EP2739799B1

EP2739799B1 - Building structure of pre-cast monolithic walls and interfloor slabs

Info

Publication number: EP2739799B1
Application number: EP11813460.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Milan Kekanovic
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-08-03
Filing date: 2011-09-01
Publication date: 2021-08-11
Anticipated expiration: 2031-09-01
Also published as: ES2898608T3; CN103797197B; HUE056352T2; RS54106B1; EP2739799A1; RS20110350A1; HRP20211747T1; RS62561B1; WO2013019134A1; CN103797197A

Description

Technical field of the invention

Subject of the invention, in general belongs to the filed of civil engineering and it is classified according to the IPC symbols E04B 5/18; E04B 5/21; E04B 2/23; E04C 1/41; E04B 2/18.

Technical Problem

Technical problem solved by invention in the subject consists in the following: how to design supporting wall panels and interfloor slabs that could be practically used as monolithic, pre-cast and semi-fabricated systems.
It is particularly interesting to enable an opportunity to accomplish a pre-cast and prefabricated quick building in at the very construction site which would, with some minor and efficient works along with reinforcing and covering with concrete, result in a monolithic system. Bearing systems of walls and interfloor constructions can at the same time conform to the bearing capacity to all the demands under exploitation, termoinsulating and a high-level sound insulation, steam diffusion, fire protection, quick building. Bearing wall panels and interfloor constructions are required to be lightweight so as enable building with reinforced concrete even the highest worldwide buildings. Building technology has to be completely mobile and completely applicable at the construction site in all the phases.

State of Art

So far, the state of art knows about several types of pre-cast (modular) fabricated and semi-fabricated interfloor constructions with a filling of ceramic and concrete, and even with an expanded polystyrene filling. At the same time there are many solutions complied to only some of the requirements.
As a solution of the elements for masoning (building up) and elements forming for floorboards panels is known EP 2 102 426 B1 .
Namely, during the stage of practical realization the author noticed a disadvantage of the blocks with thin walls due to the problem of setting beton at the stage of building. Moreover, in this new patent application, the author gives a solution for building wall pre-cast semi-fabricated panels by means of new construction of a block for building. The author advances his existing patent EP 2 102 426 B1 in such a way as to provide a solution that will advance the previous one. In addition, in the new patent application, the author offers the entire system of construction of semi-prefabricated floors and semi-prefabricated walls. According to FR 1602 029 slab elements for interfloor constructions are made of burned clay. Building with those elements requires that formwork has to be applied under the whole construction. Interfloor construction in this patent application does not require formwork and in a completely different way it is reinforced and designed with ribs in two directions as a grillage of girders cassette system.
Document EP 0487345A2 displays technical solution hollow block masonry walls. The presented blocks can be reinforced and fulfill with concrete. This known block has thin walls that can serve as thermal insulation. Thin walls of these blocks are used as formwork for concrete that is poured to a height just a few rows and not the entire wall. In solution building blocks can be placed only vertical steel reinforcement, horizontal reinforcement cannot be placed. WO9509953 A1 describes prefabricated elements that have to stand on a formwork as these elements cannot exist without the formwork in the phase of covering with concrete. Moreover, this solution has no transversal ribs, the structure of which is described in this new patent application, which along with longitudinal ribs and the slab above the ribs form the grillage of girders cassette system.
EP 0987 377 A2 shows concrete elements with mesh reinforcements covered with concrete. These elements are difficult for transportation and mounting and have no transversal ribs and grillage of girders cassette supporting system as described in this patent application. US6817150 B1 represents elements of solid and expenssive polystyrene wherein "C"-profiled tin elements are embedded. These elements are not reinforced as described in this patent application and have no transversal ribs and grillage of girders cassette bearing system. WO2007059538 A2 represents another solution of the same inventor as described in herewith presented application. Namely, during the application of the soultion mentioned above in this document, the inventor came to an improved solution, and particularly with regard to increase the width of the girders with more channels and that the final transversal channels are closed laterally so as to prevent the concrete to pour out from the transversal channel, in the first phase of setting in concrete. Similarly in this new patent application, the author offers a new type of distancer and a reinforcement holder that turned out to be even more practical for mounting and transportation of semi-fabricated joists filled with newly poured concrete. The grillage of girder reinforcement is attached to the distancers and herewith enabled is transportation from one site to the other, and this was not possible in the earlier application WO2007059538 A2 .
CA 2 767 949 A1 discloses a building structure comprising a floor having a prefabricated composite floor slab, whereby the slab comprises an expanded styrofoam element, wherein the shaped styrofoam element has longitudinal channels and transversal channels, the longitudinal channels being conical at their lower part next to the bottom of the channel with two opposite sides positioned to form an acute angle in relation to the bottom of the channel, wherein the central part of the longitudinal channel has two vertical opposite sides, to which are continued two opposite sides, also conically widened through the longitudinal channel to the top elevation, wherein the transversal channels cross the longitudinal channels and have a bottom the height of which equals the height of the bottom of the longitudinal channel, wherein the transversal channels between longitudinal channels are also conical at their lower part next to the bottom with the opposite sides being under an acute angle in relation to the bottom of the channel, and wherein the central part of the transversal channel has two vertical opposite sides.

Summary of the Invention

CNC machines for cutting expanded polystyrene blocks are used in shaping the elements for interfloor slabs that represent a closed formwork that prevents the concrete to fill in the whole space but only the determined, designed.
Hence at the width of 1 m of a slabpolystyrene element the thickness of which depends on the span of the slab, using CNC machines with red wire up to three longitudinal channels are cut. Every 50 cm, we also cut transversal channels in the same polystyrene panel element. Thus formed elements being 1 m wide and 2 m long are arranged one behind the other, and make a longitudinal segment of the slabing. Thereupon inside the formed channels we put the reinforcing distancers and reinforcement holders formed by means of flexing the sheet metal and into those reinforcing distancers we introduce the grillage of girders previously shaped steel reinforcement and additionally we set, when required, a longitudinal reinforcement in the form of a steel bar. Right inside the grillage of grid steel reinforcement some 95 cm long bars are placed into the transversal channels. All that is covered with concrete in the thickness of several centimeters (up to 6 cm), so as to obtain semi-fabricated portable longitudinal segments of the slabs - joists that are taken up and built onto the props with the capping beams next to the walls of the building and onto the props with the capping beams between the walls. Upon mounting the segments of the slab - joists onto the props with the capping beams, additional reinforcement is set inside the transversal channels, along the whole width of the structure. Moreover, the reinforcing mesh is set over the formed longitudinal slab segments and thereafter all that is filled with concrete to make the grillage of girders cassete slab with bearing capacity in one or in two directions.
The second embodiment to use the solution of interfloor slabs in this patent application is like a pre-cast monolithic slab the length of which is between the supporting walls and the total width between the supporting walls in transversal direction. Here, there is a possibility that the interfloor slab does not have to be worked out in full width but in the width of 2 m suitable for transportation and at the very structure two interfloor slabs become monolithic by tying. Transversal reinforcement of one interfloor slab overlaps with transversal reinforcement from the second interfloor slab and at the construction site longitudinal reinforcement is set and it is all covered with concrete. With that solution in the factory or at the construction site, at a runway are set previously shaped polystyrene elements with distancers and reinforcement holders, lower transversal reinforcement that extends outside the styrofoam width. Longitudinal reinforcement mesh and additional reinforcement in the form of bars inside the grillage of girders reinforcement are set. Moreover, there is also set an upper transversal reinforcement that again extends outside the styrofoam width. Concrete is filled up to the three quarters of the height of longitudinal and transversal channels.
Upon becoming quickly solid within 24 hours, the interfloor slabs are taken up onto the structure and are set exclusively onto the supports with capping beams next to the walls. There is no supporting through the central part of these pre-cast semi-fabricated interfloor slabs. Additional reinforcement in the form of a reinforcement mesh over the mounted assembled fabricated interfloor slabs is carried out.
Armoured concrete beams are also set onto in the walls and at the points where two slabs are connected in longitudinal direction. Upon setting the additional reinforcement at the construction site, covering with concrete on the construction site in order to make monolithic all the connections is the best proved solution against sudden loadings due to the activity of shocks.
By means of presses with particularly designed tools for making concrete masonry units with thick walls, according to this patent application, these blocks are made of composite concrete on the runway, or on the pallettes and shelves. Blocks for building are so designed that these have vertical cavities and horisontal channels so that during the construction these enable setting horizontal reinforcement, and upon the completion of the walls, there can be set a vertical reinforcement as well.
Building or masonry works can be carried out on the building under construction, on the runway next to the building under construction or in a factory where wall panels can be made. With the wall panels every second vertical cavity would be a functional reinforcement and an anchor for the facing wall on the floor above. Filling the concrete into vertical cavities with reinforcement, provided that the concrete does not fill even the vertical cavities without the reinforcement, is possible only if every second vertical cavity where the concrete is not allowed to set, is filled. The author of this patent application offers a solution to accomplish it in the way that onto the cavities not covered with concrete there is lowered a flexible waterproof cloth hose in the full height of the wall the cross section of which is by 5 % higher than the cross section of the vertical channel. Flexible waterproof cloth hose is lowered to the bottom and then it is filled with air. Thereupon covering with concrete of every second vertical reinforced cavity is carried out. Immediately upon the beginning of tying (solidification) the concrete, air is exttracted out of the flexible waterproof cloth hose partially or to an extent that it can be extracted from the vertical cavity of blocks for building that the facing wall consists of.

Short Description of the Drawings

Invention is described in details in the examples of embodiment shown in in the figures of the drawing wherein:

Figure 1a- describes the shaped styrofoam element with longitudinal and transversal channels functioning as a closed formwork in working out interfloor slabs,
Figure 1b - detail on the Figure 1a
Figure 2a - represents a specially shaped sheet metal as a distancer for setting the reinforcement in order to obtain a portable slab segment as a protection for a required protective concrete coating on the reinforcement,
Figure 2a - detail on the Figure 2a
Figure 3a -represents the shaped styrofoam element inside which are set metal shaped distancers for the reinforcement, with the reinforcing in the form of truss and an additional reinforcing in the form of bars,
Figure 4a - represents a complete mobile and portable segment of an interfloor slab being 1 m wide and of required length and a reinforcement set for one supporting direction with the concrete poured in the thickness of 6 cm,
Figure 4b - detail on the Figure 4a
Figure 5a - shows a complete mobile, portable and supporting interfloor grillage of girders cassette slab which as such is raised onto the building and along its edges it rests onto the props with the capping beam,
Figure 5b - detail on the Figure 5a
Figure 5c - detail on the Figure 5a
Figure 6a - represents an insulating formwork block for building with vertical cavities and horizontal channels and thick walls being properly built with "bricklayer tying" with strict corresponding of vertical cavities and horizontal channels thus enabling positioning horizontal and vertical armature and covering with concrete, therewith the built-up wall becomes a reinforced concrete facing wall,
Figure 6b - detail on the Figure 6a
Figure 7 - represents a reinforced concrete facing wall produced by masoning the insulating formwork blocks with simultaneous setting the horizontal reinforcement. Vertical reinforcement is set when putting up the wall is completed. Covering with concrete is carried out in every second vertical cavity so as to make the wall light for raising and how the facing wall could be anchored at the very building,
Figure 8a - represents mounting of ready-made facing walls on the building/structure where the facing walls are lowered onto the anchores (poles) protruding from from the floor below. At the very structure, evey second vertical cavity, after the vertical reinforcement is positioned, is covered with concrete, and that one exactly represents the very anchors (pull-off poles) for the above floor,
Figure 8b - detail on the Figure 8a
Figure 9 - represents a completely mobile and portable segment of the interfloor 1 m wide slab and the length of which corresponds to the distance of supporting walls. Segments of interfloor slabs are set onto the props with capping beams next to the walls and at the distance of maximally 2 m away from the walls,
Figure 10a - represents a completely mobile, portable and supporting interfloor grillage of girders cassette slab resting its ends along longitudinal and transversal sides on the props with capping beams located next to the supporting walls or in the transversal sense at the point of bonding two slabs. Here, it can also be seen that making it monolithic by covering concrete over the slab with the previously set the reinforcing mesh over the slab,
Figure 10b - detail on the Figure 10a
Figure 10c - detail on the Figure 10a
Figure 11a - represents bond of two mobile, portable and supporting interfloor grillage of girders cassete slab with the overlap of the reinforcement that goes outside of transversal channels inside which there is introduced the longitudinal reinforcing in the form of bars, There can be seen even the styrofoam set onto the formwork so as to obtrain the ceiling from the bottom side uniformely coated with styrofoam, and
Figure 11b - detail on the Figure 11a

Detailed Description of the Invention

Invention consists in, that an expanded polystyrene block is being cut by means of CNC machine with a red wire and therefrom obtained is the shaped styrofoam element (1) according to Figure 1a which has three longitudinal channels (2) and three transversal channels (3), and at the ends there is the very same channel only here it is split in two parts. Longitudinal channels are conical at its lower part next to the bottom of the channel with two opposite sides (4) positioned to form an acute angle of 65° in relation to the bottom (5) of the channel. The central part of the longitudinal channel (2) has two vertical opposite sides (6) whereto continued are two opposite sides (7) that the longitudinal channel (2) connically extends to the top elevation and larger surface (8) and the smaller surfaces (9) between the longitudinal channels (2) and the transversal channels (3). The transversal channels (3) cross the longitudinal channels (2) and have a bottom (10) at the same height as the bottom (5) of the longitudinal channel (2) according to Figure 1a; Figure 1b.
The transversal channels (3) between longitudinal channels (2) are also connical at its lower part next to the bottom (10) with the opposite sides (11) positioned to form the acute angle of 65° in relation to the bottom (10) of the channel. The central part of the transversal channel (3) has two vertical opposite sides (12) whereto continued are two opposite sides (13) that extend the transversal channel up to the top elevation and larger surface (8) and the smaller surface (9) between the longitudinal channels (2) and the transversal channels (3). The transversal channels (3) at its endings have thin and 5 cm high vertical walls (14) and (15) that prevent the concrete to leak out at the first phase of pouring the concrete. The shaped styrofoam element (1) at its endings has transversal channels being cut in half and from the bottom there is a completely flat surface (16) of minimal thickness of 5 cm at the thinnest part where the longitudinal channels (2) and the transversal channels (3) are. Alike, in the direction of longitudinal channels (2) at the external sides of shaped styrofoam element (1) there are vertical surfaces (17) between the transversal channels (3), according to Figure 1a; Figure 1b.
Inside the longitudinal channels (2) next to the bottom (5) between the sloped opposite sides (4) where placed is a metal distancer and reinforcement holder (18), according to Figure 2a, which is shaped of 1,5 mm thick steel sheet metal that at both ends of its bottom surface (19) rest onto the bottom (5) of the longitudinal channel (3). The bottom surfaces (19) of the distancer and the reinforcement holder (18) are flexed under the blunt angle of 115° in relation to the bottom surface (19) and hence there are obtained two opposite surfaces (20) which are connected by a flat part of the sheet metal (21) which, at its central part and between opposite sloped surafaces (20), has a panel hollow and indent (22) made intended to increase the rigidity of sheet metal (21).
The bottom surfaces (19) of the distancer sheet metal and reinforcement holder (18) are turned under the acute angle of 65° to form two opposite sides (23) that follow the slope (4) of the longitudinal channel (2) inside which this distancer and the reinforcement holder (18) is set. The flexed opposite sides (23) continue into horizontal surfaces (24) and end so that it is split into one flat surface (25), while the other part (26) is sloped downward. Distancer and reinforcement holder (18) is used that therein is forced the reinforcing truss (27) which is strengthened and exerts pressure to the opposite parts (26) of the distancer and reinforcement holder (18) which due to its opposite flat surfaces (25) prevent the reinforcing truss (27) against the slipping out, according to Figure 2a.
Moreover the distancer and reinforcement holder (18) is used that onto the flat part (21) is set the additional reinforcing (28) in the form of flat steel bars.
The shaped styrofoam elements (1) are set one behind the other so that the longitudinal channels (2) correspond to each other and form the longitudinal channel (2) being even longer when required wherein placed are the distancers and reinforcement holders (18) inside which placed is the compulsory reinforcing truss (27) and, if required, the additional reinforcing (28) in the form of flat steel bars, according to Figure 3a; Figure 4a; Figure 4b.
Prior to this in the transversal channels is set the secondary thin reinforcing steel bar (29). Thereupon the longitudinal channels (2) and the transversal channels (3) are filled with concrete up to the height that the transversal steel bar (29) is covered with concrete of up to 5 cm thick layer. When the concrete becomes solid in the transversal channels (3) and the longitudinal channels (2) wherein previously set are the distancers and reinforcement holder (18) with therewith compulsory reinforcing steel trusses (27) and additional reinforcing steel bars (28) and the transversal steel bars (29), a completely mobile and portable segment of semi-fabricated interfloor three-channel joist (30) being 1 m wide and of variable length, depending on the requirements for the building, is obtained according to Figure 4a; Figure 4b.
Semi-fabricated interfloor three-channel joists (30) being 1 m, according to Figure 4a, wide have three longitudianal channels (2) and transversal channels (3) at the axial distance of up to 50 cm. Semi-fabricated interfloor three-channel joists are taken up onto the building and mounted one next to the other on the props with capping beams (31) and thereupon set is the transversal reinforcement in the transversal channels (3) along the entire width of the slab. Moreover, there is set even the reinforcing mesh (32) over the whole surface of the slab on the interfloor three-channel joists. Thereupon all that is covered with concrete and a supporting interfloor grillage of girders cassette reinforced concrete slab (37) is obtained when seeing it as the supporting structure of concrete and reinforcement.
The other embodiment and possible application of the shaped styrofoam elements (1) is to set them longitudinally, one after the other but also even the transversally one next to the other, at least two or more, by forming a pre-cast monolithic grillage of girders cassette slab (33). The pre-cast monolithic grillage of girders cassette slab (33), according to Figure 5a, has the compulsory longitudinal supporting reinforcing steel truss (27), the additional reinforcing steel bars (28) on the distancers (18) while inside the transversal channels (3) is placed the bottom steel bar (34) under the reinforcing steel trusses (27), and the top steel bar (35) which are placed vertically onto the reinforcing steel trusses (27). The ends of the steel bar (34) and (35) are flexed and overlap in the space outside the shaped styrofoam elements (1). The pre-cast monolithic grillage of girds cassette slab (33) is covered in concrete up to the three quarters of the height of longitudinal channels (2) and transversal channels (3). When the concrete solidifies we obtain a completely mobile, portable and supporting pre-cast monolithic slab (33) which rests along its edges onto the props with the capping beam (31) next to the walls. Upon the mounting, there is set the additional reinforcing mesh (32) over the entire slab, the additional armoured concrete beams onto the walls and the additional reinforcement (36) inside the connecting rib between the two slabs. Hereupon, carried out is covering with concrete of the remaining part of longitudinal channels (2) and transversal channels (3) and the concrete slab thick 5 to 6 cm over the pre-cast monolithic grillage of girders cassette slab (33) by turning it into the monolithic grillage of girders cassette reinforced concrete slab (37) with shaped styrofoam elements (1) in the function of a closed formwork in the phase of covering with concrete and a powerful thermoinsulation built-in structurally inside the ceiling in the exploitation phase, according to Figure 10a; Figure 10b; Figure 10c; Figure 11a; Figure 11b.
Blocks (38), according to Figure 6a, for building are insulating formwork ones, these blocks are designed to have two thick longitudinal vertical prismatic opposite longitudinal walls (39) and three transversal lower walls, the first transversal wall (40) of which has a recess where the tooth of the following block for building comes into. The third transversal vertical wall (41), which is the ending one, has the tooth that enters into the recess (40) of the adjacent block. The central transversal vertical wall (42) is twice thicker than the ending ones, due to the fact that the vertical cavities (43) always correspond vertically when building up the walls. The transversal walls (40, 41, 42) are by 25 % shorter in height than the longitudinal ones (39) so as to accomplish even the longitudinal connection by means of the horizontal channel (44) that can be reinforced by horizontal steel bars (45), according to Figure 6b., while building up the wall panel (46), according to Figure 7.
When building up the wall panel is completed, inside every second vertical cavity (43) is placed the vertical reinforcing steel anchor (47) in the form of "U"-shaped steel bars and that reinforcement is used as the anchor for taking up the facing walls onto the building.
Thereupon into the vertical cavities (43) which have no reinforcement inside, is set a flexible waterproof cloth hose (48) rubberized from inside to prevent even the leakage of air. The hose is at its top end glued onto the rectangular metal plate with a screw valve whereto connected is the air hose. At the bottom end, the flexible waterproof cloth hose (48) has a steel ball the weight of which is 0,5 kg so as to ease the entry into the vertical cavity (43) for the blocks (38) for building up the masoned wall panel (46), according to Figure 7. The flexible waterproof cloth hose (48) is filled with air and thereupon the cavities (43) are filled with concrete but only those cavities wherein is set the vertical reinforcing steel anchor (47).
Immediately upon solidification has been started, air is sucked out from the hose (48) and the hoses are relocated into the other masoned wall panel (46) according to Figure 7.
Upon building up the masoned wall panels (46) and mounting on the building under construction by leaving the steel anchor-bars (49) to protrude from the floor below in order to enter into the unfilled cavities (43). Thereupon the reinforcing steel (49) in the form of "U"-shaped steel bars placed inside the open unfilled cavities (43) and at the very building is carried out filling the concrete into the unfilled cavities (43) and, thus, it is made monolithic as the best quality monolithic connection of reinforced concrete. Hence, we obtain the supporting structure (50) of concrete and a reinforcement inside the blocks (38) for building and the masoned wall panels (46), according to Figure 8a; Figure 8b.

Claims

Building structure achieved of pre-cast monolithic walls and interfloor slabs,
∘ wherein the interfloor slabs comprise an expanded polystyrene block cut by means of CNC machine with a red wire to form a shaped styrofoam element
(1) which has three longitudinal channels (2) and three transversal channels (3), and at the ends there is the very same transversal channel (3) only split in two parts,

∘ wherein the longitudinal channels (2) are conical at their lower part next to the bottom of the channel with two first lower opposite sides (4) positioned to form an acute angle of 65° in relation to the bottom (5) of the longitudinal channel,

∘ wherein the central part of the longitudinal channel (2) has two vertical opposite sides (6) from which are continued two first upper opposite sides (7) sloped to the longitudinal channel (2) to the top elevation and define a large surface (8) and a smaller surface (9) between the longitudinal channels (2) and the transversal channels (3),

∘ wherein the transversal channels (3) cross the longitudinal channels (2) and have a bottom (10) the height of which equals to the height of the bottom (5) of the longitudinal channel (2),

∘ wherein the transversal channels (3) between longitudinal channels (2) are also conical at their lower part next to the bottom (10) thereof with second lower opposite sides (11) being defined under an acute angle of 65° in relation to the bottom (10) of the transversal channel,

∘ wherein the central part of the transversal channel (3) has two vertical opposite sides (12) from which are continued two second upper opposite sides (13) sloped to the transversal channel up to the top elevation and to the large surface (8) and to the smaller surface (9) between the longitudinal channels (2) and the transversal channels (3),

∘ wherein the transversal channels (3) at their endings have thin and 5 cm high vertical walls (14,15) that prevent concrete to leak out at the first stage of filling the shaped styrofoam element (1) with concrete,

∘ wherein the shaped styrofoam element (1) has a completely bottom flat surface (16) and a minimal thickness of 5 cm at the thinnest part where the longitudinal channels (2) and transversal channels (3) are located and defines in the direction of longitudinal channels (2) at the external sides of the shaped styrofoam element (1), vertical areas (17) positioned between transversal channels (3).
Building structure, according to claim 1,
∘ wherein inside the longitudinal channels (2) next to its bottom (5) between the sloped first lower opposite sides (4) there is positioned a metal distancer and reinforcement holder (18) shaped of 1,5 mm thick steel sheet metal having at opposite ends thereof bottom surfaces (19) which rest onto the bottom (5) of the longitudinal channel (3),

∘ wherein parts of the bottom surfaces (19) of the distancer and reinforcement holder (18) are flexed under a blunt angle of 115° in relation to the bottom surface (19) to form two opposite sloped inner surfaces (20) which are connected together by a flat connecting part (21) of the sheet metal which at its central part, and between the opposite sloped inner surfaces (20), has a machined recess (22) in order to increase the rigidity of the sheet metal (21),

∘ wherein further parts of the bottom surfaces (19) of the distancer and reinforcement holder (18) slope under an acute angle of 65° to form two opposite slanted outer sides (23) that follow the slope (4) of the longitudinal channel (2) inside which the distancer and reinforcement holder (18) is set,

∘ wherein the slanted opposite outer sides (23) continue into horizontal surfaces (24) which by splitting to give one flat upper horizontal surface (25), and one sloped downward part (26),

∘ wherein into the distancers and reinforcement holder (18) is forced a reinforcing truss (27) which is strengthened and exerts pressure onto opposite parts (26) of the distancer and reinforcement holder (18) which by means of the flat horizontal surfaces (25) and the sloped downward parts (26) prevent the reinforcing truss (27) against slipping out,

∘ wherein onto the flat connecting part (21) of the distancer and reinforcement holder (18) is placed additional reinforcing (28) in the form of flat steel bars.
Building structure, according to claims 2, comprising 1m wide semi- fabricated interfloor three-channel joists (30) which are mounted one next to another onto props with capping beams (31),
∘ wherein the semi-fabricated interfloor three-channel joist (30) consists of a number of said shaped styrofoam elements (1) arranged one behind the other whereby the longitudinal channels (2) correspond thus forming a longitudinal channel the length of which, when required, can be larger and having placed therein are the distancer and reinforcement holders (18) holding reinforcing steel trusses (27) and, when required, the additional reinforcing (28) in the form of flat steel bars,

∘ wherein each three-channel joist (30) has three longitudinal channels (2) and the transversal channels (3) at the axial spacing of 50 cm,

∘ wherein inside transversal channels (3) is set transversal reinforcement (29) along the whole width of three-channel joist (30),

∘ wherein the longitudinal channels (2) and the transversal channels (3) are filled with concrete up to the height such that the transversal steel bar (29) is covered with concrete in a layer 5 mm thick, thus giving, when the concrete becomes solid in the transversal channels (3) and the longitudinal channels (2), a completely mobile and portable semi-fabricated 1m wide interfloor three-channel joists (30) and having a length length that varies depending on requirements for the building structure,

∘ wherein arranged one next to the other and thereupon positioned is an additional reinforcing steel mesh (32) over the arranged semi-fabricated interfloor three-channel joists (30) and all that is covered in concrete to the full height of the longitudinal channels (2) and the transversal channels (3) with an additional covering with concrete onto the slab the thickness of which is 5 to 6 cm over the entire surface, thus forming when the concrete becomes solid a monolithic grillage of girders cassette reinforced concrete slab (37) with the shaped styrofoam elements (1).
Building structure according to claims 2 or 3, wherein said shaped styrofoam elements (1) are set longitudinally, one behind the other but also transversally one next to the other, at least two or more, thus forming a portable pre-cast monolithic grillage of girders cassette slab (33) which, along its edges, rests onto props with the capping beam (31) next to walls,
∘ wherein the pre-cast monolithic grillage of girders cassette slab (33) comprises the longitudinal supporting reinforcing steel truss (27) and the additional reinforcing steel bars (28) on the distancer and reinforcement holders (18),

∘ wherein in the transversal channels (3) a bottom steel bar (34) is placed under the reinforcing steel trusses (27) and a top steel bar (35) is placed onto the reinforcing steel trusses (27) vertically,

∘ wherein the ends of the bottom and top steel bars (34, 35) slope and overlap in the space outside the shaped styrofoam elements (1),

∘ wherein the fabricated monolithic grillage of girders cassette slab (33) is covered in concrete up to three quarters of the height of the longitudinal channels (2) and the transversal channels (3),

∘ wherein upon the mounting on the building under construction additional reinforcing mesh (32) is placed over the entire surface of the grillage of girders cassette slab (33), over additional armoured concrete beams on the walls and over the additional reinforcement (36) in the connecting rib between two slabs,

∘ wherein and upon this a covering with concrete of the remaining parts of the longitudinal channels (2) and the tranversal channels (3) to form a concrete slab thick from 5 to 6 cm over the pre-cast monolithic grillage of girders cassette slab (33) is done, thus forming monolithic grillage of girders cassette reinforced concrete slabs (37) with shaped styrofoam elements (1).
Building structure, according to claims 1, 2, 3, or 4, comprising insulating formwork building blocks (38) of light concrete each having two thick longitudinal vertical prismatic opposite longitudinal walls (39) and three transversal lower walls (40, 41, 42),
∘ wherein the first transversal wall (40) has a recess in which a tooth of the next insulating formwork masonry block enters,

∘ wherein the third transversal vertical wall (41), which is the ending one, has a tooth that enters into the recess of the first transversal wall (40) of the adjacent block and

∘ wherein the central transversal vertical wall (42) is twice thicker than the ending ones, so as to form corresponding vertical cavities (43) when building up the walls from the blocks,

∘ wherein the transversal walls (40, 41, 42) are by 25% less than the height of longitudinal walls (39) so as to define in a longitudinal direction of the blocks a horizontal channel (44) which is reinforced by horizontal steel bars (45) placed therein,

∘ wherein the blocks form a wall panel (46),

∘ wherein inside every second vertical cavity (43) vertical reinforcement (47) in the form of "U"-shaped bars is set as an anchor for taking up a facing wall on the building under construction,

∘ wherein inside the vertical cavities (43) of the wall panel with no reinforcement (47) is placable a flexible waterproof cloth hose (48) rubberized from inside and at its top ending is glued onto the metal rectangular screw valve plate which is connectable to a-hose with air while, at the bottom end, the flexible waterproof cloth hose (48) has a steel ball, the weight of which is 0,5 kg, to ease the entry into the vertical cavity (43),

∘ wherein the blocks (38) for building up the masoned wall panel (46) are covered with concrete in every second vertical cavity (43) wherein vertical reinforcement (47) is also set, so that upon the reinforcement of concrete and building up and mounting the masoned wall panel (46) onto the building structure, into vertical cavities (43) unfilled with concrete is set further vertical reinforcement (49),

∘ wherein the unfilled cavities are covered in concrete, thus completing the masoned reinforced concrete wall panel (46) with supporting structure of concrete and reinforcement (50) inside the insulating formwork blocks (38),