RU2465415C1 - Wall unit (versions), material for manufacturing of wall units, mould to manufacture wall units (versions), method to make wall units and flow line to manufacture wall units - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: wall unit is arranged in the form of a faceted structure from a hardened material, having a face surface arranged on the outer face side of the unit, an inner surface arranged on the inner side of the unit, lower, upper and side surfaces, at the same time the unit comprises a face layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer arranged serially along its width, besides, the face layer has thickness of s1, which is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inner layer is less than the thickness s1 of the face layer, the latter contains cement, a plasticiser and ground haydite with fractions within 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the unit contains cement, a plasticiser and haydite with fractions within 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the unit contains sand, cement and a plasticiser, the specified thicknesses of the unit layers are selected depending on the width S of the unit and are in the ratio of s1:s2:s3=(0.10-0.17)S:(0.89-0.79)S:(0.007-0.037)S, the unit comprises a L-shaped crest made in the face layer and covering it at two adjacent lateral and lower sides, and also a L-shaped groove made in the face layer and covering at two other adjacent lateral and upper sides of the unit, the crest and the groove are installed in a single plane, parallel to the face surface of the unit, the surface of the crest and the groove, the face and inner surfaces are arranged as solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and lateral sides of the unit arranged between the face and inner layers are made as rough with grooves stretching inside the unit from 0.1 mm to 20 mm between fractions, at the same time the length of the unit L at its face side is selected depending on the width S of the unit within the limits of L=(0.99-1.01)S, the length Lin of the unit at its inner side is selected as equal to the length of the unit at its face side, the face surface of the unit is arranged at the distance s4 from the crest axis, the inner surface of the unit is arranged at the distance s5 from the crest axis, which is more than the distance s4, besides, s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4=(0.08-0.16)s5. Also the versions of units design are described, as well as a material for manufacturing of a unit, versions of molds for manufacturing of a unit, the method to manufacture the unit and a line for unit manufacturing.

EFFECT: reduced weight of units, its higher strength, provision of possibility to increase strength of units connection in a wall, simplified technology of production by usage of moulds from unified elements, using a simplified method for manufacturing of units and a line for method implementation.

41 cl, 61 dwg

Description

The technical solutions presented in this description relate, firstly, to building elements in the form of blocks that differ in shape, composition of the material from which they are made, designs containing various layers of the block with properties corresponding to these layers. Such blocks contain fillers for various purposes, including heat insulating fillers, or elements in the form of, for example, insulation layers or gaskets, the blocks having means for reliably connecting the layers to each other, or molecular connectors located between adjacent layers of the block, forming transition layers at the junctions of the layers of the block .

Technical solutions also apply to materials containing, in certain proportions, a binder, sand, expanded clay, plasticizer and water, which, after mixing, form a liquid, semi-liquid or pasty mass, ready for the manufacture of blocks in molds by molding.

In accordance with the structural solutions of the blocks, the technical solutions presented in this description also relate to methods for manufacturing blocks from these materials using molds, as well as to methods for manufacturing blocks by means of molds from a material cured in the form.

Technical solutions also relate to sequentially located means of manufacturing blocks designed to perform many operations performed on the material, and such manufacturing tools are technologically and structurally interconnected into a single mass production line of mass production of blocks.

All the technical solutions presented in this description are intended for their use in the production of building wall elements used in construction, including the construction of insulated low-rise structures of houses and structures.

The description shows the construction of sixteen variants of the wall block, the material for the manufacture of blocks, six variants of the forms for the manufacture of wall blocks, a method of manufacturing blocks and a production line for the manufacture of blocks.

The construction of wall blocks and the material from which these blocks are made are characterized as lightweight expanded clay concrete structures with large heat-insulating properties and relatively high strength, intended mainly for the construction of low-rise buildings, as well as for the erection of walls of buildings for various purposes, with each of the known blocks characterized the fact that it is made of a binder cured material based on expanded clay and cement, has a faceted shape, for example, in the form of a parallelepiped and soda there is a façade front surface, an inner surface of the block opposite it, side surfaces, upper and lower surfaces, moreover, at least one indicated surface (except the front) has a ridge or groove, each of which is designed to interact with a mating groove or ridge connected to the block of the adjacent block. Such blocks are presented, for example, on the Internet at the sites: sdom.biz/production/wall2; www.rosser.ru; www.gutton.ru/brick/ftrated.ru, as well as in the patent documentation of the Russian Federation (RU 2304674, publ. 08.20.2007; RU 2274712, 04.20.2006; RU 2274712, 04.20.2006; RU 2309134, 10.27.2007; RU 2096566, 11/20/1997; RU 2176711, 12/10/2001; RU 92006234, 02/10/1995; RU 95113536, 07/27/1997; RU 2219315, 12/20/2003; RU 2244853, 02/27/2004; RU 2224852, 02/27/2004; RU 2225486 , March 10, 2004; RU 95112563, December 20, 1997; RU 2404332, November 20, 2010; RU 2407866, December 27, 2010).

Blocks are known that are close to the technical solution presented in this description and are characterized by the fact that layers are provided in their structures that characterize the blocks as multilayer blocks. Known, for example, is a block consisting of several vertical layers, the outer of which is made of building sand concrete, formed either by vibrocompression or by vibration casting with initial crystallization, and the block is used in the form of formwork to form subsequent adjoining layers made of either cellular concrete or from concrete with lightweight aggregates (RU 2003126451 A, 03/10/2005).

Also close to the claimed block is a layered building block containing a front layer, concrete building layers and a heat-insulating layer located between them, while the thickness layers are selected in the ratio A: B: C: D = 0.4: 1.2: 3, 2: 5.3, where A is the front layer, B is the concrete inner layer, C is the heat-insulating layer, D is the concrete inner bearing layer. In this block, layers B and D are connected by fiberglass rods, the front layer is made of a mixture of gray or white cement grade M-400, expanded clay, sand and water in a ratio of 2.4: 2.2: 5.4: 1.0 with the addition of a mixture of 10% plasticizer and coloring pigment, and a chamfer is made around the perimeter of the front layer (RU 2208101 C1, 07/10/2003).

A block is known close to the claimed one, containing a sealed shell with grooves and a filler, the upper and lower sides of the sealed shell are made of reinforced polyamide, grooves are made in the opposite side faces, compressed air is used as a filler, a hole is made for supplying compressed air to one of the side faces with a nipple (RU 83089 U1, 05.20.2009). This design allows to reduce the mass of the block and cost due to the use of compressed air as a filler, as well as to increase the convenience of its transportation by reducing the final dimensions of the block.

A heat-insulating building block is known having grooves on opposite large sides, the block is made of heat-insulating material and is equipped with a girdle groove dividing the block into outer and inner parts in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds located offset from each other in vertical and horizontal planes by the amount of overlapping surfaces of adjacent mating blocks when masonry, and the thickness of the outer part of the block is greater than the thickness of the inner part of the block, the block is made of wood concrete and side the walls of the girdle groove are made oblique with the groove expanding outward, and the wall made of such blocks provides that the blocks are connected by means of connecting elements and such a wall is provided with a frame consisting of stiffeners placed in channels formed by the girdle grooves of adjacent stacked blocks, while the stiffeners are made in the form of rods made of heat-insulating material of higher strength than the material of the building block (RU 2008142372 A, 05/10/2010).

A wall block is known containing an array of lightweight concrete, the front side of which has a decorative protective coating, the inner side of the block also having a protective coating and leveled, while the total thickness of the block is equal to the thickness of the wall for which it will be applied, and between the outer and inner layers of the block connecting elements are placed (RU 82728 U1, 05/10/2009).

Close to the claimed is also a multilayer tongue-and-groove building block (options), consisting of a decorative layer, a bearing layer and a heat-insulating layer located between them, while the block has transverse protrusions, and the bearing layer is made of a heat-insulating layer (RU 77625 U1, 10.27.2008) .

Close to the claimed is also a multilayer building block containing a decorative layer, a Central layer located between the outer and inner layers, while the building block is made of expanded clay mixture and is characterized in that the thickness A of the decorative layer is 7-12 mm, the thickness B of the inner layer is 8-17 mm, the thickness C of the central layer is 354-379 mm, the thickness D of the outer structural layer is 6-17 mm, and the central layer is made of expanded clay coarse-grained concrete, density block in dry condition amounts to 650-850 kg / m ^3, the mixture (material) block contains, based on 1 m ³ of mix: expanded clay gravel fraction 8-22 mm bulk density of 350-450 kg / m ³ to 1 m ³ portland cement 130 -140 kg, polyvinyl acetate glue in a volume of 1.3-1.7 l, water 115-125 l, and the mixture for the manufacture of external and internal structural layers contains expanded clay gravel fractions of 0.1-5.5 mm with a bulk density of 450-550 kg / m ³ (RU 95697 U1, 07/10/2010).

In the constructions of the known blocks, materials for their manufacture are provided, in particular, material for the manufacture of building blocks, a building element and a method for its manufacture are known, the material containing cement of 20-50%, plaster or lime of 5-20%, water, glue and a light filler which use 20-70% sawdust (RU 93058241 A, 01/10/1996).

Known building element in the form of a polyhedron, the material of which contains wt.%: Volcanic ash 5-32, sand 0-32, expanded clay 45-75, Portland cement 400-10, water - the rest, and the element contains a finishing layer with a thickness of 5-45 mm, made from a mixture of wt.%: marble or other crumbs (granite, tuff, basalt, gravel, limestone and other known) 0-50, Portland cement 400-30, water - the rest, and at least one of the faces of the element is convex or concave regular simple or complex shapes, such as spherical, cylindrical Coy, pyramidal. The manufacture of the element is carried out by molding using technological equipment (RU 2173374 C1, 09/10/2001).

Also known is a building wall block containing expanded clay concrete base and an external facing layer connected to it including white cement, quartz sand and plasticizer, as well as an inner layer including gray cement and quartz sand (RU 92436 U1, 03.20.2010). The base of this block includes expanded clay, gray cement and quartz sand. Expanded clay, gray cement and quartz sand are used in a ratio of 5: 1: 0.1, while in the facing layer white cement, quartz sand and plasticizer are accepted in a ratio by weight corresponding to 1: 3: 0.2, in the inner layer gray cement and quartz sand are taken in the ratio by weight corresponding to (1-3) :( 2-2.7). This block is formed while hardening the solutions of the corresponding components of the base, the outer and inner layers. Expanded clay is used in the fraction of 10-20 mm, and plasticizer C-3 is used in the facing layer.

The composition of the material is close to the well-known two-layer facing building element (2 options) in the form of a monolithic massif with a facing layer having a geometric shape, while in the first embodiment of the building element the building layer is made of a mixture material, including small and large fillers, Portland cement of the brand is not below 400 and water, and the facing layer is made of a mixture of Portland cement of any color, filler and water, and the mixtures for the materials of both layers are used in a semi-dry phase state, as For fine aggregate, quartz sand and expanded clay sand with a fineness modulus of 1.1-2.8 were used as crushed aggregate, crushed expanded clay gravel with fractions of 5-10 mm was used as a large filler, and Portland cement M500 was included in the coating layer, and semi-dry phase state of the building layer contains (wt.%) Portland cement 20-35; expanded clay sand 5-37; silica sand 0-37; crushed expanded clay gravel 5-45; water - the rest, and in the mixture of the facing layer in a dry phase state contains (wt.%) Portland cement 15-30; sand 60-75; water - the rest (RU 2006102574 A, 08/10/2007). From the second version of this technical solution, a two-layer building element is known in the form of a monolithic massif having a geometric shape made of a mixture material, including small and coarse filler, Portland cement grade not lower than 400 and water, and the facing layer is made of a mixture of Portland cement of any color, filler and water, moreover, mixtures for materials of both layers were used in a semi-dry phase state; quartz sand or expanded clay sand was used as a fine filler for the material of the building layer solid with a coarse modulus of 1.1-2.8, gravel and / or crushed stone of dense rocks were used as a coarse aggregate, and Portland cement M500 was included in the composition of the facing layer, moreover, the semi-dry phase state of the building layer contains (wt.%): Portland cement 10 -twenty; expanded clay sand 5-36; silica sand 0-36; gravel 10-26; water - the rest, and the mixture of the facing layer in a dry phase state contains (wt.%): Portland cement 15-30; sand 60-75; water - the rest (RU 2006102574, 08/10/2007).

Also close to the technical solution presented in this description is a modular facade block (options) and a set of modular facade blocks, while the facade block in the form of a prism is made of building mixtures and it has a front and inner back surface, horizontal and vertical side surfaces with recesses in in the form of longitudinal grooves running along the length of the faces of the block, and the longitudinal parts of the side faces bordering the rear surface of the block are deepened by up to half the depth of the grooves, the rear surface five blocks made with special recesses for gripping arms and a notch block and the block dimensions are modular in three coordinate axes (RU 97751 U1, 20.09.2010). This patent presents a set of modular facade blocks, consisting of ordinary, angular, window, door, cornice, modular and facade blocks of various overall dimensions, which differ in that the overall dimensions of any block from the set of blocks are multiple to dimensional modules along coordinate axes.

Close to the technical solution of blocks (options) presented in this description is a building block, including a building layer, a supporting layer and a heat-insulating layer located between them, the layers are reinforced with rigid or flexible elements, while the building layer is combined with the front layer in one textured layer and, like the carrier layer, they are connected to the heat-insulating layer by means of highly adhesive intermediate layers (RU 65068 U1, 07.27.2007). In this block, a profile is made along two or four faces for joining along the groove-comb system, and the intermediate layers are made using polymer compositions, while the textured or carrier layer is made of a solution with a heavy or light natural or artificial filler. The block can be made ordinary, angular or interfloor.

Close to the technical solution presented in this description is a wall two-layer block (options), including a structural layer and a front textured layer, characterized in that it is made in one piece, and the structural layer is made of a mixture of light concrete, and the front textured layer is made by vibropressing the front surface downward mixture of heavy concrete with a plasticizer with the possibility of the formation of a glossy or matte smooth front surface of the block (RU 91690 U1, 02.27.2010). In this block, the content of plasticizer is 0.2-0.7 by weight of cement, the structural layer includes a mixture of light concrete with natural artificial or porous filler, the front texture layer is made of a mixture of heavy concrete, including granite screening, the front texture layer contains dye. At least one protrusion is additionally made on one side surface of the block, and at least one depression having a conjugate shape, size and position relative to the protrusion shape is made on the opposite side surface.

Close to the technical solution of the blocks (options) presented in this description is a known concrete building block, including a concrete front layer, a concrete supporting layer, a heat-insulating layer located between them and metal or plastic jumpers that penetrate the heat-insulating layer and are located at an angle in horizontal and vertical planes while the front layer is made of a mixture of cement, porous filler, sand, plasticizer and water, and the concrete carrier layer is made of a mixture of cement porous filler, sand, foaming agent and water, characterized in that the said layers are selected by thickness in the ratio A: B: C = (1) :( 1.3-3) :( 1.3-3), where A is the front layer, B is the heat-insulating layer, C is the supporting layer, while a reinforcing additive is additionally introduced into the mixture for the front layer in the following ratio of components, parts by weight: cement 1; porous filler 0.6-0.9; sand 2.3-2.6; plasticizer 0.001-0.03; reinforcing additive 0.0005-0.0025; water 0.3-0.6, and a plasticizer is additionally introduced into the mixture for the manufacture of a concrete carrier layer in the following ratio of components, parts by weight: cement 1; porous filler 1.3-2.6; sand 0.6-1.9; plasticizer 0.001-0.03; foaming agent 0.001-0.025, water 0.3-0.55 (RU 2007149007 A, 06.27.2009).

Another close to the technical solution of blocks (options) presented in this description is the known system of concrete building blocks, each of which includes a front layer, a bearing layer and a heat-insulating layer located between them, while the thicknesses of these layers are selected from the ratio A: B: C: D = 0.7: 2.3: 3.3: 5.7, where A is the thickness of the front layer, B is the thickness of the bonding layer; C is the thickness of the insulating layer; D is the thickness of the carrier layer, while the layers are interconnected by metal or plastic jumpers passing through the heat-insulating layer, the ends of which are sealed, respectively, in the front and carrier layers (RU 2208102 C1, 07/10/2003).

Also close to the technical solution presented in this description is a well-known multilayer building block (options) made monolithic and heat-insulating based on encapsulated porous filler bonded at the points of contact, characterized in that it contains three heat-insulating layers, and the middle layer consists of filler fractions of 5-10 mm, or 8-12 mm, or 10-16 mm, and the extreme layers consist of a filler of a fraction of 0.83 mm or 1-5 mm, and also additionally contains a decorative layer made on the basis of e sand-expanded clay mortar with the addition of dye or applying relief to it (RU 88703 U1, 11/22/2009).

Also known is a block that uses Portland cement - 200-250, building sand - 50-160, expanded clay-gravel 300-600, saponified wood resin 0.2-0.7, water 65-95, granular polystyrene foam - 0.5- 1.0 (RU 93103 U1, 04.20.2010).

The mentioned structural solutions of the blocks solve the technical problems posed by the means corresponding to them, which, however, do not allow reaching the specified level of strength of the blocks while reducing their weight, service life, simplifying the production process of the blocks, as well as simplifying the technology of erecting walls with different configurations in plan. Some of the close technical solutions are relatively complex in design, complicating the manufacturing technology of the blocks, and such designs are associated with the use of complex forms for forming blocks. Significant from the point of view of manufacturability of masonry walls of blocks are the structural designs of the blocks, which provide the convenience of masonry and reduce the time required to control the masonry, while the known technical solutions to the tasks are not fully solved. The unsatisfactory strength of the connection of the blocks to each other during the laying of the wall due to the fact that the abutting surfaces of adjacent blocks do not have the means to increase the strength of the joints of the blocks to each other, except for known means - the composition of the cement-sand mixture or the composition of the mastic, through which adjacent blocks are connected between themselves in the process of laying the wall.

Methods for the manufacture of wall blocks are characterized by a sequence of operations for forming block layers, for example, in a known method, a multilayer building block is made containing facing, heat-insulating and structural layers, for which technological partitions are installed in the form, then the forms are filled by sequential supply of solutions of the facing, heat-insulating and structural layers, after which the solution is molded, the product is exposed and removed from the mold, and before that you In order to complete these operations, plates of elastic elastic material are placed on the bottom of the mold, the dimensions and configuration of which correspond to the sizes and configuration of the blocks being manufactured, plates with a film of elastic flexible material located along their lower ends and side surfaces, which are installed after filling, are used as technological partitions forms, introducing them with the lower ends into the gap between the said plates of elastic material, exposure is carried out before setting solutions, after which the plates of the technological partitions are removed, leaving the aforementioned film fixed between the ends of the plates of elastic material until the solutions solidify completely (RU 2005108138 A, 09/10/2006).

A building element and a method of its manufacture are known, wherein the element comprises longitudinal and transverse ribs, between which are plates of variable stiffness made polygonal in the cross section, and through holes for connecting elements are formed in the longitudinal ribs. A method of manufacturing such building elements is based on the use of traditional production technologies by industrial methods of building structures from heavy concrete, during which operations are performed only on metalform elements (RU 2074295 C1, 02.27.1997).

A known method of manufacturing a wall block and wall construction with blocks made by this method, and the task of the method is achieved in that the block is made on the basis of cement mortars containing at least a layer of fine concrete and a heat-insulating layer of light concrete, located in one horizontal row, the method includes the installation and removal of technological partitions, filling the form with solutions of the layers and their vibration, the method provides for technological partitions, ra dividing the form into a series of horizontally arranged cells corresponding to the number of layers of the wall block, as well as the fact that the form is set before filling it at an angle to the vertical, depending on the density of the layers with an inclination towards the less dense layer at an angle of up to 20 °, counting from the intersection point vertical with the bottom of the mold, the mold cell is filled with a solution of one layer and the technological partitions are removed at the same angles at which they were installed in the mold, and then all the layers of the sol ora (RU 2225487 C2, 03/10/2004). The objective of the invention is the creation of a wall building block, which allows to increase the heat-insulating properties of the wall, both on its straight and corner sections, window and door openings, while ensuring the strength necessary for the construction of buildings of high and uneven floors.

There is also a known method of manufacturing three-layer wall panels, the technical result of which is to increase the thermal resistance and water resistance of the panels, for which the manufacturing method provides for the manufacture of the upper extreme and intermediate layers in two stages in a horizontal position, the lower extreme and intermediate layers being simultaneously delaminated during vibration light concrete mixture containing porous coarse aggregates, and the upper extreme layer - by subsequent application of ra the target mixture onto the intermediate layer, while the light-concrete mixture is used porous, the vibration is carried out at the time of intensive expansion of this mixture, laid on the facing facing, and for the manufacture of the panel using the specified mixture, wt.%: expanded clay - 54-32, Portland cement - 14.2-14.41, quartz sand fraction 0.14-063 mm - 21.5-21.76, superplasticizer - 0.1-0.19, aluminum powder - 0.05-0.1, water - the rest (RU 2219316 C2, 05/10/2003).

A known method of manufacturing wall products from lightweight concrete with a front textured layer, including preparing the molding material, laying it in a mold, two-layer molding, characterized in that the molding material for the front textured layer is prepared from a cement-sand mixture with the addition of iron oxide pigments of different colors, and the molding material for the main layer is prepared from a light-concrete mixture, including natural or artificial porous fillers, which are laid in the form of a collapsible or removable formwork, with a removable technological tray installed in it, then compaction is performed by pressing light concrete mixture and into the mold volume remaining after compacting light concrete mixture, a layer of cement-sand mixture with added iron oxide pigments is placed on this mixture, then the upper punch with a matrix is installed on the last layer, size and the form of which is identical to the formwork and the removable technological tray installed in it, after which molding is carried out, including simultaneous compression and vibropressing Loew, are in the form of (RU 2288838 C1, 10.12.2006). The method involves the production of products having a front textured layer.

A known method for the production of multilayer stone wall, including the formation of a fixed formwork by installing a closed outer form, the sides of which are made with vertical slots, on a pallet or on another flat surface, and then placed symmetrically inside it like an inner insert, the sides of which are equipped with vertical slots corresponding to the slots of the form, fix the shape relative to each other and the insert with vertical elements installed in the slots fill the space between with sand and concrete using sand concrete, monolith it by vibrocompression or by vibration casting, then remove the form, insert and vertical elements, form cells inside the resulting fixed formwork by laying interconnecting dividing walls, the free ends of which are fixed in the slots of the sides of the fixed formwork received from vertical elements, after which the cells are filled with either cellular concrete or concrete on lightweight fillers in the form of polystyrene, expanded clay, sawdust, ash, stand, dry They divide, divide the partition walls and obtain a finished multilayer wall stone sent for stacking. Dividing partitions are made with vertical slots equal in height to at least half the height of the partition and a width not less than the thickness of the partition, and the height of the partitions is equal to the height of the mold, the outer shape, the inner insert and the vertical elements can be made as a whole, for example, welded. The outer layer of fixed formwork can be made of concrete on lightweight fillers, while the content of lightweight fillers in it does not exceed the number of fillers in subsequent subsequent layers adjacent to the fixed formwork (RU 2003126451 A, 03/10/2005).

A known method of filling the cavities of hollow blocks of concrete or other similar material in their manufacture, including the feed using the conveyor of the product with the cavity in it to the filling station, positioning the product under the container with the filler, filling the filler with at least one cavity of the product, simultaneously subjecting it to shaking, and withdrawing the product with a filled cavity or cavities using a conveyor from the filling station. Moreover, the filler is injected into at least one cavity under pressure created by the rotor blades installed in the container containing this filler, and in addition to shaking, they are sealed by applying pressure to it during filling of at least one cavity and / or immediately upon completion of this process. A filling station is provided for implementing the method, which includes a container with a filler made in the form of a feed hopper, a conveyor for moving pallets, each of which has at least one product, and a sealing device for filling under pressure with a filler, according to at least one cavity in the product. The sealing device has at least one rotor located in a container with a filler with guide vanes that are mounted on at least one cantilever holder and which supply filler to at least one cavity in the product (RU 2274713 C2, 04/27/2006). The invention contains means (nodes) interconnected in a line for the manufacture of blocks.

There is also a known method of manufacturing a block, consisting in the fact that concrete mortar is poured into the mold cavity and closed with a lid, and after the mortar hardens, the block is removed from the mold and semicircular grooves are obtained (RU 2074934, 03/10/1997).

A known method of manufacturing a three-layer panel, containing two stages of manufacturing the extreme and intermediate layers in a horizontal position using large porous aggregates and vibrations, while the lower extreme outer and middle layers are formed from porous lightweight concrete mixture on a previously laid in the form of a lining, and the mixture is vibrated at the time of expansion of the mixture (RU 2001111195, 05/10/2003). This method involves the use for the manufacture of blocks of composite material, which is a mixture of components in a semi-liquid state, wt.%: Portland cement 14,41-14,2; silica sand fractions of 0.14-0.63 mm; porous aggregate 21.5-21.76; superplasticizer 0.1-0.19; aluminum powder 0.05-0.1; water is the rest.

Known methods of manufacturing blocks from the point of view of reducing labor costs do not solve the task of simplifying the manufacturing technology of multilayer blocks with a front layer that performs, in addition to the decorative function, a bearing function.

Molds for the manufacture of blocks are characterized in that each of the known forms contains a pallet or bottom, front and rear walls, side walls, walls are interconnected by detachable elements, partitions located parallel to the walls, hollow formers and form formers, in particular, for example , a form in which there is a forming tool made in the form of comb-forming and groove-forming plates, comb-forming plates are fixedly mounted on the bottom and one of the end walls, plates d I formation in the block depressions are movably mounted on the plate placed along a second end wall, wherein blockouts formed as wedge-shaped segments of fixed and mounted on the movable plates pustotoobrazuyuschih (RU 62129 U1, 27.03.2007).

Molding equipment and a method of manufacturing wall blocks are also known, while molding equipment is characterized by the presence of a housing with cavities, each of which is adapted for a pair of mutually interlocking blocks to be connected, each cavity further comprises a first fixing means; elements for separating blocks, each of which contains a supporting part adapted for mounting on the housing and at least one plate for separating blocks attached to the specified supporting part and adapted for mounting in one of these cavities, the plate for separating blocks is adapted for dividing one of these cavities into two separate sub-cavities, each of which is adapted to form one block, and the plate for separating blocks contains a second fastening means (RU 2007125047, 02.20.2009).

The lines and installations for the manufacture of wall blocks are characterized in that they contain means for preparing the concrete mixture, feeders for the individual components of the concrete mixture, a receiving unit for receiving components of the concrete mixture from the feeders, in particular, a line containing a receiving unit, the frame of which is formed by racks, is known upper and lower frames, a receiving hopper in the form of a quadrangular truncated pyramid is mounted on the upper part of the frame and its larger base is facing up, the conveyor for unloading the mixture is located d receiving hopper, feeders suspended on the lower frame are located around the receiving node in close proximity to it from the three sides of the receiving hopper, each feeder contains a frame formed by uprights, upper and lower frames, a feed hopper in the form of a truncated quadrangular pyramid is mounted on the upper frame of the frame a large base up and has a smaller base outlet, the line also has a conveyor that serves to load the mixture component from the feed hopper into the receiving hopper and install at an acute angle to the lower frame so that its lower section is placed under the outlet of the feed hopper, and its upper discharge section is placed above the large base of the receiving hopper, while the conveyor of each feeder is installed in the housing formed by the upper base mounted on the outer surface feed hopper and made for one with this surface, the lower base and side rails rigidly connected to the lower and upper bases (RU 66270 U1, 09/10/2007).

Technological equipment for the manufacture of blocks is also known, which contains a press containing a housing, in the opening of the upper part of which a forming cavity is placed, the formwork bounded below by a removable pallet, guides are installed along the upper part of the housing in which a bottomless dispenser carriage with a front leveling wall is installed, a load for moldable mixture in the form of a plate, a vibrator for sealing the moldable mixture, at least one void and / or groove placed in the cavity plugs and a vertically mounted mechanism for lifting the molded block on the pallet placed under the pallet, the longitudinal sides of the formwork are made in the form of metal sheets mounted on the shelves of longitudinally located corners on their inner side and connected to them, the void and / or groove former is fixed on top of the beam, longitudinally located underneath having a window for the passage of the void and / or groove pallets, and the vibrator is mounted on the beam from the side opposite the void and / or pazoobrazovatelyu and sump is located in the plane of the facing flanges towards each other to form a gap over the smaller magnitude polystyrene beads (RU 66716 U1, 27.09.2007).

From foreign patent documentation (WO2006074538 A1, 07.20.2006), a form and method for manufacturing wall blocks are known; a method of manufacturing blocks (GB 946369 A, 01/15/1964); wall blocks with ridges and grooves, protrusions and grooves (GB 166623 A, 07/08/1921; GB 1133594 A, 11/13/1968; GB 1232530 A, 05/19/1971; GB 972137 A, 10/07/1964; GB 2262547 A, 06/23/1993 ; DE 2852944 A1, 08.21.1980; DE 2614512 A1, 10.13.1977; DE 10041846 A, 03.03.2002; DE 3623784 A, 01.21.1988; US 5230195 A, 07.27.1993; EP 114065 A3, 07.25.1984); molds for the manufacture of blocks from composite materials (DE 3510149 A1, 09/25/1986); lines for the manufacture of wall blocks (EP 0045047 A, 02/03/1982; DE 2614512 A1, 10/13/1977).

All of the above-mentioned known technical solutions do not meet the specified requirements for reducing the mass of the blocks, increasing their strength and strength of the joints of the blocks in the wall, and in the case of forming blocks having different shapes, there are conditions for the complexity of the design of the molds. All this negatively affects the technology of block production.

It should be noted that in the production process of blocks having a multilayer structure, the materials of which the layers of the block are made from the point of view of both the strength of the block and its heat capacity, and from the point of view of the efficiency of forming the layers of the block - maintaining the mass of the mixture in the mold when forming block, reducing its leakage from the gaps and eliminating the dilution of each layer of the block in the form.

The technical result presented in the description of the invention is to reduce the mass of the blocks, increase their strength, provide the possibility of increasing the strength of the joints of the blocks in the wall, simplify the production technology by using forms from standardized elements, use a simplified method of manufacturing blocks and lines for implementing the method.

The technical result is obtained by a wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, wherein the block contains the width of the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inside the early layer is less than the thickness s1 of the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand , cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007 -0.037) S, the block contains a L-shaped row made in the front layer and covering it from two adjacent lateral and lower sides the L-shaped recess, the ridge and the recess are located on the same plane parallel to the face of the block, the surface of the ridge and the recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid and smooth, made in the front layer and covering on two other adjacent side and upper sides of the block and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the block located between the front and inner layers are made rough with recesses extending into the block from 0.1 mm to 20 mm between the fractions, while the length L of the block with its the front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.99-1.01) S, the length Lвн of the block on its inner side is chosen equal to the length of the block on its front side, the front surface of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge , the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5.

The technical result is obtained by a wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, wherein the block contains the width of the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inside the early layer is less than the thickness s1 of the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand , cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007 -0.037) S, the block contains a L-shaped row made in the front layer and covering it from two adjacent lateral and lower sides the L-shaped recess, the ridge and the recess are located on the same plane parallel to the face of the block, the surface of the ridge and the recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid and smooth and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the block, located between the front and inner layers, are made rough with recesses extending into the block from 0.1 to 20 mm between the fractions, the length Lвн of the block with its internal side was chosen equal to the length L of the block from its front side and L = (0.4-0.6) S, while the front surface of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance s5, greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5.

The technical result is obtained by a wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, wherein the block contains the width of the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inside the early layer is less than the thickness s1 of the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand , cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007 -0.037) S, the block contains a comb made in the front layer and located on the lower side, and also made in the front the L-shaped recess, the ridge and the recess are located on the same plane parallel to the face of the block, the surface of the ridge and the recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and side the surface of the block located between the front and inner layers is made rough with recesses extending into the block from 0.1 to 20 mm between the fractions, while the length L of the block from its front side is selected depending ty of the width S of the block within L = (0.99-1.01) S, the front surface of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5, the length Lвн of the block on its inner side is less than the length of the block on its front side, and the right side surface is beveled at an angle α located between the inner surface of the block and its beveled right side surface, the specified angle is selected in the range α = 90-145 °.

The technical result is obtained by a wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, wherein the block contains the width of the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inside the early layer is less than the thickness s1 of the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand , cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007 -0.037) S, the block contains an L-shaped made in the front layer and covering it from two adjacent lower and right lateral sides the ridge, as well as the recess made in the front layer and located on the upper side of the block, the ridge and the recess are located in one plane parallel to the face of the block, the surface of the ridge and the recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and side the surface of the block located between the front and inner layers is made rough with recesses extending into the block from 0.1 to 20 mm between the fractions, while the length L of the block from its front side is selected depending bridges of the width S of the block within L = (0.99-1.01) S, the length Lвн of the block from its inner side is chosen equal to the length of the block from its front side, the front surface of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5, the length Lвн of the block on its inner side is less than the length of the block on its front side, moreover, the left side surface is made beveled at an angle α located between the inner surface of the block and its beveled left side surface, the specified angle is selected in the range α = 90-145 °.

The technical result is obtained by a wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, wherein the block contains the width of the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inside the early layer is less than the thickness s1 of the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand , cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S, (0.007 -0.037) S, the block contains a comb made in the front layer and located on its lower side, and also made in the face the layer and the recess, comb and recess located on the upper side of the block are located in the same plane parallel to the face of the block, the surface of the crest and recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the block located between the front and the inner layers are made rough with recesses extending into the block from 0.1 to 20 mm between the fractions, while the length L of the block from its front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0, 4-0.6) S, the length Lвн of the block from its inner side is selected to be greater than the length of the block from its front side, the front surface of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5, the right side surface is beveled at an angle α, located between the inner surface of the block and its beveled right side surface, the specified angle is selected within α = 60-90 °.

The technical result is obtained by a wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, wherein the block contains the width of the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inside the early layer is less than the thickness s1 of the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand , cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S, (0.007 -0.037) S, the block contains a L-shaped row made in the front layer and covering it from two adjacent lower and right sides the L-shaped recess, the crest and the recess are located in the same plane parallel to the face of the block, the surface of the crest and the recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid and smooth, made in the front layer and covering on two other adjacent upper and left sides of the block and the lower, upper and lateral surfaces of the block, located between the front and inner layers, are made rough with recesses extending into the block from 0.1 to 20 mm between the fractions, while the length L of the block with its face depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.4-0.6) S, the length Lвн of the block on its inner side is chosen to be greater than the length of the block on its front side, the front surface of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge , the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5, the left side surface is beveled at an angle α located between the inner surface of the block and its beveled left side surface, the specified angle in selected within the range of α = 60-90 °.

The technical result is obtained by a wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, wherein the block contains the width of the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inside the early layer is less than the thickness s1 of the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand , cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007 -0.037) S, the block contains L-shaped in the front layer and covering it from two adjacent lower and left lateral sides the ridge, as well as the recess made in the front layer and located on the upper side, the ridge and the recess are located in the same plane parallel to the face of the block, the surface of the ridge and the recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the block located between the front and inner layers are made rough with recesses extending into the block from 0.1 to 20 mm between the fractions, while the length L of the block from its front side is selected depending t of the width S of the block within L = (0.4-0.6) S, the front surface of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5, the length Lвн of the block on its inner side is less than the length of the block on its front side and is selected within the range of Lvn = (0.3-0.35) S, by the right side of the block has a recess with a right angle located at the intersection of the right side surface and the front layer.

The technical result is obtained by a wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, wherein the block contains the width of the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inside the early layer is less than the thickness s1 of the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand , cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007 -0.037) S, the block contains L-shaped in the front layer and covering it from two adjacent lower and left lateral sides the ridge, as well as the indentation, the ridge and the indentation located on the upper side of the block, are located in the same plane parallel to the face of the block, the surface of the ridge and indentation, the front and inner surfaces are solid, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the block, located between the front and inner layers, made rough with recesses from 0.1 to 20 mm between the fractions, the length L of the block from its front side being selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.99-1.01) S , the length Lвн of the block from its inner side is selected within the range of Lвн = (0.7-0.75) S, the front surface of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance greater than the distance s4 while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5, a notch with a right angle located at the intersection of the right side surface and the front layer is made on the right side of the block.

The technical result is obtained by a wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, wherein the block contains the width of the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inside the early layer is less than the thickness s1 of the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand , cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007 -0.037) S, the block contains an L-shaped made in the front layer and covering it from two adjacent lower and right lateral sides the ridge, as well as the recess made in the front layer and located on the upper side of the block, the crest and the recess are located in the same plane parallel to the face of the block, the surface of the crest and recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the block located between the front and inner layers are roughened with recesses from 0.1 to 20 mm between the fractions, while the length L of the block from its front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.99-1.01 ) S, the length Lвн of the block from its inner side is selected within the range of Lв = (0.7-0.75) S, the front surface of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5, a notch with a right angle located at the intersection of the left side surface and the front layer is made on the left side of the block.

The technical result is obtained by a wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, wherein the block contains the width of the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inside the early layer is less than the thickness s1 of the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand , cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007 -0.037) S, the block contains L-shaped in the front layer and located on its adjacent lower and right lateral sides the ridge, as well as the recess made in the front layer and located on the upper side, the ridge and the recess are located in one plane parallel to the face of the block, the surface of the ridge and the recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and side surfaces blocks located between the front and the inner layers are made rough with recesses extending into the block from 0.1 to 20 mm between the fractions, the length L of the block from its front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.4-0.6) S, the front surface of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5, the length Lвн of the block on its inner side is less than the length of the block on its front side, the length Lвн of the block on its inner side is selected within the range of Lvn = (0.3-0, 35) S, on the right side of the block, a recess is made with a right angle located at the intersection of the right side surface and the front layer.

The technical result is obtained by a wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, wherein the block contains the width of the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inside the early layer is less than the thickness s1 of the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand , cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007 -0.037) S, the front and inner surfaces of the block are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the block the k located between the front and inner layers of the block are made rough with recesses extending into the block from 0.1 to 20 mm between the fractions, the length L of the block from its front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.99- 1.01) S, the length Lвн of the block from its inner side is selected within the range of Lвн = (0.4-0.6) S, the front surface of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5, block The first depression is made in the front layer on its upper surface and is broken in the horizontal plane to the second direct depression adjacent to the left side surface, the recesses cover the block from its two adjacent upper and side sides, and the block also contains the front layer made in the front layer the surface is broken in the horizontal plane of the first ridge adjacent to the second straight ridge located on the right side surface on the front side of the block, the ridges cover the block with two x its other adjacent right and lower sides, with a straight ridge on the right side of the block, one part of the broken ridge, which is located on the lower side of the block, and one part of the broken groove on the upper side of the block are located in one vertical plane located at an oblique angle β to the front surface of the block, the second part of the broken crest on the lower side of the block, the recess on the left side of the block and one part of the broken first recess on the upper side of the block are located in another vertical plane located d is the other inverse oblique angle β to the front surface of the block, while the front surface is wedge-shaped with two surfaces adjacent at an angle of 2β to each other, each of which is located at an angle β to the axis of symmetry of the block, the angle β is selected within β = 45-90 °, each side surface of the block is made beveled at an angle α located between the inner surface of the block and its lateral surface within α = 90-145 °.

The technical result is obtained by a wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, wherein the block contains the width of the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inside the early layer is less than the thickness s1 of the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand , cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007 -0.037) S, the front and inner surfaces of the block are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the block k, located between the front and inner layers of the block, are made rough with recesses extending into the block from 0.1 to 20 mm between the fractions, the length L of the block from its front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.4- 0.6) S, the length Lвн of the block from its inner side is selected within the range of Lвн = (0.99-1.01) S, the inner surface of the block is wedge-shaped with two surfaces adjacent at an angle of 2β to each other, each of which is located under angle β to the axis of symmetry of the block, the specified angle is selected within β = 45-90 °, each I block side surface is beveled at an angle α = 90-145 °, disposed between the front surface and the block adjacent to its lateral surface.

The technical result is obtained by a wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material having a lower, upper and side surface, from the outer front side of the block contains right-angled front surfaces forming a protruding corner of the block from the inside of the block contains right-angled internal surfaces forming a rectangular recess forming the internal corner of the block, while the block contains sequentially located in two x its mutually perpendicular directions face layers, intermediate layers and inner layers, and in each indicated direction the face layer has a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inner layer is less than the thickness s1 of the face layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand, cement and plasticizer, indicated the thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block, equal to the length of any side of the block to its specified rectangular recess, the thicknesses of the layers of the block are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89 -0.79) S: (0.007-0.037) S, the length L of the block on each front side of the block is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (1.49-1.51) S, the block contains the one made in the front layer L-shaped ridge located in one plane on the lower surface of the block, as well as a L-shaped recess made in the front layer, which is located in one plane on the upper the surface of the block, the ridge and the recess are located in two parallel planes, the block contains a straight ridge located on the right side of the block, as well as a straight recess located on the left side of the block, the surfaces of the ridges and recesses, the front and inner surfaces of the block are solid and the lower and upper surfaces of the block located between the front and inner layers are made rough with recesses from 0.1 to 20 mm between the fractions, each face of the block is located on the distance s4 from the axis of the ridge parallel to the front surface, each inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.05-0.10) s5, and the length s on each side of the rectangular recess is selected in the range s = (0.4-0.6) L.

The technical result is obtained by a wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having lower, upper surfaces, right and side surfaces located at right angles, the block contains face layers and intermediate layers sequentially arranged in two mutually perpendicular directions, moreover, the front layer has a thickness s1, which is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, the front layer contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the length L of each face of the block, equal to the length of any side of the block, the thickness of the layers of the block are in the ratio s1: s2 = (0.10-0.17) L: (0.89-0.79) L, while the length L of the block on each of its front sides is selected within L = (0.99-1, 01) S, the length of each side of the block is equal to the length of the block on its front side, the block contains a ridge-shaped comb made in the front layer, located In the same plane on the lower side of the block, as well as an L-shaped recess made in the front layer, located in one plane on the upper side of the block, the block also contains a straight ridge located on the right side of the block, as well as a straight recess located on the left the side of the block, the surface of the crests and recesses, the front surfaces of the block are solid, while the lower, upper and side surfaces of the block are roughened with recesses from 0.1 to 20 mm between fractions, each face is rotated the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge or from the axis of the recess, which are parallel to the front surface, each side surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge or from the axis of the recess parallel to the front surface, at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.11-0.21) s5.

The technical result is obtained by a wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outer front side of the block, side, lower and upper surfaces, as well as a front layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer, the front the layer has a thickness s1, which is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the inner layer has a thickness s3, which is less than the thickness of the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with frac between 1 and 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand, cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007-0.037) S, the block also contains a comb made in the front layer, one part of which located on the right side surface of the block by its height, the second part of this ridge is located on half of the lower surface of the block in the direction its length, and the third part of the ridge extends from the second part of the ridge to the front surface of the block, the parts of the ridge form one integral ridge having a complex shape, a recess is made in the front layer of the block, one part of which is located on half of the upper surface of the block, the second part of the recess is located the width of the block and extends from the first part of the recess towards the front surface of the block, and the third part of the recess is located on the front surface of the block by its height, all parts of the recess are interconnected and represent one of the aforementioned recesses having a complex shape, while the surfaces of the ridge and recesses, the front and inner surfaces of the front layer and the inner layer are made continuous and smooth, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the intermediate layer of the block located between the front and inner layers are made rough with recesses 16 from 0.1 to 20 mm, and the length L of the block is selected in the range L = (1.49-1.51) S.

The technical result is obtained by a wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outer front side of the block, side, lower and upper surfaces, as well as a front layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer, the front the layer has a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the inner layer has a thickness that is less than the thickness of the face layer of the block, the face layer contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions in the range of 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions in the range of 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand, cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007-0.037) S, while the block contains a comb made in the front layer, one part of which is located in the middle of the block on its front surface along the height of the block, the second part of the ridge is located on the lower surface 6 of the block in the length of the ridge, the third part of the ridge extends from the second part of the ridge to the first part of the ridge, these parts of the ridge form a single integral ridge having a complex shape, also in the front layer of the block there is a recess, one part of which is located on half of the upper surface of the block along it, the second part of the recess is located along the height of the block on the left side surface, and the third part of the recess extends from its first part towards the front surface of the block, the parts of the recess are connected and are one a hollow having a complex shape, while the surfaces of the ridge and recesses, the front and inner surfaces are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the intermediate layer of the block, located between the front and inner layers, are made rough with recesses from 0.1 to 20 mm between fractions of the intermediate layer, and the length L of the block is selected within L = (1.49-1.51) S.

In all versions of the wall block having recesses and ridges, the height h of the ridge is equal to the depth h1 of the depression, h = (0.05-0.12) N, where H is the height of the block, the comb is made in one with the block by the method of molding it in in the manufacture of the block, the crest has beveled surfaces relative to its longitudinal axis, the recess is made in the array of the block, extends to its middle and has beveled surfaces relative to the longitudinal axis, the recess has a reciprocal cross-sectional shape with respect to the shape of the crest in its cross section.

The technical result is obtained by the material for the manufacture of wall blocks, characterized in that it contains a mixture in the liquid phase, wt.%:

for forming the front layer of the wall block

- expanded clay crushed with fractions of 1-15 mm and specific gravity in the range from 200 to 350 kg / m ³ - 50-60, - Portland M500 cement - 30-40, - plasticizer - 0.7-3.0 - water - (rest);

for forming an intermediate layer of a wall block

- expanded clay with fractions of 5-20 mm and a specific gravity in the range from 200 to 350 kg / m ³ - 70-80, - Portland M500 cement - 20-35, - plasticizer - 0.5-1.0 - water - (rest);

for forming the inner layer of the wall block

- building sand - 50-60, - Portland M500 cement - 30-40, - plasticizer - 1.0-3.0 - water - (the rest).

The technical result is obtained by a mold for the manufacture of wall blocks, characterized in that it comprises a front wall, a rear wall and side walls mounted on a pallet, while the side walls are rigidly connected to the rear wall, each side wall has protrusions in the upper and lower parts that are located in the grooves of the front wall, the form has screw ties located in its middle part made of screws passing through the front and rear walls, which are located in open recesses of the front and rear walls ok and in the holes of the strips adjacent to the front and rear walls, the strips and screws cover the mold on four sides, each screw is located in the recesses of the front and rear walls, in the lower part of the shape of its wall there are ridges and recesses, the longitudinal axes of which are located in one horizontal to a plane parallel to the plane of the pallet, the profile of each recess in its cross section has an identical shape to the profile of each ridge in its cross section, one end of the screw tie is pressed against one bracket, and at the other end of the screw tie the handle is screwed out, the form is made in the form of a box open on the bottom of the pallet mounted on the indicated pallet, the front and rear walls have vertically oriented cuts made in them, made near the recesses, each cut together with the open side of the recess adjacent to it forms a window for unhindered passage through his arms.

The technical result is obtained by a mold for the manufacture of wall blocks, characterized in that it comprises a front wall mounted on a pallet, at least one or a plurality of intermediate walls, a rear wall, at least two pairs or a plurality of side walls, each pair of side walls the walls are rigidly connected to one rear wall or to one intermediate wall, and in this connection, these rigidly connected walls form a separate section connected to an adjacent similar section, extending about t of the back wall of the mold to the front wall located at the other end of the mold, and in the upper and lower parts of each intermediate and front wall there are grooves open at the top and bottom, in which the protrusions of the side walls of the adjacent section are located, the mold also contains trims with holes, as well as screw screeds located in the holes of the slats and in the recesses of the front, rear and intermediate walls, screw ties are made in the form of elongated rods covering the sides, each screw tie is screwed onto one of its ends the handle, planks and screw ties cover the form on four sides in such a way that the planks are in contact with the front and rear walls and are tightened to them by ties, in the lower part of the form of its wall there are ridges and indentations, the longitudinal axes of which are located in one horizontal plane parallel to the plane a pallet on which the walls of the mold are mounted, and the profile of each recess in its cross section is identical to the profile of each ridge in the cross section of the ridge, the shape is made in the form of a box open below and above, installed On the indicated pallet, the front and rear walls have vertically oriented cuts made in them, made near the recesses, each cutout, together with the open side of the recess adjacent to it, forms a window for the handle to freely pass through it.

The technical result is obtained by a mold for the manufacture of wall blocks, characterized in that it contains a front wall mounted on a pallet, a rear wall identical to the intermediate wall, these walls are parallel and vertical on the pallet, side walls and intermediate side walls are located between these walls, the last connected to the front, rear and intermediate wall, each intermediate side wall is inclined at an angle α located between it and the pallet, the angle α is pain wide or smaller than a right angle of 90 °, the side walls are rigidly connected to the rear wall and form a section with it, grooves are made for the protrusions of the adjacent section in the upper and lower parts of the rear wall, each side wall and each side intermediate wall have protrusions located in open grooves of the intermediate wall or in the grooves of the adjacent front wall, the shape has screw ties in its middle part located in the open recesses of the front, rear and intermediate walls, as well as in the holes of the slats, which together with the screw ties they wrap the mold on four sides in such a way that the planks are in contact with the front and rear walls and are tightened by the couplers, each screw coupler has a handle screwed on one end thereof, and in the lower part of the shape of its wall there are ridges and recesses located in one plane, parallel to the plane of the pallet, the form is made in the form of a box open on the bottom and top mounted on the specified pallet, the front and rear walls have vertically oriented cuts made in them, made near the recesses, each cutout Naturally, with the open side of the recess adjacent to it, it forms a window for the handle to freely pass through it.

The technical result is obtained by a mold for the manufacture of wall blocks, characterized in that it contains front and rear walls mounted on a pallet, between which at least one intermediate wall is located, the rear wall has grooves for accommodating protrusions of a separate section to be joined with it, the form contains side walls pairwise opposed to each other, one pair of side walls is rigidly connected to the rear wall, each other similar pair of side walls is rigidly connected to the intermediate wall , in connection with the rear and intermediate walls, each pair of side walls forms a separate section, the sections are interconnected so that the protrusions of the side walls are located in the grooves of the intermediate and front walls, while the side walls are pressed against the intermediate and front walls by screw ties located in the holes front, intermediate and rear walls, screeds cover the form from its two sides and tighten the form in its longitudinal direction along the side walls, each screw coupler has a screw screwed onto one end of it the heel, at the bottom of the form, the inner surfaces of the walls have ridges and indentations with beveled surfaces, the profile of each indentation in its cross section is identical to the profile of each ridge in the cross section of the ridge, while the side walls or side walls located on one side of the form located on both sides of the form inclined at an angle α located between the side wall and the pallet, the angle of inclination of the wall is chosen greater or less than a right angle of 90 °, while the shape has a lower wall formed by a pallet having a crowbar hydrochloric inner surface consisting of two parts, each of which is disposed at an angle β to the vertical axis of symmetry forms, wherein β is greater than or less than a right angle of 90 °, and the shape is formed as an open top and bottom of boxes mounted on said pallet.

The technical result is obtained by a mold for the manufacture of wall blocks, characterized in that it contains front and rear walls mounted on a pallet, between which at least one intermediate wall is located, the rear wall has grooves for accommodating protrusions of a separate section to be joined with it, the form contains side walls pairwise opposed to each other, one pair of side walls is rigidly connected to the rear wall, each other similar pair of side walls is rigidly connected to the intermediate wall , in connection with the rear and intermediate walls, each pair of side walls forms a separate section, the sections are interconnected so that the protrusions of the side walls are located in the grooves of the intermediate and front walls, while the side walls are pressed against the intermediate and front walls by screw ties located in the holes front, intermediate and rear walls, screeds cover the form from its two sides and tighten the form in its longitudinal direction along the side walls, each screw coupler has a screw screwed onto one end of it at the same time, the side walls located on one side of the mold or the side walls located on both sides of the mold are inclined at an angle α located between the side wall and the pallet, the wall angle is greater than or less than the right angle of 90 °, while the mold has a lower a wall formed by a pallet having a broken inner surface consisting of two parts, each of which is located at an angle β to the vertical axis of symmetry of the form, with β being larger or smaller than the right angle of 90 °, and the shape is made in the form of an open from and above the box mounted on the specified pallet.

The technical result is obtained by a mold for the manufacture of wall blocks, characterized in that it contains front and rear walls mounted on a pallet, between which at least one intermediate wall is located, the rear wall has grooves for accommodating protrusions of a separate section to be joined with it, the form contains partitions and side walls in pairs opposite each other, one pair of side walls and a partition are rigidly connected to the rear wall, each other is a similar pair of side walls and partitions rigidly connected to the intermediate wall, in connection with the rear and intermediate walls, each pair of side walls and the partition form a separate section, the sections are interconnected so that the protrusions of the side walls are located in the grooves of the intermediate and front walls, while the side walls are pressed against the intermediate and front the walls with screw ties located in the recesses of the front, intermediate and rear walls, the ties cover the form on its two sides and tighten the shape in its longitudinal direction along the side walls, each the screed has a handle screwed onto one end, while horizontal recesses parallel to each other and vertical recesses parallel to each other are convex to the side of the front wall in the front, rear and intermediate walls, the shape is made in the form of a box open from the bottom and top installed on the specified pallet, the front, intermediate and rear walls have vertically oriented cuts made in them, made near the recesses, each cut with adjacent th him open side of the recess forms a window for unobstructed passage of an arm.

The technical result is obtained by a method of manufacturing wall blocks, characterized in that the mold for manufacturing the blocks is mounted on a pallet so that the mold elements for forming the crest and the recess of the block are located at the bottom, after which the first mixture for molding the face layer of the wall block is fed into the mold first, including crushed expanded clay with fractions of 1-15 mm, cement, plasticizer and water, and the bottom vibrates the first mixture in the mold for 1-5 seconds, after which the vibration of the first mixture is stopped and under the second mixture is formed into the mold for forming the intermediate layer of the wall block, including expanded clay with fractions of 5-20 mm, cement, plasticizer and water, and the two mixtures are vibrated in the mold for 1-5 seconds from the bottom, simultaneously with the vibration from the bottom, they are compressed from above the second mixture and the first mixture, then a third mixture for molding the inner layer of the block containing sand, cement, plasticizer and water is fed into the mold on the intermediate layer, compressing all the layers of the block in the form by pressure from top to bottom on the third mixture and smoothing the third w mixture to a condition of forming the surface layer of the indoor unit, after the operation block maintained in the form of layers to a state of their connection to each other and partially cure, and then removed from the mold unit.

The technical result was obtained by a line for the manufacture of wall blocks, characterized in that it contains interconnected cement receiving and processing posts, crushed expanded clay reception posts, solid expanded clay reception posts, plasticizer receiving posts, sand receiving posts and water receiving posts for making facial mixtures, intermediate and inner layers of the wall block, while the reception and processing posts are interconnected and with the control unit of the reception and processing posts, which with these posts forms a receiving unit and processing these materials, the receiving and processing unit is connected to the unit for supplying materials to the mixers, and the unit for supplying materials to the mixers contains means for supplying cement, crushed expanded clay, solid expanded clay, sand, plasticizer and water, these means for supplying are functionally combined into a unit for supplying materials and connected to each other and to the control unit of the operation of the material supply unit, to the material supply unit connected to the mixer unit, which includes mixers for the manufacture of mixtures of front, intermediate and internal of the early layers of the wall block, the mixers are interconnected and with the control unit of the mixers, the line also contains means for feeding mixtures into the form of mixtures for manufacturing the front, intermediate and inner layers of the wall block, the means for supplying mixtures in the form are interconnected with the control unit means of supplying mixtures, and all of these control units are interconnected and with a central line control panel.

The design of the blocks and the use of the material from which they are made provide the possibility of laying walls of various configurations, increasing the strength of the blocks, reducing their mass by reducing the use of sand in the blocks and increasing the thermal insulation properties of the blocks. The rough surfaces of the blocks to be joined increase the bond strength of the blocks. Molds from the most unified elements simplify the assembly of molds and stripping blocks, while the line for the manufacture of blocks and molds provide a simplified method of manufacturing blocks made of several layers.

Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a wall block (ordinary block);

Figure 2 is a view of the block from its front side along arrow A in figure 1;

Figure 3 is a view of the block from its side on the arrow B in figure 1;

Figure 4 - the second version of the wall block (ordinary half block);

Figure 5 is a view In figure 4;

Fig. 6 shows a third embodiment of a wall block (a right bay window outdoor unit having a right side beveled surface);

Fig.7 is a view of G in Fig.6;

In Fig.8 is a view of D in Fig.6;

Fig. 9 shows a fourth embodiment of a block (left bay window outdoor unit having a left side beveled surface);

10 is a fifth embodiment of a wall block;

11 is a sixth embodiment of a wall block;

In Fig.12 is a seventh version of the wall block (opening half right block);

In Fig.13 is a view of And in Fig.12;

On Fig - view K in Fig;

On Fig - view L in Fig;

On Fig shows the eighth version of the wall block (opening ordinary right block);

In Fig.17 is a view of M in Fig.16;

On Fig shows the ninth version of the wall block (opening ordinary left block);

In Fig.19 is a view of H in Fig.18;

On Fig shows the tenth version of the wall block (opening half left block);

In Fig.21 view O in Fig.20;

On Fig shows the eleventh version of the wall block (bay window intermediate outdoor unit);

In Fig.23 is a view of P in Fig.22;

24 shows a twelfth embodiment of a wall block (bay window intermediate indoor unit);

In Fig.25 is a view of P in Fig.24;

On Fig - view C in Fig.24;

On Fig shows the thirteenth version of the wall block (corner one and a half block, with a rectangular recess on the inside of the block);

In Fig.28 is a view of T in Fig.27;

On Fig shows the fourteenth version of the corner block (corner row block with a L-shaped recess on the upper surface and a L-shaped ridge on the lower surface of the block);

In Fig.30 is a view of E in Fig.29;

On Fig shows the fifteenth version of the block (angular, inner right block);

On Fig - view Yu in Fig;

In Fig.33 is a view of I in Fig.32;

On Fig shows the sixteenth version of the block (angular, inner left block);

On Fig - arrangement of blocks of the first row in the wall;

On Fig - arrangement of blocks of the second row in the wall;

On Fig - arrangement of corner blocks of the first and second rows of blocks in the wall;

On Fig shows a first variant of the form for the manufacture of wall blocks (front view);

In Fig.39 is a form in a plan view, view A in Fig.38;

On Fig - form in the rear view, view B in Fig.39;

On Fig - form in side view, view In in Fig;

On Fig - the front wall of the form (detail);

On Fig - section GG on Fig;

On Fig - back wall of the form (detail);

On Fig - schematic spatial image of the back wall and side walls of the form, interconnected by welding, provisionally proven by points, front view;

On Fig - connection of the rear wall and the side walls of the form, rear view;

On Fig shows a second variant of the form for the manufacture of wall blocks, front view;

On Fig - connection of two side walls of the form with an intermediate wall of the form;

On Fig shows a third variant of the form for the manufacture of bay-window outdoor and indoor units;

On Fig shows a fourth variant of the form;

On Fig - side wall of the fourth variant of the form;

On Fig shows a fifth variant of the form;

On Fig - side wall of the fifth variant of the form;

On Fig shows a sixth variant of the form for the manufacture of corner external wall blocks;

On Fig - side wall of the sixth variant form with a partition;

On Fig - the rear wall of the sixth variant form with a dividing plate;

On Fig shows the operation of filling the mold with a material and its vibration when forming the front layer of the block, explaining the manufacturing method;

On Fig shows the operation of filling the form with a material and its vibration when forming the intermediate layer of the block, explaining the manufacturing method;

On Fig shows the operation of filling the form with a material of the inner layer of the block and its vibration when forming the inner layer of the block, explaining the method;

On Fig shows the operation of smoothing the inner surface of the block.

On Fig shows a line for the production of wall blocks.

Descriptions of technical solutions. The following text contains descriptions of twenty-five separate technical independent solutions in the following sequence: sixteen wall block options, material for making wall blocks, six mold options for making wall blocks, a method for making wall blocks, and a line for making wall blocks.

Common features for all block options. Variants of the wall block are made as they are shown in figure 1-34, while the options have common features. These common features include the following features: each block version is made of a cured mixture, has a faceted structure made of cured material, while all variants of the block have layers of cured material adhered to each other, which are located across the width of the block.

The first variant of the block, made as it is shown in Figs. 1-3, has, like each subsequent block variant, features common for all variants: the front surface 1 located on the outer front side of the block (Fig. 1) located on the inner side of the block, inner surface 2, left side surface 3, right side surface 4, upper surface 5 and lower surface 6.

The first variant of the block and each subsequent variant of the block (with the exception of the twelfth variant) contains common features for all variants: the block contains a ridge 7 with beveled surfaces 8 and a recess 9 with beveled surfaces 10, and surfaces 8 and 10 are symmetrically located relative to the longitudinal axes 11 of the ridge and recesses. Each recess 9 is made in the block array, extends to its middle and its beveled surfaces 10 are beveled symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis 11 of the recess. Each recess has a cross section in cross-section with respect to the shape of the ridge in its cross section.

The first variant of the block and each subsequent variant of the block (with the exception of the fourteenth variant) have features common to all other variants, which include the fact that the block contains a face layer 12, an intermediate layer 13 and an inner layer 14 successively arranged along its width, the face layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and a thickness s3 of the inner layer is less than the thickness s1 of the front layer.

The first variant of the block and each subsequent variant of the block having a crest and a recess are characterized by common signs that in each version of the block the crest and recess are located in the front layer 12 of the block, the height h of the crest is equal to the depth h1 of the recess, and h is selected within h = ( 0.05-0.12) N, where H is the height of the block. Each ridge 7 is made for one with the block by the method of its molding in the form in the manufacture of the block.

In the first embodiment of the block and in each subsequent embodiment, the front layer 12 contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer 13 of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, inner block layer 14, which contains sand, cement and plasticizer. The layers of the block are separated by transition zones, conventionally shown by a wavy line 15, which may have a different geometry.

In the first embodiment of the block and each subsequent version there are signs common to all variants, which include the following common signs that the surfaces 8 and 10 of the ridge and recesses, respectively, the front surface 1 and the inner surface 2 are made solid and smooth. The lower surface 6, the upper surface 5, the left side surface 3 and the right side surface 4 of the block, forming an intermediate layer 13 (which is located between the front layer 12 and the inner layer 14), are made rough with said recesses 16 extending into the block, each of which is located in the range from 0.1 to 20 mm. There are many recesses 16 in the intermediate layer, and each depression is a slit extending from the surface of the intermediate layer 13 into the block. The recesses 16 are located between the fractions and the cured adhesive material of the intermediate layer, meaning expanded clay fractions and adhesive elements of the cured material between the fractions.

In the first version of the block and each subsequent version (with the exception of the thirteenth version of the block), there are common signs, which include the following signs that the indicated thicknesses of layers 12, 13 and 14 of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2 : s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007-0.037) S.

In the first variant of the block and each subsequent variant (with the exception of the twelfth variant, which does not have a crest and a recess), there are common features for the named variants, which include that the front surface of the block 1 is located at a distance s4 from the axis 11 of the crest, the inner surface 2 of the block is located from the axis 11 of the ridge at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4. Moreover, s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5.

The first variant of the block comprises an L-shaped ridge 7 covering it from two adjacent lateral and lower sides (FIG. 2), and a L-shaped recess 9 covering the two other adjacent lateral and upper sides of the block. The ridge and the depression are located in the same plane, in which the axis 11 is located and which is parallel to the front surface 1 of the block. The length L of the block from its front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.99-1.01) S, the length Lвн of the block from its inner side is chosen equal to the length of the block from its front side.

The second variant of the wall block is made as it is shown in FIGS. 4, 5. This variant contains general characteristics of the block variants and partially signs of the first block variant.

Moreover, in the second variant of the block, its length Lвн from the inside is selected to be equal to the length L of the block from its front side, while L is in the ratio L = (0.4-0.6) S.

The third version of the wall block is made as it is shown in Fig.6, 7. This option contains common features of the options block and partially the features of the first option.

Moreover, the ridge 7 of the third variant of the block is made straight and is located on the lower surface 6 of the block from its lower side. The length Lвн of the block on its inner side is less than the length L of the block on the front side. The right side surface 4 of the third variant of the block (Fig.6) is made beveled at an angle α located between the inner surface 2 of the block and its beveled right side surface 4, while the specified angle is selected in the range α = 90-145 °.

The fourth embodiment of the wall block is made as shown in Fig.9. This option contains common features of the block options and partially features of the first option.

Moreover, in the fourth embodiment of the block, its length Lвн on the inside is less than the length L of the block on the front side, and the left side surface 3 is beveled to an angle α located between the inner surface 2 of the block and its beveled left side surface 3. The specified angle is selected in limits α = 90-145 °.

The fifth embodiment of the block is made as shown in Fig.10. This option contains common features of the block options and partially features of the first option.

Moreover, in the fifth embodiment of the block, its length L from the front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.4-0.6) S, and the length Lвн of the block from its inner side is chosen to be greater than the length of the block from its front side . The right side surface 4 is made beveled at an angle α located between the inner surface 2 of the block and its beveled right side surface 4. The specified angle is selected in the range α = 60-90 °.

The sixth version of the block is made as shown in Fig.11. This option contains common features of the block options and partially features of the first option.

In this case, in the sixth embodiment of the block, its length L from the front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.4-0.6) S, and the length Lвн of the block from its inner side is chosen to be greater than the length of the block from its front side . The left side surface 4 is made beveled at an angle α located between the inner surface 2 of the block and its beveled right side surface 4. The specified angle is selected in the range α = 60-90 °.

The seventh version of the block is made as shown in Fig.12-15. This option contains the above general features of the block options and partially the features of the first option.

In this case, the seventh embodiment comprises a L-shaped ridge 7 located on its adjacent lower and left sides (Fig. 14) and a recess 9 located on the upper side, which are located in one plane parallel to the front surface of the block.

The length L of the block from its front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.4-0.6) S, the length Lвн of the block from its inner side is less than the length of the block from its front side and is selected within Lв = ( 0.3-0.35) S. On the right side surface 4 of the block, a recess 17 is made having a depth Lg and a right angle located at the intersection of the right side surface 4 and the front layer 12.

The eighth version of the block is made as it is shown in Fig.16, 17. This variant contains common features of variants of the block and the first variant.

In this case, the eighth version of the block is made so that the length L of the block from its front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.99-1.01) S, and the length Lвн of the block from its inner side is selected within Lвн = (0.7-0.75) S. At the same time, a recess 17 (Fig. 16) is made on the right side surface 4 of the block on the right side of the eighth block embodiment, having a depth Lg and a right angle located at the intersection of the right side surface 4 of the block and the front layer 12.

The ninth version of the block is made as it is shown in FIGS. 18, 19. This variant contains general characteristics of the block variants and partially signs of the first variant.

In this case, the ninth version of the block comprises an L-shaped ridge 7 (Fig. 18) covering it from two adjacent lower and right lateral sides, as well as a recess 9 located on the upper side of the block, while the ridge and the recess are located in the same plane. The length L of the block from its front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.99-1.01) S, the length Lвн of the block from its inner side is selected within the range of Lв = (0.7-0.75) S.

The recess 17 has a depth Lg, is located on the left side surface 3 on the left side of the block, has a right angle located at the intersection of the left side surface 3 and the front layer 12.

The tenth version of the block is made as shown in Figs. 20, 21. This embodiment contains general features of the block options and partially features of the first embodiment.

In this case, the length L of the block of the tenth embodiment from its front side (Fig. 20) is selected depending on the width of the block 8 within L = (0.4-0.6) S, and the length Lвн of the block from its inside is selected within Lвн = (0.3-0.35) S.

The eleventh version of the block is made as it is shown in Fig.22, 23. This option contains common features of the options block and partially features of the first option.

Moreover, the length L of the block from its front side (Fig. 22) is selected depending on the width of the block 8 within L = (0.99-1.01) S, the length Lвн of the block from its inside is selected within the range of Lв = (0 , 4-0.6) S. The block in the front layer on its upper surface 5 has a first groove 9 broken in a horizontal plane, adjacent to a second straight recess 9 located on the left side surface. The first and second recesses cover the block from its two adjacent upper and lateral left sides.

The block also has on its lower surface 6 (Fig.23) a first ridge 7 broken in a horizontal plane, adjacent to the second straight ridge 7 located on the right side surface 4 of the block, the ridges cover the block from its two other adjacent right and lower sides.

A straight ridge 7 on the right side of the block, one part of the broken ridge 7, which is located on the lower side of the block, and one part of the broken groove 9 on the upper side of the block are located in one vertical plane located at an oblique angle β to the front surface 1 of the block.

The second part of the broken crest 7 on the lower side of the block, the recess 9 on the left side of the block and one part of the broken first recess 9 on the upper side of the block are located in another vertical plane located under another inverse oblique angle β to the front surface 1 of the block.

The front surface is wedge-shaped with two surfaces 1 adjacent at an angle of 2β to each other, each of which is located at an angle β to the axis of symmetry of the block. The wedge is located away from the intermediate layer 13 of the block.

The angle β is selected within β = 45-90 °, the side surfaces 3 and 4 of the block are beveled at an angle α. Each angle α is located between the inner surface 2 of the block and the corresponding lateral surface 3 or the lateral surface 4 of the block, with α = 90-145 °.

The twelfth embodiment of the block is made as shown in Fig.24-26. This option contains common features of the block options and partially features of the first option.

Moreover, the length L of this variant of the block (Fig. 24) from its front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.4-0.6) S, the length Lвн of the block from its inner side is selected within Lвн = (0.99-1.01) S, the inner surface of the block is wedge-shaped with two inner surfaces 2 adjacent at an angle of 2β to each other 2. Each inner surface 2 is located at an angle β to the axis of symmetry 18 of the block. The specified angle is selected within β = 45-90 °. The lateral surfaces 3 and 4 of the block are beveled so that an angle is formed between α = 90-145 ° between the inner surface of the block 2 and the adjacent lateral surface.

The thirteenth variant of the block is made as shown in Figs. 27, 28. This variant contains general features of the block variants and partially signs of the first variant.

At the same time, from the outer front side (Fig. 27), the block contains front surfaces 1 located at right angles, forming an outward corner of the block. On the inner side of the block contains located at right angles to the inner surface 2, forming a rectangular recess 19, forming the inner corner of the block. The block contains face layers 12, intermediate layers 13 and inner layers 14 arranged in two mutually perpendicular directions thereof. Each face layer has a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inner layer is less than the thickness s1 of the face layer. Each face layer contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm. Each intermediate layer 13 of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm. Each inner layer 14 of the block contains sand, cement and plasticizer. The indicated thicknesses of the block layers are selected depending on the width S of the block equal to the length of any side of the block to its specified rectangular recess 19. In any of the indicated directions, the thicknesses of the layers of the block are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.03-0.10 ) S: (0.90-0.85) S: (0.005-0.025) S.

The length L of the block on each front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (1.49-1.51) S. The block contains a L-shaped ridge 7 (Fig. 28) located in one plane on the lower surface 6 of the block, as well as a L-shaped recess 9 (Fig. 27), which is located in one plane on the upper surface 5 of the block, and the recess are located in two parallel planes.

The block also contains a straight ridge 7 located on the right surface 4 of the block on its right side, as well as a direct recess 9 located on the left side surface 3 of the block on its left side. The surfaces of the ridges and recesses, the front and inner surfaces are solid, and the lower and upper surfaces of the block located between the front and inner layers are roughened with recesses from 0.1 to 20 mm between the fractions.

Each face surface 1 of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis 11 of the ridge 7 parallel to the front surface 1, each inner surface 2 of the block is located from the axis 11 of the ridge at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4. In this case, s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.05-0.10) s5, and the length s in each side 20 and 21 of the rectangular recess is selected within the limits sв = (0.4-0.6) L.

The layers 12, 13 and 14 of the block are located in two mutually perpendicular directions along the axes of symmetry 22 and 23 of the block, which intersect in the center 24 of the symmetry of the block.

The fourteenth variant of the block is made as shown in Figs. 29, 30. This variant contains general features of the block variants and partially signs of the thirteenth variant, with the exception of the corner recess and the inner layer (which are not present in the fourteenth version of the block).

In this case, the fourteenth version of the block has axes 25 and 26 of symmetry (Fig.29), along each of which are the front layer 12 and the intermediate layer 13 of the block. The indicated axes intersect at the center of symmetry of the block 27.

The fifteenth version of the block is made as shown in Fig.31-33. This block option, in addition to the mentioned common features of the block variants, contains a spatial ridge 7 in the front layer 12 of complex shape, parts of which are located in two mutually perpendicular directions. In this case, one part of the ridge 7 is located on the right side surface 4 of the block in height, the second part of this ridge 7 is located on half of the lower surface 6 of the block in the direction of its length, and the third part of the ridge 7 extends from the second part of the ridge to the front surface 1 of the block. Parts of the ridge 7 form one integral ridge having a complex shape.

In the front layer 12 of the block, a spatial recess 9 of complex shape is made, parts of which are located in two mutually perpendicular directions. In this case, one part of the recess 9 is located on half of the upper surface 5 of the block, the second part of the recess 9 is located across the width of the block and extends from the first part of the recess towards the front surface 1 of the block, and the third part of the recess 9 is located on the front surface 1 of the block by its height. All parts of the recess 9 are interconnected and are one of the aforementioned recess having a complex shape.

The surfaces of the ridge and the recess, the front and inner surfaces of the front layer 12 and the inner layer 14 are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the intermediate layer 13 of the block located between the front and inner layers are made rough with recesses 16 from 0.1 to 20 mm. The length L of this block option is selected in the range L = (1.49-1.51) S.

The sixteenth version of the block is made as shown in Fig. 34.

This option is characterized by the fact that it contains the above general characteristics of the block options and at the same time this block option contains a spatial ridge 7 of complex shape made in the front layer 12, parts of which are located in two mutually perpendicular directions. In this case, one part of the ridge 7 is located in the middle of the block on its front surface 1 along the height of the block, the second part of the ridge is located on the lower surface 6 of the block in the direction of its length, the third part of the ridge 7 extends from the second part of the ridge to the first part of the ridge. These parts of the ridge 7 form one single ridge having a complex shape.

In the front layer 12 of the block, a spatial recess 9 of complex shape is made, parts of which are located in two mutually perpendicular directions. In this case, one part of the recess 9 is located on half of the upper surface 5 of the block along it, the second part of the recess 9 is located along the height of the block on the left side surface 3, and the third part of the recess 9 extends from its first part towards the front surface 1 of the block. The parts of the recess 9 are connected and represent one of the aforementioned recesses having a complex shape.

The surfaces of the ridge and the recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the intermediate layer 13 of the block located between the front and inner layers 12 and 14 are made rough with recesses 16 from 0.1 to 20 mm between the fractions intermediate layer. The length L of the block is selected within L = (1.49-1.51) S.

All variants of the block are made in such a way that they allow you to connect them in the walls with each other with different contours of the walls (Fig.35, 36). For this, the parameters of the wall blocks are calculated from the condition of their combination with each other in the first row (Fig. 35) and in the second row (Fig. 36) of the wall. If the wall is rectilinear, options 1-2 blocks are used. If the wall is at right angles, block options 1-2-13-14-15-16 are used (Fig. 35, the right side of the figure).

The laying of the first row of the wall from the presented options of the block 1-5-6-1-2-3-4-1-2-1-13-1-1-15 is carried out on a mortar or on a special mastic (Fig. 35). Next, on the first row of blocks, the second row of blocks is laid (Fig. 36), consisting of variants of blocks 1-12-1-2-1-11-1-2-1-1-14-1-16 and overlap the seams with blocks of the second row between the blocks of the first row, as shown in the diagram (Fig.37).

The rough surfaces of the intermediate layer 13 of each block variant, having recesses 16 between the fractions, are first treated with a liquid solution or liquid mastic, which seep into the recesses 16 and fill them.

After that, a denser mortar or thicker mastic is applied to the abutted surfaces of the block and the block is docked in a known manner with the blocks located in the wall.

Such a connection of each variant of the block with adjacent blocks provides a monolithic connection of blocks among themselves in the wall. Moreover, each intermediate layer, as the most permeable, is in the shell of a mortar or mastic, excluding the permeability of the block.

The block parameter table summarizes the limit values of the block parameters in mm for walls 400 mm thick, the angles α ° between the side surface of the block and the inner surface of the block, and the angles β ° between the front surface of the block and the axis of symmetry of the block passing through the front surface of the block.

Material for the manufacture of wall blocks. The material for each layer of each block option is selected according to the functions of the layer. The front layer 12 of the block (figure 1) is located on the outside of the building, it has a greater protective function against atmospheric effects, a load bearing, strength function from mechanical stress, as well as a protective thermal function. The material of the intermediate layer 13 of the block carries a bearing load, strength and thermal function, and the material of the inner layer 14 of the block has a strength protective and shockproof function. The specified functions correspond to the selected material for each layer of the block separately.

The front layer 12 and the inner layer 14 of the block have a compressive strength greater than the strength of the intermediate layer 13 of the block. The intermediate layer of the block is located between two more durable layers. After laying the block into the wall and curing the mortar or mastic, connecting the block with adjacent blocks laid in the wall, the intermediate layer of the block is located in a durable shell formed by: on the two sides of the block - the front and inner layers 12 and 14, respectively, and from the rest On four sides, the block is covered by layers of mortar or mastic.

The material of the front layer 12 of the wall block is characterized in that in its liquid fluid phase it is a composition comprising the following components, wt.%:

- expanded clay with fractions of 3-5 mm and specific gravity in the range from 200 to 350 kg / m ³ - 30-50, - building sand with fractions ... - 10-15, - Portland M500 cement - 30-40, - plasticizer - 3-5, - water - (the rest).

The material of the intermediate layer 13 of the wall block is characterized in that in its liquid fluid phase it is a composition comprising the following components, wt.%:

- expanded clay with fractions of 5-20 mm and a specific gravity in the range from 200 to 350 kg / m ³ - 30-50, - building sand with fractions ... - 10-15, - Portland M500 cement - 30-40, - plasticizer - 3-5, - water - (the rest).

The material of the inner layer 14 of the wall block is characterized in that it in its liquid flowing phase is a composition comprising the following components, wt.%:

- building sand with fractions ... - 50-60, - Portland M500 cement - 30-40, - plasticizer - 3-5, - water - (the rest).

All of these components of the material forming the said block layers are mixed together during the manufacturing process of the mixtures to the plastic flow state of the mixed mass. The amount of mass poured into the mold during the formation of the block is calculated taking into account the shrinkage of the mass during its curing in order to obtain the estimated thickness of the block layers.

By molding in the forms of these materials, block layers are created in their strong connection with each other. Taking into account the shrinkage of materials during drying of the block, the above-mentioned limits of the thicknesses of the layers of the block are established, which are selected from the condition of adhesion of these layers to each other during the formation of blocks.

Within the minimum and maximum parameters of the components of these materials, empirically obtained optimal values of the parameters of all block options. Obtaining optimal values of blocks is associated with the materials from which the layers of the block are made, the method for manufacturing block variants described below, as well as the design of the mold for forming blocks made of standardized elements that allow modeling variants of the form for the manufacture of blocks of various shapes, which allowed to effectively implement the method .

Molds for the manufacture of wall blocks (options) are made of alloy steel sheet, the thickness and properties of the steel of each wall of the mold are selected so that each wall is a rigid element that can elastically bend to certain values, and each time after bending to restore its shape. This condition is selected to facilitate the removal of the cured block from the mold.

The first embodiment of the mold for manufacturing wall blocks is made as this embodiment of the mold is shown in FIGS. 38-45. The first option includes a front wall 28 (Fig. 38), a rear wall 29 (Fig. 39) and side walls 30 and 31. The side walls are rigidly connected to the rear wall 29 by welding at several points located along the height of the walls (Fig. 40). Welding is performed on the outer side of the back wall (Fig. 43) so that from the inside at the junction of the walls of the mold it has a smooth and smooth surface without warping. This is achieved due to the fact that in the places of welding in the rear wall there are windows in which the rear protrusions 32 of the side walls 30 and 31, shown in Fig. 43 to the left, are located. These protrusions 32 of the side walls are welded to the rear wall 29 and peeled flush with it. Each side wall 30 or 31 on its other side has upper and lower protrusions 32 located in the upper and lower grooves 33 (Fig. 46) of the front wall 28 open at the top and bottom, while in the rear wall 29, the grooves 33 remain free for placement in them protrusions of the following side walls.

The form has screw ties 34 located along its height in the middle part, made of screws passing through the front and rear walls, which are located in open recesses 35 (Figs. 39, 40, 42) of the front and rear walls and in the holes 36 of the strips 37. Planks 37 and screw ties 34 span the mold from four sides so that the planks contact their surface with the outer surfaces of the front and rear walls 28 and 29 (Fig. 39), while the planks 37 are tightened with screw ties 34 to the outer surfaces of the front and rear walls. Each screw coupler 34 is located in the recesses 35 of the front and rear walls as shown in Fig. 39.

In the lower part of the front wall 28 (Fig. 42), a ridge 38 is made along its length, having beveled surfaces 39 symmetrically located relative to the longitudinal axis 40 of the ridge. In the lower part of the rear wall 29 (Fig. 44) there is a recess 41 with beveled surfaces 42 symmetrically located relative to the longitudinal axis 43 of the recess 41.

In the lower part of the side wall 31 (Fig. 43), a ridge 44 is made along the wall length, having beveled surfaces 39 similar to the aforementioned beveled surfaces of the ridge, which are symmetrically located relative to the middle part of the ridge 44 or relative to its longitudinal axis of symmetry 45.

In the lower part of the side wall 30 (Fig. 45) there is a recess 46 located away from the middle part of the form, having beveled surfaces 39 symmetrically located relative to the longitudinal axis 47 of the recess 46. The ends of the walls 30 and 31 have recesses made in the shape of a ridge and protrusions made in the form of a recess.

The longitudinal axis 43-45 are located in one horizontal plane. The profile made in the wall of each recess in its cross section is identical to the profile of each ridge in the cross section of the ridge.

The form is partially collapsible, for which one end of each screw coupler 34 (Fig. 39) has a flat head 48 in the form of a thick washer rigidly attached to the end of the coupler 34, and a handle 49 is screwed on the other threaded end of the coupler. On each side of the form, each the flat head 48 of the screw is in contact with the outer surface 50 of the bar 37, which is made flat and fits snugly on the outer surface of the front wall 28. On the other side of the form, the handle 49, curved to the side of the rear wall 29 of the form and having a nut 5 rigidly connected to it 1, presses the nut against the outer surface 52 of the second strip 37, which has an identical shape with the first strip. The second plank fits snugly against the outer surface of the rear wall 29. The mold is mounted on a pallet 53 (Fig. 38).

The thickness of the sheet of each specified wall of the mold is calculated from the condition that excludes the bending of the wall in the process of forming a block in the mold. In this case, the thickness of each wall of the mold and its metal are selected so that when the block is removed from the mold, the mold wall due to its elasticity has the possibility of bending to the outside.

In the operating position, the form on the pallet 53 is fixed from its displacements in the plane of the pallet. Fixation is achieved either by the body’s own mass or by any known fixation means (not shown). Pallet 53 is a functional, constructive and integral part of the mold, as it is structurally and functionally associated with the mold during the production of blocks. The pallet may be made of any material known and acceptable for forming a block of material.

In the mold space on its pallet 53, any embedded mortgage forming removable element (not shown) can be installed to give the front surface of the manufactured block a predetermined structure, for example, a relief decorative structure.

The front and rear walls 28 and 29 of the shape (Fig. 38, 42) have vertically oriented cutouts 54 made therein, made to the left and right of the middle of each said wall and near the cutouts 35. Each cutout 54 together with the open side of the cutout 35 adjacent to the cutout forms a window of complex T-shape for unhindered passage through him of the handle 49.

Positions 55 (Fig. 45) conventionally shows the location of the welding of the rear wall 29 with the middle protrusions 32 (Fig. 43) of the side walls 30 and 31, which are located in the windows of the rear wall 29 and are welded to it. In Fig. 46, the position 55 shows in more detail the weld points 55 or welds that connect the middle protrusions 32 of the side wall 30 located in the windows of the rear wall and the rear wall 29. The protrusions 32 (Fig. 43) are welded around the seam, as a result the weld is located almost in the thickness of the sheet of the back wall 29, and after cleaning the welds, they practically merge with the metal of the back wall and the metal of the protrusions 32. As a result, the outer and inner surfaces of the back wall remain smooth and even, as shown in Fig. 43.

The form in the idle position is an open bottom and top quick-release box (Fig. 45). In the idle position, the form is disassembled, the screws are removed, the rear wall 29 and the side walls 30 and 31 are in the vertical position, since they are rigidly connected to each other. The front wall 28 is in a horizontal or other position (the front wall is not shown in FIG. 45).

For removal from the shape of one of the strips 37 without removal from the shape of the handles 49, grooves open from the ends of the strip can be made in this strip at its ends for passing screw ties 34 through them during removal from the shape of the front wall 28. It is preferable that such a strip 37 (with open grooves at the ends) there was a bar in contact with the rear wall 29 of the form and located on the side of the handles 49 (Fig.41).

The second variant of the mold for the manufacture of blocks is made as this variant is shown in Figs. 47 and 48. This variant contains the features of the first variant of the mold and, in addition to them, the second variant of the mold has intermediate walls 56 (Fig. 47) located across the form between the front wall 28 and the rear wall 29. Each intermediate wall 56 is identical in shape to the front wall 28 or the rear wall 29 (FIGS. 42, 44), except that in each intermediate wall 56, grooves 57 are made at its end parts (FIG. 48), which are inserted protrusions 32 of the side walls 30 31. Thus effected compound one ends of the side walls 30 and 31 with intermediate walls 56. A compound other ends of the side wall to the rear wall 29 and intermediate walls 56 is formed by welding as shown in Figure 43.

In contrast to the first embodiment of the form, in its second embodiment, each screw tie 34 (Fig. 47) is made in the form of an elongated rod with a thread at one end. Each such screw coupler is located in open recesses 35 made in the front, back and intermediate walls 56. Each screw coupler 34 is located in the recess 36 of each intermediate wall 56 in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

An elongated screw tie 34 extends along the mold (Fig. 47) from the extreme rear wall 29 to the extreme front wall 28 of the mold, compressing the side walls in this direction with the adjacent front wall 28, the intermediate walls 56 and the rear walls 29 of the mold.

Thus, the second variant of the form comprises a front wall mounted on a pallet, at least one or a plurality of intermediate walls, a rear wall, at least two pairs or a plurality of side walls.

Each pair of side walls 30 and 31 is rigidly connected to one rear wall 29 or to one intermediate wall 56, and in this connection, these rigidly connected walls form a separate section connected to an adjacent similar section extending from the extreme rear wall of the mold from one end to located on the other end of the form of the front wall.

In the upper and lower parts of each intermediate wall and in the front wall, grooves 57 (Fig. 48) open at the top and bottom are made, in which protrusions 32 of the side walls of the adjacent section are located. The strips 37 (Fig. 47) and screw ties 34 cover the form on four sides so that the strips are in contact with the outer surfaces of the front and rear walls and are tightened to them by ties, and on the sides the form is covered by screw ties. The mold is mounted on the pallet 53 as described above.

The third embodiment of the mold for the manufacture of blocks is made as shown in Fig. 49. This variant of the form contains the features of the first and second variants, while the form of this variant is also mounted on the pallet 53 and contains a front wall 28, a rear wall 29, which are parallel and vertical with respect to the pallet 53. The form has intermediate side walls 58 located between the side walls 30 and 31. Each intermediate side wall 58 is inclined at an angle α formed by the intermediate side wall 58 and the pallet 53, the angle α being selected larger or smaller than a right angle of 90 °. This embodiment also contains at least one intermediate wall 56, the shape of which is identical to the shapes of the front and rear walls 28 and 29, or it may have a different shape. The connection of each intermediate side wall 58 with the front wall 28 or with the intermediate wall 56, or with the rear wall 29 is made as this connection is shown in Figs. 43, 46 and 48.

The fourth embodiment of the mold for the manufacture of blocks is made as shown in Figs. 50, 51, this embodiment of the mold contains the features of the first embodiment and in addition to this, this mold has an intermediate wall 56. The mold is mounted on a pallet 53, has a front wall 28, side walls 30 and 31, a rear wall 29, between which at least one intermediate wall 56 is located. Each pair of side walls 30 and 31, which are located opposite each other, is rigidly connected to the rear wall 29. Each other similar pair of side walls is rigidly connected on with an intermediate wall 56. In connection with the rear and intermediate wall, each individual pair of side walls forms a separate section. The sections are connected by screw ties 34 located in the openings of the front, intermediate and rear walls. Ties span the mold from its two sides in such a way that they tighten the mold in its longitudinal direction along the side walls. At the bottom of the form, the inner surfaces of the walls have ridges 38 or recesses 41 with beveled surfaces described above.

The profile of each recess 41 in its cross section is identical to the profile of each ridge 38 in the cross section of the ridge. The side walls 30 located on one side of the form, or the side walls 31, or the side walls 30 and 31 located on both sides are inclined to the side from the axis of symmetry of the form, as shown in Fig. 50 - at an angle α located between the side wall and pallet 53, while the angle of inclination of the wall is selected more or less than a right angle of 90 °. The form has a bottom wall, which is used as a pallet 53, having a broken inner surface, consisting of two parts, each of which is located at an angle β to the vertical axis of symmetry of the form, with β greater than or less than a right angle of 90 °.

The fifth embodiment of the mold for the manufacture of blocks is made as shown in Fig.52-53, while the shape of the fifth embodiment is characterized in that it contains the characteristics of the first and fourth variants. Basically, the fifth option follows the design of the fourth option. In the fifth embodiment, there are all the features of the fourth option, with the exception of the fifth option, it does not have recesses and ridges and all the inner surfaces of the mold are solid and smooth.

The side walls 30 located on one side of the form, or the side walls 31, or the side walls 30 and 31 located on both sides are inclined to the side from the axis of symmetry of the form, as shown in Fig. 52, at an angle α located between the side wall and pallet 53, while the angle of inclination of the side wall is selected more or less than a right angle of 90 °. The form has a bottom wall, which is used as a pallet 53, having a broken inner surface, consisting of two parts, each of which is located at an angle β to the vertical axis of symmetry of the form, while the angle β is selected more or less than a right angle of 90 °.

The sixth variant of the mold for the manufacture of blocks is made as shown in Figs. the intermediate wall 56 and the partition wall 59, the height of each of which is less than the height of the form.

Two side walls, located opposite each other and thus forming a pair of walls, as well as one partition 59 are rigidly connected to one rear wall 29 or to one intermediate wall 56 and in this connection they form a separate section. The form has several such sections. The sections are located along the form and are interconnected by screw ties 34 located in the openings of the front, intermediate and rear walls. Ties span the mold from its two sides in such a way that they pull it in the longitudinal direction along the side walls 30 and 31 and along the partitions 59. In the front, rear and intermediate walls 28, 29 and 56, respectively, they are made parallel to each other horizontal recesses 41 and vertical recesses 41 oriented toward the rear wall 29. The recess 41 of the rear wall 29 is directed outward from the mold.

The work of forms for the manufacture of blocks is as follows. When assembling any variant of the form, for example, its first variant (Fig. 33), the side walls 30 and 31 are first rigidly connected to the rear wall 29 and are installed in a vertical position. Due to the rigid connection of the side walls with the rear wall, they are in the disassembled position of the form a three-dimensional rigid structure, which is independently fixed in the vertical mounting position, which does not require any additional operations when assembling the form for fixing them in the vertical working position. In an upright position of said mold walls, projections 32 (Fig. 40) of side walls 30 and 31 are inserted into grooves 33 of front wall 28 (Fig. 33) and screw ties 34 (Fig. 34) are inserted into open recesses 35 (Fig. 28) of the front and the back walls and the holes 36 of the slats 37. Screw the handles 49 onto the threaded parts of the screw ties 34 and draw the side walls 30 and 31 with screws (Fig. 34) to the front and rear walls 28 and 29 until the flat heads 48 of the screws fit onto the outer surface laths 37. Laths 37 and screw ties 34 cover the form on its four sides and the form in a compressed state and screeds is a rigid structure. Assembled in this way - in an upright position - the mold is used in this position in the manner described below, which allows you to implement a method of manufacturing options for blocks. They work in a similar way, other variants of molds are assembled for the manufacture of other variants of blocks.

The work of the form involves removing the block from the form. For this, the handles 49 are not completely unscrewed, leaving them on the threaded parts of the couplers 34, and the tension on the couplers is removed. In this case, the protrusions 32 of the side walls 30 and 31 come out of the grooves 33. The front and rear walls 28 and 29, respectively, extend from the block to the sides. If forms with intermediate walls and partitions are used, then during the stripping of the blocks these walls and partitions depart from the surfaces removed from the form of the blocks.

The implementation of the method of manufacturing wall blocks is as follows. To implement the method, the mold is mounted on the pallet 53 (Figs. 57-60) so that the ridges 44 and the recesses 41 of the mold walls are located below. After that, the first mixture for molding the front layer 12 of the wall block is fed into the mold on a pallet 53 in a fluid pasty state, including crushed expanded clay with fractions of 1-15 mm, cement, plasticizer and water. The first mixture for forming the face layer 12 of the block is fed into the mold in a precisely predetermined volume based on the calculation of the desired thickness of the face layer 12, taking into account the shrinkage of the mixture of this layer. After that, the mixture is vibrated. Vibration can be effected by vibration of the mold or by vibration of the mixture in the mold. In one embodiment, the vibrator is mounted on a pallet 53, in the second case, the vibrator is immersed in the mixture. In any case, the first mixture is subjected to vibration from below - vibrating it in the contact zone with the pallet 53. Vibration is carried out for 1-5 seconds.

After that, the vibration is stopped and a second mixture is fed into the mold in a predetermined volume to form the intermediate layer 13 of the wall block, including expanded clay with fractions of 5-20 mm, cement, plasticizer and water. After the second mixture is fed into the mold, the bottom vibrations of the first and second mixtures in the mold are again vibrated for 1-5 seconds. In this case, vibration from below is carried out by vibration of the first mixture, from which vibration is transmitted to the second mixture. Simultaneously with the vibration of the first and second mixtures, the second mixture and the first mixture are compressed from above by applying a compressive force to the upper surface of the second mixture intended to form the intermediate layer. After that, the vibration is stopped.

Next, a third mixture is fed into the mold on the intermediate layer to form the inner layer of the block containing sand, cement, plasticizer and water, and the first, second, and third mixtures are compressed in the form by pressure from top to bottom on the third mixture. After compression of the mixtures, the upper surface of the third mixture is smoothed to the state of formation of the surface of the inner layer of the block. After the operations are carried out, the indicated first, second and third mixtures are maintained in the form until they are joined together, cured and the front, intermediate and inner layers of the 12-14 block are formed. After that, the block is removed from the mold and dried until ready.

Molded in the form of a crude block is removed from the mold or raw, or heated in the form by any known means, for example hot air, after which the partially dried block is removed. The block is removed from the mold and then it is dried in an air or steaming chamber or dried in air at natural humidity and natural temperature, then the block is stored and dried under natural conditions at natural temperature until it is completely dry and ready to transport the block.

The removal of the block is as follows. Unscrew the handles 49 (Fig. 34) and loosen the screw ties 34. First, the screws are removed from the recesses 35 (Fig. 35) of the rear wall 29 and from the holes of the bar 37. Then, the long part of the handle 49 is combined with a vertically oriented cutout 54 in the rear wall 29 and take the back wall in the opposite direction from the front wall. In this case, one bar 37, located on the rear wall 29, is removed from the mold.

The arms 49 are brought out through the cutouts 54 in the rear wall 29 towards the front wall 28 and the rear wall is freed from the mold, it will be removed from it, releasing one side of the molded block. After that, the side walls 30 and 31 and the front wall 28 are separated from the block. In this case, the screws 34, the screws 49 screwed on them together with the other strap 37, remain connected to the front wall 28, which does not require action for their connection with each other assembly form.

The mentioned elasticity of the walls of the mold due to their slight bending facilitates peeling of the walls of the crude block from the surfaces of the side walls 30 and 31, which are rigidly connected to the rear wall 29 of the form. To peel the walls from the block, the walls are slightly bred to the sides with a special tool, while the side walls are bent and peeled off from the side walls of the block. After removing the effort of diluting the side walls to the sides, the side walls self-adjust to their design position due to elasticity.

Alternatively, another stripping process is provided, for the implementation of which the screw ties 34 are first loosened, then the mold is lifted and fixed over the pallet 53 by any known lifting means, the mold is hung together with the block above the pallet, then the surface is peeled off by means of the elasticity of the mold walls block from the walls of the mold and after that the pallet together with the block is lowered down until the block exits the mold. Similarly, the method is implemented using other mold options in the manufacture of the above block options.

The line for the manufacture of wall blocks (Fig) is represented by a structural diagram. It contains nodes sequentially located and interconnected in a technological sequence, which include posts for performing technological operations. In particular, the line contains a post 60 for receiving and processing cement, a post 61 for receiving and processing crushed expanded clay with fractions of 1-15 mm, a post 62 for receiving and processing whole expanded clay with fractions of 5-20 mm, a post 63 for receiving and processing building sand, post 64 receiving and processing plasticizer and post 65 receiving and processing water.

Posts 60-65 are interconnected via a control unit 66 for these posts. Block 66 and these posts are included in the node 67 receiving and processing components of materials intended for the manufacture of layers of the block. Such layers, in particular, include the front layer 12 of the wall block in the composition of cement, crushed expanded clay with fractions of 1-15 mm, sand, plasticizer and water; the intermediate layer 13 of the wall block in the composition of cement, expanded clay with fractions of 5-20 mm, sand, plasticizer and water; the inner layer 14 of the wall block composed of cement, sand and water.

With a node 67, a node 68 for supplying components of these materials to the mixers is connected. The supply unit 68 comprises cement supply means 69, crushed expanded clay supply means 70 with fractions of 1-15 mm, solid expanded clay supply means with 5-20 mm fractions, sand supply means 72, plasticizer supply means 73 and water supply means 74. All of these supply means are interconnected via a unit 75 for controlling the operation of the component supply unit 68.

The line also contains a unit 76, which includes a mixer 77 of the material of the first face layer 12 of the wall block, a mixer 78 of the material of the second intermediate layer 13 of the wall block and a mixer 79 of the material of the third inner layer 14 of the wall block, the mixers being interconnected via the mixer control unit 80 and node 76.

These components of the line are connected by electric, pneumatic or hydraulic communication channels 81 to control units 66, 75 and 80, which are interconnected by electric communication lines 82, through a central control panel or through a computer 83 that controls the production process of the units.

The line also includes a means of supplying the first mixture into the mold of the first mixture for manufacturing the front layer 12 of the block connected to the mixer 77, a means of supplying the second mixture of the second mixture to the mixer 78 to form the intermediate layer 13 of the block, and also the means of feeding the mold connected to the mixer 79 mixtures for the manufacture of the inner layer 14 of the wall block. The connection of each mixer with the corresponding means of supplying the mixture is made electric. Means 84-86 for supplying mixtures to the mold are interconnected through a unit 87 for controlling the means for supplying mixtures. The control unit 87 is connected by an electric communication line 82 to the computer 83. The mold for the manufacture of the blocks is conventionally shown at 88.

There is a line for the manufacture of wall blocks as follows. Posts 60-65 receiving and processing these components of the material receive and process the material according to a given program. Further, the components of the materials by the supply unit 68, providing a metered supply of materials, are supplied to the mixer 77 to make a mixture of the first layer of the wall block, to the mixer 78 to make a mixture of the second layer of the wall block and to the mixer 79 to make the mixture of the third layer of the wall block. In the mixers, the components are mixed until these mixtures are obtained in them.

After that, in a fluid state, the means 84-86 are fed in a predetermined sequence and in a predetermined amount to the first, second and third mixture into the mold 88. In this case, first, the mixture for manufacturing the face layer 12 of the wall block is fed into the mold by means of 84, then the means 85 are fed into the mold the mixture for the manufacture of the intermediate layer 13 of the block and then means 86 in the form serves mixture for the manufacture of the inner layer 14 of the block. Since all the components of the line are interconnected with the computer 83, the operation of the control units 66, 75, 80 and 87 is carried out in automatic mode and in this mode, all its above-mentioned posts work according to a given program.

When filling out form 88 with mixtures, it can be moved with the pallet according to the program specified by the computer. In another embodiment, the mold remains stationary, while the means 84-86 for feeding mixtures into the mold controlled by the control unit 87 move relative to the mold 88 and fill the mold cells with mixtures.

The ability to automate the manufacturing process of blocks by this production line is essential from the point of view of implementing the method of manufacturing multilayer blocks from mixtures of various compositions.

Claims (41)

1. Wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, the block comprising along its width, the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inner layer is less than the thickness s1 l the core layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand, cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007-0.037) S, the block contains a L-shaped ridge made in the front layer and covering it from two adjacent lateral and lower sides, as well as made in the faces m layer and covering the L-shaped recess, comb and recess located on two other adjacent lateral and upper sides of the block, are located in the same plane parallel to the face of the block, the surface of the crest and recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and the side surfaces of the block located between the front and inner layers are made rough with recesses extending into the block from 0.1 mm to 20 mm between the fractions, while the length L of the block from its front side is chosen depending relative to the width S of the block within L = (0.99-1.01) S, the length Lвн of the block from its inner side is chosen equal to the length of the block from its front side, the front surface of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5. 2. The wall block according to claim 1, characterized in that the height h of the ridge is equal to the depth h1 of the recess, h = (0.05-0.12) H, where H is the height of the block, the comb is made integral with the block by the method of molding it in the form in the manufacture of the block, the crest has beveled surfaces relative to its longitudinal axis, the recess is made in the array of the block, extends to its middle and has beveled surfaces relative to the longitudinal axis, the recess has a reciprocal cross-sectional shape with respect to the shape of the crest in its cross section, and the length the crest is equal to the length y lubleniya. 3. The wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, the block comprising along its width, the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inner layer is less than the thickness s1 l the core layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand, cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007-0.037) S, the block contains a L-shaped ridge made in the front layer and covering it from two adjacent lateral and lower sides, as well as made in the faces the L-shaped recess, the ridge and the recess are located on the same plane parallel to the face of the block, the surface of the ridge and the recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and side block surfaces located between the front and inner layers are roughened with recesses extending into the block from 0.1 mm to 20 mm between fractions, the length Lвн of the block from its inner side is chosen equal to the length e L of the block from its front side and L = (0.4-0.6) S, while the front surface of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5. 4. The wall block according to claim 3, characterized in that the height h of the ridge is equal to the depth h1 of the recess, h = (0.05-0.12) H, where H is the height of the block, the ridge is made integral with the block by the method of molding it in the form in the manufacture of the block, the crest has beveled surfaces relative to its longitudinal axis, the recess is made in the block array, extends to its middle and has beveled surfaces relative to the longitudinal axis, the recess has a reciprocal cross-sectional shape with respect to the shape of the crest in its cross section, and the length the crest is equal to the length y lubleniya. 5. A wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outer front side of the block, an inner surface located on the inner side of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, while the block contains successively arranged along its width, the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inner layer is less than the thickness s1 l the core layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand, cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007-0.037) S, the block contains a comb made in the front layer and located on the lower side, and also made in the front layer and covering with two other x adjacent lateral and upper sides of the block L-shaped recess, comb and recess are located in one plane parallel to the front surface of the block, the surface of the crest and recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the block located between the front and inner layers are made rough with recesses extending into the block from 0.1 mm to 20 mm between the fractions, while the length L of the block from its front side is selected depending on the block width S in the limit x L = (0.99-1.01) S, the face of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5, the length Lвн of the block on its inner side is less than the length of the block on its front side, and the right side surface is beveled at an angle α located between the inner surface of the block and its beveled right side surface, indicated the angle is selected in the range α = 90-145 °. 6. The wall block according to claim 5, characterized in that the height h of the ridge is equal to the depth h1 of the recess, h = (0.05-0.12) H, where H is the height of the block, the comb is made integral with the block by the method of molding it in the form in the manufacture of the block, the crest has beveled surfaces relative to its longitudinal axis, the recess is made in the array of the block, extends to its middle and has beveled surfaces relative to the longitudinal axis, the recess has a reciprocal cross-sectional shape with respect to the shape of the crest in its cross section, and the length the crest is equal to the length y lubleniya. 7. Wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, the block comprising along its width, the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inner layer is less than the thickness s1 l the core layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand, cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007-0.037) S, the block comprises a L-shaped ridge made in the front layer and covering it from two adjacent lower and right lateral sides, as well as the front layer and the recess, ridge and recess located on the upper side of the block are located in one plane parallel to the front surface of the block, the surface of the ridge and recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the block located between the front and the inner layers are made rough with recesses extending inward from 0.1 mm to 20 mm between the fractions, while the length L of the block from its front side is selected depending on the width S of the block in pre elah L = (0.99-1.01) S, the length Lвн of the block from its inner side is chosen equal to the length of the block from its front side, the front surface of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge s5 is greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5, the length Lвн of the block on its inner side is less than the length of the block on its front side, and the left side surface is beveled on angle α, located between the inner surface of the block and its beveled left sides th surface, said angle is selected within α = 90-145 °. 8. The wall block according to claim 7, characterized in that the height h of the ridge is equal to the depth h1 of the recess, h = (0.05-0.12) H, where H is the height of the block, the comb is made integral with the block by the method of molding it in the form in the manufacture of the block, the crest has beveled surfaces relative to its longitudinal axis, the recess is made in the array of the block, extends to its middle and has beveled surfaces relative to the longitudinal axis, the recess has a reciprocal cross-sectional shape with respect to the shape of the crest in its cross section, and the length the crest is equal to the length y lubleniya. 9. A wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper, and side surfaces, the block comprising along its width, the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inner layer is less than the thickness s1 l the core layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand, cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3- (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007-0.037) S, the block contains a comb made in the front layer and located on its lower side, and also made in the front layer and located on the top on the side of the block, the recess, ridge, and recess are located in the same plane parallel to the face of the block, the surface of the ridge and recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper, and side surfaces of the block located between the front and inner layers are made rough with recesses extending into the block from 0.1 mm to 20 mm between the fractions, the length L of the block from its front side being selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.4-0.6) S, the length L with his inside the longer side is chosen to be longer than the length of the block from its front side, the face of the block is located at a distance s4 from the ridge axis, the inner surface of the block is located from the ridge axis at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0 , 08-0.16) s5, the right side surface is beveled at an angle α located between the inner surface of the block and its beveled right side surface, the specified angle is selected in the range of α = 60-90 °. 10. The wall block according to claim 9, characterized in that the height h of the ridge is equal to the depth h1 of the recess, h = (0.05-0.12) H, where H is the height of the block, the comb is made integral with the block by the method of molding it in the form in the manufacture of the block, the crest has beveled surfaces relative to its longitudinal axis, the recess is made in the array of the block, extends to its middle and has beveled surfaces relative to the longitudinal axis, the recess has a reciprocal cross-sectional shape with respect to the shape of the crest in its cross section, and the length the crest is equal to the length y deepenings. 11. A wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, the block comprising along its width, the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inner layer is less than the thickness s1 l the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand, cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007-0.037) S, the block contains a L-shaped ridge made in the front layer and covering it from two adjacent lower and right sides, as well as made in the front m layer and covering the L-shaped recess, comb and recess located on two other adjacent upper and left sides of the block, are located in the same plane parallel to the face of the block, the surface of the crest and recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and the side surfaces of the block located between the front and inner layers are made rough with recesses extending into the block from 0.1 mm to 20 mm between the fractions, while the length L of the block from its front side is chosen depending spans from the width S of the block within L = (0.4-0.6) S, the length Lвн of the block from its inner side is chosen to be greater than the length of the block from its front side, the front surface of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, the inner surface of the block is located from the ridge axis at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5, the left side surface is made beveled at an angle α located between the inner surface of the block and its beveled left side surface, the specified angle is selected in the range α = 60-90 °. 12. The wall block according to claim 11, characterized in that the height h of the ridge is equal to the depth h1 of the recess, h = (0.05-0.12) H, where H is the height of the block, the comb is made integral with the block by the method of molding it in the form in the manufacture of the block, the crest has beveled surfaces relative to its longitudinal axis, the recess is made in the array of the block, extends to its middle and has beveled surfaces relative to the longitudinal axis, the recess has a reciprocal cross-sectional shape with respect to the shape of the crest in its cross section, and the length the crest is equal to the length glubleniya. 13. A wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outer front side of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, the block comprising along its width, the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inner layer is less than the thickness s1 l the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand, cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007-0.037) S, the block contains a L-shaped ridge made in the front layer and covering it from two adjacent lower and left lateral sides, as well as made in the front layer and the recess located on the upper side, the crest and the recess are located in the same plane parallel to the face of the block, the surface of the crest and the recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the block located between the front and inner layers made rough with recesses extending into the block from 0.1 mm to 20 mm between the fractions, while the length L of the block from its front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.4-0.6) S, the face of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0 , 08-0.16, s5, the length Lвн of the block on its inner side is less than the length of the block on its front side and is selected within Lвн = (0.3-0.35) S, a notch with a right angle is made on the right side of the block, located at the intersection of the right lateral surface and the facial layer. 14. The wall block according to item 13, characterized in that the height h of the ridge is equal to the depth h1 of the recess, h = (0.05-0.12) H, where H is the height of the block, the comb is made integral with the block by the method of molding it in the form in the manufacture of the block, the crest has beveled surfaces relative to its longitudinal axis, the recess is made in the array of the block, extends to its middle and has beveled surfaces relative to the longitudinal axis, the recess has a reciprocal cross-sectional shape with respect to the shape of the crest in its cross section. 15. Wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, wherein the block comprises along its width, the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inner layer is less than the thickness s1 l the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand, cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007-0.037) S, the block contains a L-shaped ridge made in the front layer and covering it from two adjacent lower and left lateral sides, as well as made in the front layer and the recess, comb and recess located on the upper side of the block are located in the same plane parallel to the face surface of the block, the surface of the crest and recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the block located between the front and inner layers are made rough with recesses from 0.1 mm to 20 mm between fractions, while the length L of the block from its front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.99-1.01) S, the length L with his inside of the lower side is selected within the limits of Lв = (0.7-0.75) S, the front surface of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5, a notch with a right angle located at the intersection of the right side surface and the front layer was made on the right side of the block. 16. The wall block according to clause 15, characterized in that the height h of the ridge is equal to the depth h1 of the recess, h = (0.05-0.12) H, where H is the height of the block, the comb is made integral with the block by the method of molding it in the form in the manufacture of the block, the crest has beveled surfaces relative to its longitudinal axis, the recess is made in the array of the block, extends to its middle and has beveled surfaces relative to the longitudinal axis, the recess has a reciprocal cross-sectional shape with respect to the shape of the crest in its cross section. 17. A wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, the block comprising along its width, the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inner layer is less than the thickness s1 l the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand, cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007-0.037) S, the block comprises a L-shaped ridge made in the front layer and covering it from two adjacent lower and right lateral sides, as well as in the front layer and the recess located on the upper side of the block, the crest and the recess are located in one plane parallel to the front surface of the block, the crest and recess surfaces, the front and inner surfaces are solid, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the block located between the front and inner layers made rough with recesses from 0.1 mm to 20 mm between fractions, while the length L of the block from its front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.99-1.01) S, length Lвн block with its internal the upper side is selected within the limits Lb = (0.7-0.75) S, the front surface of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5, a notch with a right angle located at the intersection of the left side surface and the front layer is made on the left side of the block. 18. The wall block according to claim 17, characterized in that the height h of the ridge is equal to the depth h1 of the recess, h = (0.05-0.12) N, where H is the height of the block, the comb is made integral with the block by the method of molding it in the form in the manufacture of the block, the crest has beveled surfaces relative to its longitudinal axis, the recess is made in the array of the block, extends to its middle and has beveled surfaces relative to the longitudinal axis, the recess has a reciprocal cross-sectional shape with respect to the shape of the crest in its cross section. 19. A wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outer front side of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, the block comprising along its width, the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inner layer is less than the thickness s1 l the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand, cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007-0.037) S, the block contains a L-shaped ridge made in the front layer and located on its adjacent lower and right lateral sides, as well as the front layer and the recess located on the upper side, the crest and the recess are located in the same plane parallel to the face of the block, the surface of the crest and the recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the block located between the front and inner layers made rough with recesses extending into the block from 0.1 mm to 20 mm between the fractions, the length L of the block from its front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.4-0.6) S, l the central surface of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5, length Lвн the block on its inner side is less than the length of the block on its front side, the length Lвн of the block on its inner side is selected within Lвн = (0.3-0.35) S, a notch with a right angle located at the intersection is made on the right side of the block right side surface and front layer. 20. The wall block according to claim 19, characterized in that the height h of the ridge is equal to the depth h1 of the recess, h = (0.05-0.12) H, where H is the height of the block, the ridge is made integral with the block by the method of molding it in the form in the manufacture of the block, the crest has beveled surfaces relative to its longitudinal axis, the recess is made in the array of the block, extends to its middle and has beveled surfaces relative to the longitudinal axis, the recess has a reciprocal cross-sectional shape with respect to the shape of the crest in its cross section. 21. A wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, the block comprising along its width, the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inner layer is less than the thickness s1 l the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand, cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007-0.037) S, the front and inner surfaces of the block are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the block located between the front and the inner layers of the block are made rough with recesses extending inward from 0.1 mm to 20 mm between the fractions, the length L of the block from its front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.99-1.01) S, the length Lвн of the block from its inner side is selected within the range of Lв = (0.4-0.6) S, the front surface of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, the inner surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.08-0.16) s5, the block contains the first recess located on its upper surface, broken in the horizontal plane, adjacent to the second straight recess located on the left side surface, the recesses cover the block from its two adjacent upper and lateral sides, the block also contains a broken in horizontal face layer on its lower surface the plane of the first ridge adjacent to the second straight ridge located on the right side surface from the front of the block, the ridges span the block from its two other adjacent right and lower sides, with a straight ridge on the right side of the block, one part of the broken crest, which is located on the lower side of the block, and one part of the broken groove on the upper side of the block are located in one vertical plane located at an oblique angle β to the front surface of the block, the second part a broken crest on the lower side of the block, a recess on the left side of the block and one part of the broken first recess on the upper side of the block are located in another vertical plane located under another oblique angle m β to the front surface of the block, while the front surface is wedge-shaped with two surfaces adjacent at an angle of 2β to each other, each of which is located at an angle β to the axis of symmetry of the block, the angle β is selected within β = 45-90 °, each side the surface of the block is made beveled at an angle α located between the inner surface of the block and its lateral surface in the range of α = 90-145 °. 22. The wall block according to item 21, characterized in that the height h of the ridge is equal to the depth h1 of the recess, h = (0.05-0.12) H, where H is the height of the block, the comb is made integral with the block by the method of molding it in the form in the manufacture of the block, the crest has beveled surfaces relative to its longitudinal axis, the recess is made in the array of the block, extends to its middle and has beveled surfaces relative to the longitudinal axis, the recess has a reciprocal cross-sectional shape with respect to the shape of the crest in its cross section. 23. A wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outside face of the block, an inner surface located on the inside of the block, lower, upper and side surfaces, the block comprising along its width, the front layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer, the front layer having a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inner layer is less than the thickness s1 l the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand, cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007-0.037) S, the front and inner surfaces of the block are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the block located between the front and the inner layers of the block are made rough with recesses extending into the block from 0.1 mm to 20 mm between the fractions, the length L of the block from its front side is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (0.4-0.6) S, the length Lвн of the block from its inner side is selected within the range of Lвн = (0.99-1.01) S, the inner surface of the block is wedge-shaped with two surfaces adjacent at an angle of 2β to each other, each of which is located at an angle β to the axis symmetry of the block, the specified angle is selected within β = 45-90 °, each side surface of the block made beveled at an angle α = 90-145 °, located between the front surface of the block and adjacent side surface. 24. The wall block according to item 23, characterized in that its design has a symmetrical shape with a longitudinal axis passing through the intersection point of the inner surfaces of the block. 25. A wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material having a lower, upper and side surface, from the outer front side of the block contains right-angled front surfaces forming a protruding corner of the block, from the inside of the block contains located at right angles to the inner surface, forming a rectangular recess, forming the inner corner of the block, while the block contains sequentially located in two of its mutually perpendicular face layers, intermediate layers and inner layers, and in each indicated direction, the face layer has a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the thickness s3 of the inner layer is less than the thickness s1 of the face layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions in ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand, cement and plasticizer, the specified thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected in depending on the width S of the block, equal to the length of any side of the block to its specified rectangular recess, the thicknesses of the layers of the block are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007-0.037) S, the length L of the block on each face of the block is selected depending on the width S of the block within L = (1.49-1.51) S, the block contains a L-shaped ridge made in the face layer, located in one plane on the lower surface of the block, as well as an L-shaped recess made in the front layer, which is located in one plane on the upper surface of the block, the comb and the hardening is located in two parallel planes, the block contains a straight ridge located on the right side of the block, as well as a straight recess located on the left side of the block, the surfaces of the ridges and indentations, the front and inner surfaces of the block are solid, and the lower and upper block surfaces located between the front and inner layers are made rough with recesses from 0.1 mm to 20 mm between fractions, each face of the block is located at a distance s4 from the axis of the ridge, p parallel to the front surface, each inner surface of the block is located from the ridge axis at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.05-0.10) s5, and the length s on each side of the rectangular recess is selected within sv = (0.4-0.6) L. 26. The wall block according A.25, characterized in that the height h of the ridge is equal to the depth h1 of the recess, h = (0.05-0.12) H, where H is the height of the block, the comb is made integral with the block by the method of molding it in the form in the manufacture of the block, each crest has beveled surfaces relative to its longitudinal axis, each recess is made in the array of the block, extends to its middle and has beveled surfaces relative to the longitudinal axis of the recess, which has a cross section in response to the shape of the crest in its cross section . 27. The wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material having lower, upper surfaces, right and side surfaces located at right angles, the block contains face layers and intermediate layers successively arranged in two mutually perpendicular directions, moreover the front layer has a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, the front layer contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer is it contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the indicated thicknesses of the block layers are selected depending on the length L of each face of the block equal to the length of any side of the block, the thickness of the block layers is in the ratio s1: s2 = ( 0.10-0.17) L: (0.89-0.79) L, while the length L of the block on each of its front sides is selected within L = (0.99-1.01) S, the length of each side the side of the block is equal to the length of the block on its front side, the block contains a L-shaped ridge made in the front layer, located in one plane on the lower side e of the block, as well as an L-shaped recess made in the front layer, located in the same plane on the upper side of the block, the block also contains a straight ridge located on the right side of the block, as well as a straight recess located on the left side of the block, the surface of the ridges and recesses, the front surfaces of the block are solid, while the lower, upper and side surfaces of the block are roughened with recesses from 0.1 mm to 20 mm between fractions, each front surface of the block is located at a distance and s4 from the axis of the ridge or from the axis of the recess, which are parallel to the front surface, each side surface of the block is located from the axis of the ridge or from the axis of the recess parallel to the front surface, at a distance s5 greater than the distance s4, while s4 and s5 are in the ratio s4 = (0.11-0.21) s5. 28. The wall block according to item 27, characterized in that the height h of the ridge is equal to the depth h1 of the recess, h = (0.05-0.12) H, where H is the height of the block, each ridge is made integral with the block by the method of molding form in the manufacture of the block, the crest has beveled surfaces relative to its longitudinal axis, each recess is made in the array of the block, extends to its middle and has beveled surfaces relative to the longitudinal axis, the recess has a reciprocal cross-sectional shape with respect to the shape of the crest in its cross section. 29. Wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outer front side of the block, side, lower and upper surfaces, as well as a face layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer, the face layer has a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the inner layer has a thickness s3 that is less than the thickness of the front layer, the latter contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions ranging from 1 to 5 mm, industrial the daily layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand, cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007-0.037) S, the block also contains a comb made in the front layer, one part of which is located on the right side surface of the block along its height , the second part of this ridge is located on half the lower surface of the block in the direction of its length, and the third part of the ridge extends from the second part of the ridge to the face of the block, the parts of the ridge form one solid ridge having a complex shape, a recess is made in the front layer of the block, one part of which is located on half of the upper surface of the block, the second part of the recess is located across the width of the block and extends from the first parts of the recess toward the front surface of the block, and the third part of the recess is located on the front surface of the block by its height, all parts of the recess are interconnected and are one of the above a curved recess having a complex shape, while the surfaces of the ridge and recesses, the front and inner surfaces of the front layer and the inner layer are made continuous and smooth, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the intermediate layer of the block located between the front and inner layers are made rough with recesses from 0.1 mm to 20 mm, and the length L of the block is selected in the range L = (1.49-1.51) S. 30. The wall block according to clause 29, characterized in that the height of the ridge is equal to the depth h1 of the recess, h = (0.05-0.12) H, where H is the height of the block, the ridge is made in one piece with the block by the method of molding it in the form in the manufacture of the block, each part of the ridge has beveled surfaces relative to its longitudinal axis, each part of the recess extends from the surfaces of the block to its middle and has beveled surfaces relative to the longitudinal axis of the recess, the recess has a cross section in cross section with respect to the shape of the ridge in its cross section . 31. Wall block, characterized in that it is made in the form of a faceted structure of cured material, having a front surface located on the outer front side of the block, side, lower and upper surfaces, as well as a face layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer, the face layer has a thickness s1 that is less than the thickness s2 of the intermediate layer, and the inner layer has a thickness that is less than the thickness of the face layer of the block, the face layer contains cement, plasticizer and crushed expanded clay with fractions in the limit from 1 to 5 mm, the intermediate layer of the block contains cement, plasticizer and expanded clay with fractions ranging from 5 to 20 mm, the inner layer of the block contains sand, cement and plasticizer, the indicated thicknesses of the layers of the block are selected depending on the width S of the block and are in the ratio s1: s2: s3 = (0.10-0.17) S: (0.89-0.79) S: (0.007-0.037) S, while the block contains a comb made in the front layer, one part of which is located along the middle of the block on its front surface along the height of the block, the second part of the ridge is located on the lower surface of the block in the direction of its length, third part of the ridge extends from the second part of the ridge to the first part of the ridge, these parts of the ridge form a single integral ridge having a complex shape, also in the front layer of the block there is a recess, one part of which is located on half of the upper surface of the block along it, the second part of the recess is located along the height of the block on the left side surface, and the third part of the recess extends from its first part towards the front surface of the block, the parts of the recess are connected and represent one recess having a layer the shape of the ridge and the recess, the front and inner surfaces are solid and smooth, and the lower, upper and side surfaces of the intermediate layer of the block, located between the front and inner layers, are made rough with recesses from 0.1 mm to 20 mm between fractions of the intermediate layer, and the length L of the block is selected in the range L = (1.49-1.51) S. 32. The wall block according to p. 31, characterized in that the height h of the ridge is equal to the depth h1 of the recess, h = (0.05-0.12) H, where H is the height of the block, the comb is made integral with the block by the method of molding it in the form in the manufacture of the block, each part of the ridge has beveled surfaces relative to its longitudinal axis, each part of the recess extends from the surfaces of the block to its middle and has beveled surfaces relative to the longitudinal axis of the recess, the recess has a cross section in cross section with respect to the shape of the ridge in its cross section . 33. Material for the manufacture of wall blocks, characterized in that it contains a mixture in the liquid phase, wt.%:
for forming the front layer of the wall block
expanded clay expanded with fractions of 1-15 mm and specific gravity in the range from 200 to 350 kg / m ³ 50-60 Portland M500 cement 30-40 plasticizer 0.7-3.0 water rest,
for forming an intermediate layer of a wall block
expanded clay with fractions of 5-20 mm and specific gravity in the range from 200 to 350 kg / m ³ 70-80 Portland M500 cement 20-35 plasticizer 0.5-1.0 water rest,
for forming the inner layer of the wall block
building sand 50-60 Portland M500 cement 30-40 plasticizer 1.0-3.0 water rest 34. A mold for the manufacture of wall blocks, characterized in that it comprises a front wall, a rear wall and side walls mounted on a pallet, while the side walls are rigidly connected to the rear wall, each side wall has protrusions in the upper and lower parts that are located in grooves of the front wall, the form has screw ties located in its middle part, made of screws passing through the front and rear walls, which are located in open recesses of the front and rear walls and in the holes of the slats, adj running to the front and rear walls, strips and screws cover the mold on four sides, each screw is located in the recesses of the front and rear walls, in the lower part of the shape of its wall there are ridges and indentations, the longitudinal axes of which are located in one horizontal plane parallel to the plane of the pallet, the profile of each recess in its cross section has an identical shape to the profile of each ridge in its cross section, one end of the screw tie is pressed against one bar, and a handle is screwed on the other end of the screw tie, the shape is Nena as an open top and bottom of boxes mounted on said pallet, the front and rear walls have formed therein a vertically oriented recesses formed near the recesses, each recess together with the adjacent open side of the recess forms a window for the unimpeded passage therethrough of the handle. 35. A mold for making blocks, characterized in that it comprises a front wall mounted on a pallet, at least one or a plurality of intermediate walls, a rear wall, at least two pairs or a plurality of side walls, each pair of side walls being rigidly connected to one rear wall or to one intermediate wall, and in this connection, said rigidly connected walls form a separate section connected to an adjacent similar section extending from the rear wall of the mold to and at the other end of the form the front wall, and in the upper and lower parts of each intermediate and front wall, grooves are open at the top and bottom, in which the protrusions of the side walls of the adjacent section are located, the form also contains strips with holes, as well as screw ties located in the holes of the strips and in the recesses of the front, rear and intermediate walls, screw ties are made in the form of elongated rods covering the sides, each screw coupler has a handle screwed onto one end of it, bars and screw ties they melt the mold from four sides in such a way that the strips are in contact with the front and rear walls and are tightened to them by ties, in the lower part of the shape of its wall there are ridges and indentations, the longitudinal axes of which are located in one horizontal plane parallel to the plane of the pallet on which the walls are mounted the shape, and the profile of each recess in its cross section is identical to the profile of each ridge in the cross section of the ridge, the shape is made in the form of a box open on the bottom and top mounted on the specified pallet, the front and back NJ walls have formed therein a vertically oriented recesses formed near the recesses, each recess together with the adjacent open side of the recess forms a window for the unimpeded passage therethrough of the handle. 36. A mold for manufacturing blocks, characterized in that it comprises a front wall mounted on a pallet, a rear wall identical to an intermediate wall, said walls are arranged parallel and vertically on the pallet, side walls and intermediate side walls are located between these walls, the latter are connected to front, rear and intermediate wall, each intermediate side wall is inclined at an angle α located between it and the pallet, the angle α is selected greater or less than the right angle of 90 °, the sides the walls are rigidly connected to the rear wall and form a section with it, grooves for protrusions of the adjacent section are made in the upper and lower parts of the rear wall, each side wall and each side intermediate wall have protrusions located in the open grooves of the intermediate wall or in the grooves of the adjacent front wall, the mold has in its middle part screw ties located in the open recesses of the front, rear and intermediate walls, as well as in the holes of the slats, which together with screw ties cover the form on four sides with such Because the strips are in contact with the front and rear walls and are tightened by the couplers, each screw coupler has a handle screwed on one end, and in the lower part of the shape of its wall there are ridges and indentations located in one plane parallel to the plane of the pallet, the form is made in the form of a box open on the bottom and top mounted on the indicated pallet, the front and rear walls have vertically oriented cuts made in them, made near the recesses, each cut together with the open side adjacent to it a new recess forms a window for the unhindered passage of the handle through it. 37. A mold for the manufacture of blocks, characterized in that it comprises front and rear walls mounted on a pallet, between which at least one intermediate wall is located, the rear wall has grooves for accommodating protrusions of a separate section to be joined with it, the form contains side walls pairwise opposite each other, one pair of side walls is rigidly connected to the rear wall, each other similar pair of side walls is rigidly connected to the intermediate wall, in connection with the rear and intermediate walls, each pair of side walls forms a separate section, the sections are interconnected so that the protrusions of the side walls are located in the grooves of the intermediate and front walls, while the side walls are pressed against the intermediate and front walls by screw ties located in the holes of the front, intermediate and rear walls , the couplers cover the form from its two sides and tighten the shape in its longitudinal direction along the side walls, each screw coupler has a handle screwed on one end of it, the bottom of the form is internal on top the walls have ridges and recesses with beveled surfaces, the profile of each recess in its cross section is identical to the profile of each ridge in the cross section of the ridge, while the side walls or side walls located on both sides of the form, located on both sides of the form, are inclined at an angle α, located between the side wall and the pallet, the angle of inclination of the wall is selected greater or less than a right angle of 90 °, while the shape has a lower wall formed by a pallet having a broken inner surface, consisting w of two parts, each of which is disposed at an angle β to the vertical axis of symmetry forms, wherein β is greater than or less than a right angle of 90 °, and the shape is formed as an open top and bottom of boxes mounted on said pallet. 38. A mold for the manufacture of blocks, characterized in that it comprises front and rear walls mounted on a pallet, between which at least one intermediate wall is located, the rear wall has grooves for accommodating protrusions of a separate section to be joined with it, the form contains side walls pairwise opposite each other, one pair of side walls is rigidly connected to the rear wall, each other similar pair of side walls is rigidly connected to the intermediate wall, in connection with the rear and intermediate walls, each pair of side walls forms a separate section, the sections are interconnected so that the protrusions of the side walls are located in the grooves of the intermediate and front walls, while the side walls are pressed against the intermediate and front walls by screw ties located in the holes of the front, intermediate and rear walls , the couplers cover the form from its two sides and tighten the form in its longitudinal direction along the side walls, each screw coupler has a handle screwed on one end, while being located on one the side of the form, the side walls or side walls located on both sides of the form are inclined at an angle α located between the side wall and the pallet, the angle of inclination of the wall is selected greater or less than the right angle of 90 °, while the form has a bottom wall formed by a pallet having broken internal surface, consisting of two parts, each of which is located at an angle β to the vertical axis of symmetry of the form, with β greater than or less than the right angle of 90 °, and the form is made in the form of a box open on the bottom and top, installed on on the indicated pallet. 39. A mold for the manufacture of blocks, characterized in that it comprises front and rear walls mounted on a pallet, between which at least one intermediate wall is located, the rear wall has grooves for accommodating protrusions of a separate section to be joined with it, the form contains partitions and side walls in pairs opposite each other, one pair of side walls and a partition rigidly connected to the rear wall, each other similar pair of side walls and a partition rigidly connected to an intermediate In conjunction with the rear and intermediate walls, each pair of side walls and the partition form a separate section, the sections are interconnected so that the protrusions of the side walls are located in the grooves of the intermediate and front walls, while the side walls are pressed against the intermediate and front walls by screw ties, located in the recesses of the front, intermediate and rear walls, the screeds cover the form on its two sides and tighten the form in its longitudinal direction along the side walls, each screw screed is screwed onto one end of the handle, while in the front, rear and intermediate walls are made parallel to each other horizontal grooves and parallel to each other vertical grooves, convex to the side of the front wall, the shape is made in the form of an open bottom and top of the box mounted on the specified the pallet, the front, intermediate and rear walls have vertically oriented cuts made in them, made near the notches, each cut together with the open side of the notch adjacent to it develops a window for the smooth passage of the handle through it. 40. A method of manufacturing wall blocks, characterized in that they set the mold for the manufacture of blocks on a pallet so that the mold elements for forming the crest and the recesses of the block are located below, after which the first mixture for forming the front layer of the wall block is fed into the mold, including crushed expanded clay with fractions of 1-15 mm, cement, plasticizer and water, and the bottom vibrates the first mixture in the mold for 1-5 s, after which the vibration of the first mixture is stopped and the second mixture for molding is fed into the mold the intermediate layer of the wall block, including expanded clay with fractions of 5-20 mm, cement, plasticizer and water, and carry out the vibration of these two mixtures in the form for 1-5 seconds from the bottom, simultaneously with the vibration from the bottom, compress from above the second mixture and the first mixture, the third mixture is then fed into the mold on the intermediate layer to form the inner layer of the block, containing sand, cement, plasticizer and water, all the layers of the block are compressed in the form by pressure from top to bottom on the third mixture and the third mixture is smoothed to the formation state overhnosti indoor unit layer, after the operation block maintained in the form of layers to a state of their connection to each other and partially cure, and then removed from the mold unit. 41. A line for the production of wall blocks, characterized in that it contains a cement receiving and processing station, a reception site for crushed expanded clay, a reception station for whole expanded clay, a plasticizer receiving station, a sand receiving station and a water receiving station for making facial, intermediate mixtures and the inner layers of the wall block, while the reception and processing posts are interconnected and with the control unit of the reception and processing posts, which with these posts forms a receiving and processing unit of these materials fishing, the receiving and processing unit is connected with the unit for supplying materials to the mixers, and the unit for supplying materials to the mixers contains means for supplying cement, crushed expanded clay, solid expanded clay, sand, plasticizer and water, these means for supplying are functionally combined into a unit for supplying materials and interconnected and with the control unit for the operation of the material supply unit, a mixer unit is connected to the material supply unit, which includes mixers for making mixtures of the front, intermediate and inner layers of the wall block , the mixers are interconnected and with the mixer control unit, the line also contains mixtures supplying means in the form of mixtures for manufacturing the front, intermediate and inner layers of the wall block, and the mixtures supplying means in the form are interconnected with the mixture supply control unit, and all of these control units are connected to each other and to the central line control panel.

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