RU2528958C1 - Method for preserving anatomical preparations of bones - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: method for preserving anatomical preparations of bones provides coating a defatted, dried bone cleaned of soft tissues with a preserving composition prepared of Dragon polymer adhesive and acetone taken in ratio 1:(1-3).

EFFECT: method provides mechanical stability and natural bone colour; the method is simple and safe in use.

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Description

The present invention relates to medicine and can be used in the work of anatomical museums, collections, departments of anatomy of medical universities.

Two widely used methods for preparing bone preparations are known in medicine - by maceration (soft tissue rotting in water) and by digestion (Pikalyuk B.C., Moroz G.A., Kutya S.A. Methodical manual for the manufacture of anatomical preparations, Simferopol, 2004). Subsequently, the bones may be bleached in a solution of hydrogen peroxide or under the influence of sunlight. The subsequent use of bone preparations in museum collections and in practical classes with students of medical universities does not imply methods for their additional conservation.

Despite the apparent strength, preparations of bones, especially those consisting of spongy bone tissue - the epiphyses of long tubular bones, pelvic bones, vertebrae, sacrum, sternum, clavicle undergo intensive destruction as a result of studying their structure by students in practical exercises.

Given the great difficulty in obtaining enough cadaveric material for educational and research purposes, prolonging the life of bone material in the departments of normal anatomy of medical universities is a very urgent task.

An analogue of this method is the traditional preparation of bone preparations by any of the methods described above without the application of subsequent measures for their conservation (Kuznetsov L.E., Khokhlov V.V., Fadeev S.P., Shigeev V.B. Embalming and restoration of corpses: Manual . - M., 1999 .-- 496 p.).

The disadvantage of this method is the gradual destruction of bone tissue in places where the bone beams are thinned, on the surface of the bone there are irregularities, numerous nutrient holes, small bone protrusions. When students work with such bone preparations, the latter experience constant bone traumatic microexposure, leading to breaking off sections of bone tissue.

The closest analogue of the method is the method of plastination of biological tissues (Gayvoronsky I.V. Grigoryan S.P. The method of polymer embalming of anatomical preparations with siloxane compositions (RF patent No. 2426311), which involves several stages of fixation, dehydration, degreasing, soaking in a siloxane composition without the use of solvents and under the influence of ultrasound and polymerization after giving the body the necessary position by heating the latter in an thermostat at 35-40 ° C. The plastination method is about They are commonly used to obtain soft tissue preparations, however, as stated in the above patent, they are not limited to. The disadvantage of this method is considerable laboriousness, the need for expensive reagents and special equipment, considerable time for preparation of preparations and substantial redundancy of the method, given that the bone preparation It is hard enough and for conservation it needs to strengthen the strength properties of the surface, and not in the elasticity of the latter.

The objectives of the invention are to accelerate and reduce the cost of preservation of bone preparations in order to give their surface layers mechanical resistance and preserve the natural color of the bone.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that previously cleaned from soft tissues, fat-free and dried bone (including you can take a long-made bone preparation) is impregnated in one way or another (using a brush, spraying, complete immersion) with a solution prepared by mixing 1 part of the polymer glue "Dragon" and 1 ÷ 3 parts of acetone. Processing, if necessary, is carried out three times. After each time, the drug is dried.

The technical result is achieved through the use of cheap non-toxic, widely available components and the absence of the need for sophisticated equipment, for example, a vacuum chamber at a negligible cost compared to the closest analogue. The duration of bone preservation is from half an hour to 9-12 hours, a significant part of which is occupied by the process of impregnation by immersion and drying of the drug, which does not require direct human involvement.

The method is as follows:

- pre-prepare a mixture of 1 part of Dragon polymer glue and 1 ÷ 3 parts of technical acetone, thoroughly homogenize the mixture;

- fat-free and dried bone cleaned from soft tissues is covered with the resulting solution (using a brush, spraying or complete immersion);

- within 7-60 minutes there is a complete drying of the bone;

- if necessary, if there is a significant number of nutrient holes in the bone, exostoses, irregularities, bone spines, the treatment is repeated after complete drying two or three times;

- the creation of the full mechanical strength of the coating layer occurs during the first days after its application.

The choice of a solution of polyvinyl acetate resin in an organic solvent is due to its good dissolution in acetone, as well as the ability to form a strong colorless layer that binds well to the surface of bone tissue. The need for acetone in the mixture is caused by the need to make the composition fluid, able to penetrate deep into the bone channels through the nutritional holes, and gently cover the bone surface without formation of sagging.

Below are examples illustrating the implementation of the proposed method.

Example 1. They took the femoral cadaver, cleaned it of soft tissues by maceration. Degreased in gasoline (bone / gas ratio = 1/5 by weight) with a three-fold change of solvent for three days. Dried in the sun for 3 days. This bone had completely preserved anatomical structures - the medial and lateral epicondyles, the greater and lesser trochanters, and the pronounced gluteal tuberosity. On the above structures, a significant number of irregularities, microscopic bone protrusions, and many nutrient holes are observed. The surface of the bone in these places is rough, clings to the skin.

A homogeneous solution was prepared containing 1 part of Dragon polymer glue and 1 part of technical acetone. Using a brush, the surface of the bone was coated with this solution. On these surface areas, bearing a large number of bone protrusions and nutrient openings, a larger amount of solution was applied. After 7 minutes, the complete drying of the bone surface was observed. Additionally, the treatment was carried out twice more. Examination of the drug after a day showed the presence of a thin, dense, colorless, almost imperceptible surface by visual inspection. The degree of surface roughness of the drug is significantly reduced. For three years, bone was constantly used in the educational process, while violations of the integrity of bone tissue were not found.

Example 2. They took the sacrum, which has long been in the osteological collection of the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Kuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia. All anatomically significant structures of this bone were completely intact. On the entire surface of the bone there is a significant number of irregularities, microscopic bone protrusions, and many nutrient holes. The surface of the bone had a significant roughness, clung to the skin of the hands. The sacrum is considered one of the most sensitive to mechanical influences bone preparation of the human skeleton.

The bone was completely immersed in acetone for two hours for additional degreasing and penetration of the solvent into the smallest bone canals.

A homogeneous solution was prepared containing 1 part of Dragon polymer glue and 3 parts of technical acetone. The bone was taken out of acetone, dried in air for an hour, and an additional two hours completely immersed in the prepared solution.

Then the bone was removed from the solution, dried in air for 40 minutes, and again coated on top with a solution containing 1 part of a solution of polyvinyl acetate resin in an organic solvent and 1 part of technical acetone to give the surface layer additional strength.

A day later, examination of the drug showed the presence on the surface of a dense, colorless, hardly noticeable by visual inspection, non-removable film. We noted a good smoothness of the drug to the touch. During the year, the drug was used in the educational process, fully preserved, retains strength and does not lose appearance.

Example 3. They took a bone preparation of the base of the skull, which is in the osteological collection of the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Kuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia. Some parts of the bone had initial manifestations of destruction, especially expressed in the structure of the small bones of the nasal cavity. The bone was well defatted and dried prior to the start of the preservation process.

The immersion of the drug in a preservative composition was fully recognized as impractical due to the need for the cost of large volumes of reagents. Brush coating was not possible due to difficulties accessing many areas of the nasal cavity.

A homogeneous solution was prepared containing 1 part of Dragon polymer glue and 3 parts of technical acetone. The drug was treated on all sides with the resulting solution through a household spray until the degree of complete wetting of the surface was achieved. Twenty minutes later, the drug was completely dry. The same treatment was repeated twice more.

A day later, examination of the drug showed the presence on the surface of a dense, colorless, hardly noticeable by visual inspection, non-removable film. We noted the increased smoothness of the drug.

After a year of use in the educational process, the drug is not damaged, the lacrimal bone and other bones of the medial wall of the orbit, which are destroyed by careless handling of the drug by students in the first place, are completely preserved.

The proposed method can find application in the work of the departments of normal anatomy to prolong the life of bone preparations used in the educational process.

Claims (1)

A method for preserving bone anatomical preparations, including cleaning the bone from soft tissues, degreasing, drying and applying a preservative composition to the bone preparation, characterized in that Dragon polymer glue mixed with acetone in a ratio of 1: (1) is used as a preservative composition. -3), the bone preparation is impregnated 1-3 times, and after each time the preparation is dried.