All of these ribs are spaced inwardly from the edges of the panel slabs providing a margin 19. The outer edges of the lateral ribs 27 are formed in the shape of a V 24 (see Fig. 8) and the upper edge 22 of the top cross ribs 29 slope downwardly and inwardly toward the front surface 17 of the slab.
Near the base of and crossways of the panel slabs 15 and 40, is a molded groove 33. When the panels are set ush back to back for an interior partition wall, the grooves 33 together provide a hole for tie rods. The base of the panel slabs 15 and 40 are also reduced in width a shown at 32.
In Fig. 4 there is illustrated the position in an outer Wall of panel slabs 15 and 40 relative to footing forms. It also shows the top girder forms in position. The footing forms 50 comprise parallel retaining members 51 and 52 which may consist of planking, steel channels or the like, uniformly spaced apart by means for a separator tube or pipe 53. The relative positions of the retaining members 51 and 52 are securely maintained by a tie rod 54 extending through the tube 53 and bores in the retaining members 51 and 52, after nuts 55 on either side have been tightened. To facilitate the tightening of the members 51 and 52 if made of wood, suitable inner and outer washers are employed between the tubes or pipes 53 and the planking 51 and 52 and between the planking and the nuts 55.
Paralleling and spaced from one of the retaining members 51 for example, an angle iron 57 is secured, preferably by welding, to the tubes or pipes 53. Another angle iron 58 rests on the tubes or pipes 53 and parallels the angle iron 57 but is not secured, so that its position may be adjusted relative to the lixed angle iron 57. This adjustment is accomplished by cross bolts 92 which extend through bores previously drilled in the angle irons and spaced to coincide with openings provided by the reduced bottom ends 32 -of the panel slabs 15 and 40.
The remaining members will be best described in the discussion of the procedure for erecting a section of a wall incorporating a number of panels slabs 15 and 40 in pairs, back to back, and said pairs arranged side by side, panel slabs 40 for the exterior of an outside wall and panel slabs 15 for the interior surface of the exterior wall.
Two panel slabs 15 and 40 are placed back to back between the channel like angle irons 57 and 58 and intermediate a pair of cross tie bolts 92 which, after the panel slabs have been plumbed true, are tightened to securely hold them between the angle irons. To these erected panel slabs another pair of panel slabs 15 and 40 are placed side by side, the square edges 20 of each abutting together. Their reduced bases 32 are positioned between the next pair of cross tie bolts 92 which are put in place and tightened.
At this time a tie rod 75 (see Fig. 11) threaded on either end, is placed centrally within the wall between panel slabs 15 and 40. This tie rod is approximately 3A of an inch shorter than the width of the panel slabs and is anchored to .the next adjacent pair of panel slabs.
An anchor bar 73 in Ithe form of a channel and provided with a centrally located bore is fitted over the free threaded end of the bar 75 in a relatively horizontal posi tion within the reduced upper corners 23 of the panel slabs. This bar 73 is in length slightly less than the thickness of the wall and bears against the reduced portions 23 of the panel slabs after a sleeve nut 74 has been threaded onto the tie bar 75. In this manner, adjacent pairs of panel slabs are drawn tightly together. This procedure continues in repeated sequence top and bottom until :a wall between at least two pilasters has been erected. It should be noted that the anchor bars 76 along the bottom of the wall are positioned within and bear against the reduced portions of the panel slabs. These lower bars 76 may be in length greater than the thickness of the wall to better cross brace the walls by engaging the concrete of the poured footings.
It should be now noted that as soon as two pairs of panel slabs have been erected and mechanically secured together as described above, there is provided within the juncture a self contained mold or form into which may be poured a concrete bonding stud 60 (see Fig. 9 or 21). Such a stud properly reinforced, concrete lock-bonds Athe pairs of slabs vertically in place in the wall.
For erecting partition walls, the method already described for exterior walls is repeated, the only difference between an exterior wall and a partition wall being that Ea partition wall is made entirely of panel slabs 15, no insulation material being required in between. The width of the footings, the wall itself, and the top girder therefore are slightly less than in exterior walls.
After all the walls, or a reasonable length of wall section, or a wall section between two pilasters has been erected as discussed above, a thin steel angle iron 72 or 81 (see Figs. 4 and 5) may be placed over the two sloping upper horizontal ribs 22 of the panel slabs 1S and 40 for an exterior wall, and the panel slabs 15 in a partition wall. This sheet metal angle or angle iron in length extends only between one bonding stud 60 and another in the exterior wall, and from one bonding stud 61 to another bonding stud 61 in a partition wall, thus permitting the poured concrete in the bonding studs and pilasters to form a monolithic bond with the concrete poured above the angles 72 and 81 to form a continuous concrete top girder. These angle irons or sheet steel angles act as a cover preventing water from the wet concrete from running down between the various panel slabs, and in the case of the exterior wall, this cover protects the insulation material from becoming water soaked. In certain instances, the angle steel cover may be omitted, particularly where no insulation is involved.
Continuous top wall girders 62 and 63 (see Figs. 16, 17 and 18) are formed in part utilizing a form structure similar to that described in connection with the footing forms 50. As illustrated in Fig. 4, members 64 and 65 for exterior wall construction are drawn together against the face surfaces of the upper ends of panel slabs 15 and 40 and against a spacing ferrule or tube 68 by means of a tie rod 69 extending through holes bored in the form members 64 and 65 and the ferrules or tubes 68. Suitable washers and nuts secure the forms in the same manner as described with reference to the setting up of the footing forms 50. The spacing ferrules or tubes 68 rest on the top edges 25 and in the reduced upper corners 23 of the panel slabs 15 and 40.
Steel reinforcing, not shown, is incorporated into the top girder to be poured according to accepted strength standards.
This procedure of supplying girder forms for the top of the exterior wall, is repeated in every detail with re spect to forms for the top girder of the partition walls, the thickness of the partition wall girder being somewhat less.
After the top and bottom forms are thus in place and a nal check is made to insure that the various panel slabs are plumb, concrete Vis then poured`in the footing forms, the forms provided by the juncture of pairs of panel slabs themselves, and the top girder forms. All the tie rods 75 and anchor ybars 73 and 76 are thereby submerged and embedded vin the concrete both top and bottom, adding additional reinforcing material thereto and assuring the lock-bonding of the precast members and 40, resulting ina continuous solid monolithic construction.
The height of the walls can be varied somewhat by the height of the top girder forms used.
Figs. 9 and l0 illustrate the difference in the horizontal cross section of exterior walls and interior partition walls. Fig. 9 also shows the air spaces 43, provided by the molded shape of the inner or back sides of panels 15 and 40. This air space extends from cross ribs 29'to the center rib 28, down to the base 30, thus adding greatly to the insulation value of the' wall, because these air spaces 43 are on both sides ofthe insulation material 45 near the center of the wall.
in the slightly enlarged showing of Fig. 12 there is illustrated in addition to the central insulation material 45, insulation material 46 between joints of panel slabs 15 and the concrete bonding stud 6.0.
Fig. 16 in perspective illustrates the panel slabs in position after the footings-and top girder have been poured and the forms removed, comprising a section of exterior wall construction. It shows with clarity the purpose of the angle iron 72 which covers the center joints between the two panel slabs, and forms the bottom of the top girder. It also shows the purpose for the top beveled or sloped ends 21 and 25 of the panel slabs to more securely bond top edges of panelslabs 1'5 and 40 with the top concrete girder, in ay dovetail manner. It further illustrates the finished footings,vand shows how lthoroughly the bases of the panel slabs 15 and 40v have been ernbedded in the footings.
Fig. 17 illustrates the same general principle of concrete footing and top girders, in fact identical to Fig. 16 excepting that it illustrates a partition wall section.
Fig. 18 more clearly shows the reinformed concrete girder, pilaster, bonding studs and footing type of construction in connection with panel slabs.
Fig. 19 shows a corner pilaster, in relation to two exterior wall sections, and also illustrates corner plank forms to complete the corner mold or form, which when filled with concrete lock-bonds the two adjoining wall sections together.
Fig. 20 shows the proper positions of the partition wall panel slabs 15 back to back, with all four lateral edges butting together, providing the self contained form which when filled with concrete lock-bonds these panel slabs with a concrete bonding stud 16.
Fig. 22 illustrates a part of two exterior wall sections, adjoining an interior partition wall. It also shows a steel plate 102 which, with two exterior wall sections and the interior partition section completes a mold or form for the making of an exterior wall partition pilaster when poured with concrete.
Figs. 23 and 24 illustrate a method for attending to any variation that may arise in the walls between two given points. This is taken care of by the placing of a steel form plate on either side of the wall and filling the resultant space with concrete 87 and 86. It will be noted in these two Figures 23 and 24 that when the concrete has filled this mold or form, it too will lock-bond the adjoining ends of the panel slabs into a solid monolithic concrete construction.
It will be understood that applicants invention resides in the novel combination and cooperation of various members together with their assembly and the method of bonding them in poured concrete, for the most part in forms furnished by the precast members themselves, and that certain modifications in the arrangements illustrated will be suggested to those skilled in the art. All
such modifications vas come within its spirit are intended prising precast members each in the form of elongate concrete panel slabs extending vertically the height of an entire story, each of said panel slabs having a face surface and an inner surface, the inner surfaces being provided with longitudinal and cross ribs, the longitudinal ribs at least being spaced inwardly from the lateral edges of the inner surfaces thereby defining inner surface marginal portions, said lower marginal portions being relieved, footing form cross supports, a retaining piece running transverse and fixed to said cross supports, a second retaining piece running parallel to the said fixed retaining piece and adjustably spaced from the fixed retaining piece, a plurality of pairs of said panel slabs each pair positioned with their ribbed inner surfaces facing one another, adjacent pairs arranged with their lateral sides in contact, the lower ends of said plurality of pairs of panel slabs extending between said retaining pieces, threaded rods and nuts extending between the retaining pieces through said lower relieved marginal portions for securing the lower ends of said plurality of pairs of panel slabs therebetween, means extending horizontally lengthwise of the wall for mechanically securing adjacent pairs of said panel slabs in abutting side by side relationship comprising anchor bars extending crosswise of the pairs of panel slabs and bearing against said relieved lower marginal portions thereof, and threaded tie rods and sleeve nuts extending horizontally lengthwiseV of the wall between said anchor bars for mechanically securingV said pairs of panel slabs inV abutting side by side relationship, the upper surfaces of the upper' cross ribs of saidpanel slabssloping downwardly toward the inner surfaces of the panel slabs providing an angular. bottom for top girder forms, notches in the upper corners of said panel slabs, top girder form cross supports resting in the notches in the upper corners of the panel slabs for receiving top girder forms along the upper portion of the face sides of said panel slabs and extending above the top edges thereof, and poured concrete footings embedding the bases of all of said panel slabs at least to the height of said relieved lower marginal portions thereof, the footing form cross supports, retaining pieces, the anchor bars, tie rods and sleeve nuts poured concrete filling the vertical spaces between laterally abutting pairs of said panel slabs, said spaces being defined by said inner surface marginal portions and said longitudinal ribs, and. poured concrete filling the spaces above the sloping surfaces of the top ribs of the panel slabs embedding the top girder cross supports forming at least in part a top girder further bonding together said precast panel slabs due to angular girder bottom formed by the sloping upper surfaces of the upper cross ribs of the panel slabs, all of said poured concrete lock bonding adjacent precast members together with all mechanical securing and retaining means into a unitary assembly.
2. A wall construction as claimed in claim l, including insulation material disposed between the pairs of panel slabs and in which the top edges of the panel slabs are beveled downwardly and outwardly, and an angle shaped steel member conforming substantially to the angle of the bevels of the top surfaces of the upper ribs interposed between the top surfaces of said upper ribs and the poured concrete top girder, for adding further reinforcing steel within the top girder of the wall and for capping the insulation material interposed between the pairs of panel slabs, preventing the wet poured concrete of the top girder from damaging the insulation material prior to its setting.
3. A wall construction as claimed in claim 1, in which the upper edges of said panel slabs are also beveled downwardly and outwardly toward said outer surfaces to form dovetailed joints with concrete poured thereover for a top girder and in which the lower ends of said panel slabs are reduced in width to the extent eliminating said inner marginal portions and adapted to be inserted at least to the extent of said portion of reduced width into the poured concrete footings.
4. A wall construction for buildings including a monolithic framework of concrete reinforced with steel, comprising precast members each in the form of elongate concrete panel slabs extending vertically the height of an entire story, each of said panel slabs having a face surface and an inner surface, the inner surfaces being provided with longitudinal and cross ribs, the longitudinal ribs at least being spaced inwardly from the lateral edges of the inner surfaces thereby defining inner surface Amarginal portions, said lower marginal portions being relieved, footing form cross supports, a retaining piece running transverse and fixed to said cross supports, a second retaining piece running parallel to the said fixed retaining piece and adjustably spaced from the xed retaining piece, a plurality of pairs of said panel slabs each pair positioned with their ribbed inner surfaces facing one another, adjacent pairs arranged with their lateral sides in contact, the lower ends of said plurality of pairs of panel slabs extending between said retaining pieces, securing means comprising anchor bars extending crosswise of the pairs of panel slabs and bearing against relieved marginal portions thereof and tie rods extending horizontally lengthwise of the wall between the anchor bars and in a plane extending vertically between the said retaining pieces for mechanically securing said pairs of panel slabs in abutting side by side relationship, the upper surfaces of the upper cross ribs of said panel slabs sloping downwardly toward the inner surfaces of the panel slabs providing an angular bottom for top girder'forms, said upper marginal portions being relieved in the vform of notches in the upper corners of said panel slabs, top girder form cross supports resting in said notches in the upper corners of the panel slabs for receiving top girder forms along the upper portion of the face sides of said panel slabs and extending above the top edges thereof, and poured concrete footings ernbedding the bases of all of said panel slabs at least to the height of said relieved lower marginal portions thereof, the footing form cross supports and retaining pieces, poured concrete filling the Vertical spaces between laterally abutting pairs of said panel slabs, said spaces being defined by said inner surface marginal portions and said longitudinal ribs, and poured concrete filling the spaces above the sloping surfaces of the top ribs of the panel slabs embedding the top girder form cross supports forming at least in part a top girder further bonding together said precast panel slabs due to angular girder bottom formed by the sloping upper surfaces of the upper cross ribs of the panel slabs, all of said poured concrete lock bonding adjacent precast members together with all mechanical securing and retaining means into a unitary assembly.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,702,659 Mixes Feb. 19, 1929 1,863,981 Groves June 2l, 1932 1,889,699 Ranck Nov. 29, 1932 1,892,605 y Betzlel` Dec. 27, 1932 FOREIGN PATENTS 521,194 France July 7, 1921 618,586 Great Britain Feb. 24, 1949 802,713 Germany Feb. 22, 1951 1,046,177 France June 8, 1953
US515889A 1955-06-16 1955-06-16 Preformed and bonded masonry wall structure Expired - Lifetime US2882712A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US515889A US2882712A (en) 1955-06-16 1955-06-16 Preformed and bonded masonry wall structure

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US515889A US2882712A (en) 1955-06-16 1955-06-16 Preformed and bonded masonry wall structure

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2882712A true US2882712A (en) 1959-04-21

Family

ID=24053192

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US515889A Expired - Lifetime US2882712A (en) 1955-06-16 1955-06-16 Preformed and bonded masonry wall structure

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US2882712A (en)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3475873A (en) * 1966-09-14 1969-11-04 William D Steadman Modular,bonded building wall
US3514910A (en) * 1968-02-14 1970-06-02 Dano Modules Inc Modular building construction
US4145861A (en) * 1975-01-07 1979-03-27 Ralph Yarnick Building construction method and system
WO1979000520A1 (en) * 1978-01-17 1979-08-09 D Zauli Prefabricated construction elements and their use
FR2444764A2 (en) * 1978-12-18 1980-07-18 Zauli Dante Hollow precast concrete panel for system building - is made by bonding two sub-panels back to back and end details form members in-situ frame
US4336675A (en) * 1977-05-05 1982-06-29 Marcel Pereira Construction system
US4976087A (en) * 1987-12-07 1990-12-11 Edward Pizzino Method of forming footing and laying first course of block
US5584151A (en) * 1993-12-20 1996-12-17 R.A.R. Consultants Ltd. Earthquake, wind resistant and fire resistant pre-fabricated building panels and structures formed therefrom
CN1038058C (en) * 1991-09-24 1998-04-15 侯泉源 Wall rib large plate hollow wall
US6338231B1 (en) 2000-03-13 2002-01-15 Fast Built Panels, Inc. Prefabricated concrete wall panel system and method
US20070271861A1 (en) * 2006-05-23 2007-11-29 Marcelino Sugranes Arimany Swimming pool and its building procedure
US10577796B1 (en) * 2017-08-02 2020-03-03 Nandy Sarda Concrete shearwall and assemblies thereof, and related methods

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR521194A (en) * 1919-12-15 1921-07-07 Edwin Airey Improvements in the manufacture of concrete slabs, columns or pillars and their application to construction
US1702659A (en) * 1927-08-13 1929-02-19 John W Miles Wall-building form
US1863981A (en) * 1930-06-17 1932-06-21 James S Groves Concrete building construction
US1889699A (en) * 1931-01-27 1932-11-29 Esta W Ranck Masonry wall and wall unit
US1892605A (en) * 1931-10-20 1932-12-27 Betzler Paul Wall construction
GB618586A (en) * 1946-03-12 1949-02-24 Horace Allan Wilkinson Improvements in or relating to building units and structures erected therefrom
DE802713C (en) * 1948-10-02 1951-02-22 Otto Hinze Process for erecting structures made of precast concrete and reinforced concrete parts, in particular walls, as well as wall panels and stems therefor
FR1046177A (en) * 1950-12-07 1953-12-03 Build plate

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR521194A (en) * 1919-12-15 1921-07-07 Edwin Airey Improvements in the manufacture of concrete slabs, columns or pillars and their application to construction
US1702659A (en) * 1927-08-13 1929-02-19 John W Miles Wall-building form
US1863981A (en) * 1930-06-17 1932-06-21 James S Groves Concrete building construction
US1889699A (en) * 1931-01-27 1932-11-29 Esta W Ranck Masonry wall and wall unit
US1892605A (en) * 1931-10-20 1932-12-27 Betzler Paul Wall construction
GB618586A (en) * 1946-03-12 1949-02-24 Horace Allan Wilkinson Improvements in or relating to building units and structures erected therefrom
DE802713C (en) * 1948-10-02 1951-02-22 Otto Hinze Process for erecting structures made of precast concrete and reinforced concrete parts, in particular walls, as well as wall panels and stems therefor
FR1046177A (en) * 1950-12-07 1953-12-03 Build plate

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3475873A (en) * 1966-09-14 1969-11-04 William D Steadman Modular,bonded building wall
US3514910A (en) * 1968-02-14 1970-06-02 Dano Modules Inc Modular building construction
US4145861A (en) * 1975-01-07 1979-03-27 Ralph Yarnick Building construction method and system
US4336675A (en) * 1977-05-05 1982-06-29 Marcel Pereira Construction system
WO1979000520A1 (en) * 1978-01-17 1979-08-09 D Zauli Prefabricated construction elements and their use
FR2444764A2 (en) * 1978-12-18 1980-07-18 Zauli Dante Hollow precast concrete panel for system building - is made by bonding two sub-panels back to back and end details form members in-situ frame
US4976087A (en) * 1987-12-07 1990-12-11 Edward Pizzino Method of forming footing and laying first course of block
CN1038058C (en) * 1991-09-24 1998-04-15 侯泉源 Wall rib large plate hollow wall
US5584151A (en) * 1993-12-20 1996-12-17 R.A.R. Consultants Ltd. Earthquake, wind resistant and fire resistant pre-fabricated building panels and structures formed therefrom
US5785904A (en) * 1993-12-20 1998-07-28 R.A.R. Consultants Ltd. Method of securing and architectural finish element to a surface
US5862639A (en) * 1993-12-20 1999-01-26 R.A.R. Consultants Ltd. Earthquake, wind resistant and fire resistant pre-fabricated building panels and structures formed therefrom
US6338231B1 (en) 2000-03-13 2002-01-15 Fast Built Panels, Inc. Prefabricated concrete wall panel system and method
US20070271861A1 (en) * 2006-05-23 2007-11-29 Marcelino Sugranes Arimany Swimming pool and its building procedure
US7302777B1 (en) * 2006-05-23 2007-12-04 Ceramica Sugranes S.A. Swimming pool and its building procedure
US10577796B1 (en) * 2017-08-02 2020-03-03 Nandy Sarda Concrete shearwall and assemblies thereof, and related methods

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4319440A (en) Building blocks, wall structures made therefrom and methods of making the same
US2920475A (en) Building panel
US2053873A (en) Building structure
US6508041B1 (en) Interlocking concrete block
US1380324A (en) Concrete construction
RU2376424C1 (en) Ready-built and solid-cast building construction system
US8375677B1 (en) Insulated poured concrete wall structure with integal T-beam supports and method of making same
US2882712A (en) Preformed and bonded masonry wall structure
US3881289A (en) Building walls and prefabricated reinforced concrete wall sections
US3530631A (en) Building stud and wall construction
US11479968B2 (en) Mold design and process for constructing an insulated precast concrete wall system
US4590729A (en) Modular construction system for the erection of buildings
US2295216A (en) Building construction
US3834095A (en) Building construction and method
US1597167A (en) Building construction
US2940294A (en) Building construction
US3818658A (en) Wall module
US2618960A (en) Reinforced plastic structural unit
US2652713A (en) Structural section
US3802139A (en) Building constructed of vertical supports, longitudinal base element, and panel members
CN210316179U (en) Assembled building block and assembled building block lock anchor wall building system
USRE21905E (en) Building construction
US1945124A (en) Unit building construction
US4455793A (en) Prefabricated building block and civil building composed of a plurality of such blocks assembled together
US3507084A (en) Tilt-up wall construction