RU2528837C1 - Additive from plant raw material and method of its preparation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: silicon-containing additive for food and feed purposes, as well as for fertilisers comprises plant raw material and a component selected from the group: soluble sugar, and/or sodium bicarbonate, and/or catechin-type chelating agent, in an amount of up to 40 wt %, subjected to mechanical-chemical activation. At that more than 80% of the additive after the mechanical-chemical activation at a temperature no more than 88°C has a particle size less than 80 microns. The additive comprises the plant raw material as waste from the production of flour, production of cereals, including rice hulls, buckwheat hulls, hulls of oat, millet, oat groats. The catechin-type chelating agent is used as fireweed, green tea, or their mixture. The initial components are mixed before feeding to the mill-activator or mixing of the components is carried out simultaneously with the mechanical-chemical activation in the mill-activator. The mechanical-chemical activation is carried out at a temperature not higher than 88°C over the time providing grinding more than 80% additives to a particle size less than 80 microns.

EFFECT: use of the claimed invention enables to obtain the silicon-containing additive for food and feed purposes, and for fertilisation with a minimum amount of fractions and preventing inactivation and oxidation of the mixture components with simultaneous increasing the solubility of silicon.

16 cl, 4 tbl

Description

The invention is intended for use in agriculture: for the preparation of feed additives, for the preparation of biostimulants of plant growth, as well as for the preparation of food additives intended for human consumption.

There are a large number of silicon-containing products used for the preparation of feed additives, food additives, fertilizers. Various methods are known for their preparation.

A known method of producing a hydrolyzate from husks of rice and other cereals (RF Patent 2262242, IPC ⁷ A23J 1/12, publ. 20.10.2005).

A method of obtaining a hydrolyzate provides for the hydrolysis of raw materials with hydrochloric acid, followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide. Then the product is homogenized and hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide at a temperature of 100-120 ° C for 2-4 hours at a concentration of 2-10%. Then the product is neutralized with hydrochloric acid. The volume ratio of raw materials to chemical reagents is 1: 4-1: 6. After neutralization, the product is divided into two fractions (soluble and used for food) and dried.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, which makes the method less environmentally friendly.

A known method for producing finely dispersed medications intended for inhalation (see patent EP 1338273, IPC АКК 0/14, published August 27, 2003), according to which the initial powder is ground at a temperature below -30 ° C using a mill medium in a jet mill comprising helium or a mixture of helium with another gas.

In the known method of grinding helium, it is possible to increase the flow rate at low temperature, however, the low productivity of the grinding process, the possibility of aggregation of powder particles due to their electrification and the need to cool the grinding medium limit its scope.

A known method of producing the drug (RF Patent 2418598, IPC A61K 35/64, A61K 36/738, A61P 37/02, published on 05/20/2011). A method of obtaining a drug having immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects, which consists in crushing the components of the preparation of rose hips and / or flower pollen, drying to a moisture content of 10%, freezing flower pollen and / or rose hips individually to a temperature of - (40-60) ° C followed by exposure to each component in the jet mill with an air stream under a pressure of 0.6-0.8 MPa to obtain particles with sizes not exceeding 500 nm.

Its disadvantage is the difficult way to obtain it to obtain the necessary properties of the drug.

From a practical point of view, the method of mechanical activation, as one of the options for “dry” technologies and used in the preparation of the proposed additives, has a number of environmental and economic advantages (Lomovsky OI, Boldyrev VV Mechanochemistry in solving environmental problems, SPSL SB RAS : Novosibirsk, 2006.221 s.).

Solid-phase mechanochemical interaction of biogenic amorphous silica and green tea polyphenols in order to obtain preparations containing bioavailable silicon and antioxidants is a promising way of processing tea production waste and rice husk into popular preparations. The use of baking soda, soluble sugar in the proposed additive also helps to increase the release of bioavailable silicon from rice husks.

Known feed flour from rice husks and green tea and the method of its production (Patent RU 2438344, IPC A23K 1/00, A23K 1/16, publ. 10.01.2012).

Feed flour from rice husk and green tea has the following composition,% wt.: Source of chelating agents - 5-20, hydrolyzing agent - 0.5-5, air-dried rice husk containing water up to 17% wt., - the rest. Preferably, the content of green tea in feed flour is 5-10% wt. This feed meal is obtained by mechanochemical treatment of a mixture of a source of chelating agents, a hydrolyzing agent and air-dried rice husk containing water up to 17% by weight, taken in the ratio (75-100) :( 5-20) :( 0.5-5) ), respectively, in the activator mill, which ensures the acceleration of grinding media 80-250 m / s ² and the residence time in the treatment zone of 0.5-2.5 minutes As an activator mill, flow ball vibrocentrifugal, ellipse centrifugal or roller centrifugal mills are used.

Known silicon-containing composition and method for its preparation (Patent RU 2438345, IPC A23K 1/00, A23K 1/16, publ. 01/10/2012).

The silicon-containing composition of rice husk has the following composition, wt.%: Hydrolyzing agent - 0.5-15, air-dried rice husk containing water up to 17 wt.%, The rest. In particular, the composition contains sodium hydroxide as a hydrolyzing agent. Preferably, the content of sodium hydroxide in this composition is 3 wt.%. In particular, the composition contains sodium carbonate as a hydrolyzing agent. Preferably, the sodium carbonate content is 6-15 wt.%. This composition is obtained by mechanochemical activation of a mixture of a hydrolyzing agent and air-dried rice husk containing water up to 17 wt.%, Taken in the ratio (85-100) :( 0.5-15), respectively, in an activator mill, providing grinding acceleration tel 80-250 m / s ² and the residence time in the treatment area of 0.5-2.5 minutes As an activator mill, flow ball vibrocentrifugal, ellipse centrifugal or roller centrifugal mills are used.

These methods are produced in a simple and economical way by mechanochemical processing in an activator mill in a mixture with other components of rice husk.

However, the disadvantage of these methods is that the temperature during mechanochemical processing can rise significantly, since the conditions in the activator mill provide acceleration of grinding media of 80-250 m / s ² and a residence time of 0.5-2.5 minutes in the treatment zone, which leads to the inactivation of enzyme preparations and the oxidation of chelating compounds.

The closest technical solution is an additive from plant materials (Patent RU 2473244, IPC A23L 1/304, A23K 1/14, C05D 9/02, published January 27, 2013), in which the silicon-containing additive is also obtained by mechanochemical activation, however, in it also does not control the temperature of mechanochemical activation, which can also lead to the inactivation of individual components and the oxidation of chelating compounds.

The objective of the proposed solution is the development of new effective additives from available raw materials of plant origin for food and feed purposes, as well as for fertilizers and a method for their production, which ensures the preparation of ground particles with the prevention of inactivation and oxidation of the components of the mixture while increasing the solubility of silicon.

The problem is solved using a silicon-containing additive for food and feed purposes, as well as for fertilizers, including vegetable raw materials and a component selected from the group: soluble sugar and / or baking soda and / or catechin type chelating agent, in an amount of up to 40 wt. %, subjected to mechanochemical activation, more than 80% of the additive after mechanochemical activation at a temperature of no higher than 88 ° C have a particle size of less than 80 microns.

Preferably, as a plant raw material, the additive contains waste from the production of flour, the production of cereals, including rice husk, buckwheat husk, husk of oats, millet, oatmeal.

Preferably, as a catechin type chelating agent, the additive includes willow-leaved tea, green tea, or a mixture thereof.

Preferably, more than 80% of the additive has a particle size of 60 microns or less.

Preferably, the amount of soluble silicon in the additive is from 10 mg / L to 100 mg / L.

The problem is also solved by a method for producing a silicon-containing additive for food and feed purposes, as well as for fertilizers, including mixing vegetable raw materials and a component selected from the group: soluble sugar and / or baking soda and / or a catechin type chelating agent, amount up to 40% wt., mechanochemical activation. The starting components are mixed before being fed to the activator mill or the components are mixed simultaneously with mechanochemical activation in the activator mill, mechanochemical activation is carried out at a temperature of no higher than 88 ° C for a time that ensures grinding of more than 80% of the additive to a particle size of less than 80 microns.

Preferably, the temperature is maintained between 20-88 ° C.

Preferably, to control the temperature in the activator mill, an electronic control unit is used, consisting of a temperature control circuit, an interface circuit for communicating with a personal computer.

Preferably, the sensors monitor the temperature at one or more points inside the activator mill.

Preferably, a rotary vortex mill, a rotary mill, a roller mill are used as an activator mill.

Preferably, external cooling of the activator mill is used.

Preferably, as a plant raw material, the additive contains waste from the production of flour, the production of cereals, including rice husk, buckwheat husk, husk of oats, millet, oatmeal.

Preferably, as a catechin type chelating agent, the additive includes willow-leaved tea, green tea, or a mixture thereof.

Preferably, the additive further comprises citric acid in an amount of up to 1%.

Preferably, more than 80% of the additive has a particle size of 60 microns or less.

Preferably, the amount of soluble silicon in the additive is from 10 mg / L to 100 mg / L.

The proposed silicon-containing additive is obtained on the basis of the original mechanochemical synthesis of compounds including silicon.

The raw material for the additive is plant material, which is used as waste from the production of flour, cereals, including rice husk, buckwheat husk, oat husk, millet, oatmeal. This raw material is a source of biophilic silicon.

The amount of silicon in the feed is different. Most silicon is contained in the husk of rice - 91.71%, in the husk of oats - 69.8%, a smaller amount of silicon is contained in the husk of buckwheat - 4.01% (Chemistry of Plant Raw Materials. 2009, No. 1, p. 149. L .A. Zemnukhova et al.).

As components, the additive includes a catechin type chelating agent and / or soluble sugar and / or baking soda. It is possible to add citric acid. It helps prevent inactivation of the additive and is a preservative.

The source of the chelating agent is preferably the processed products of green tea, willow tea narrow-leaved.

A feature of the mechanochemical method for producing the proposed silicon-containing additive is that its active components are formed directly in a solid in activator mills providing natural shock and shear, and the reaction is carried out at temperatures below 88 ° C, bypassing the stage of dissolution of the reactants.

Plant materials can be subjected to additional grinding before being introduced into the activator mill, and loaded into the activator mill together with other components of the additive.

As a result of the developed industrial production technology, low-flowing powder is formed.

Preferably, the temperature is maintained between 20-88 ° C., especially for formulations with a high green tea content.

Preferably, the rotor-vortex mill “RPM Flator” manufactured in St. Petersburg and M-10P, the rotor mill, and the MP roller mill are used as an activator mill.

To maintain the required temperature in the activator mill, any devices and methods used for these purposes and known from the prior art can be used.

For example, the activator mill may further include an electronic control unit with an interface circuit for communicating with a personal computer.

It is possible to install sensors to control the temperature in the mill-activator using external cooling of the activator, for example, cold water, liquid nitrogen.

Mechanochemical activation is carried out over a period of time ensuring the required particle size of the additive.

More than 80% of the obtained additive have a particle size of less than 80 microns, the additive has a minimum number of fractions, which contributes to an increase in the solubility of silicon and an increase in the efficiency of the additives when used.

Our proposed method for producing silicon-containing additives does not allow the inactivation of its components and the oxidation of catechins, since the mechanochemical activation is carried out at a temperature not exceeding 88 ° C. Moreover, the components of the additive and catechins retain their biologically active properties. They regulate the permeability of the smallest blood vessels, increase the elasticity of their walls, promote a more active use of ascorbic acid by the body, while the P - vitamin activity of vitamins is preserved.

The following are methods for producing additives.

Example 1

Rice husk was used as plant material. Air-dry raw materials were mixed with 10% green tea, 5% baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and fed into the Rotor rotary-vortex mill Flator. In the mill, the mixture was processed for 3 minutes. The temperature is maintained between 20-70 ° C by external cooling of the mill using chilled water. Particle size less than 60 microns is 83%.

The resulting powder was used as a feed additive.

Example 2

Rice husk was mixed with 20 wt.% Edible sugar and 10 wt.% Green tea. Mechanochemical treatment was carried out in an activator mill IM 20 AP for 3 minutes. The temperature is maintained between 80-81 ° C. Particle size less than 50 microns is 85%.

The resulting powder was used as a food additive.

Example 3

Rice husk was mixed with 1 wt.% Green tea and processed in a 10 P rotary mill, treatment was carried out with stainless steel balls for 1-3 minutes. The temperature is maintained in the range of 50-51 ° C. Particle size less than 80 microns is 84%.

The resulting powder was used as a biostimulator of plant growth and fertilizers.

Example 4

Similar to example 1, they only use waste products from the production of buckwheat and add 2 wt.% Diatomic phenol (orthodoxybenzene) as catechol. The temperature is maintained in the range of 10-12 ° C. Particle size less than 80 microns is 86%.

The resulting powder was used as fertilizer.

Example 5

Similar to example 2, only buckwheat is used as plant material, Ivan tea is used as a chelating compound of the catechin type, the temperature is maintained in the range of 70-80 ° C. Particle size less than 80 microns is 85%.

The resulting powder was used as a food additive.

Example 6

Similar to example 3, only as vegetable raw materials use the husk of oats. The temperature is maintained between 20-70 ° C.

The resulting powder was used as fertilizer.

Table 1 shows the performance of additives.

Table 1 Additive Performance Indicators Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Regulatory documents and test methods Appearance, color, smell Bulk, odorless Bulk, odorless Bulk, odorless Bulk, odorless Brown mass, odorless Light brown, odorless Moisture 10.1 11.2 8.0 11.2 10.0 11.1 GOST 13496.3 GOST R 50817 Mass fraction of silicon in terms of dioxide, not less than% 16,2 16.1 16.3 16,2 2.2 14.2 Specialist. methodology Mass fraction of water-soluble silicon chelate, mg / l one hundred 92 70 75 60 90 Specialist. methodology Mass fraction of protein, not less than% 5.8 5.9 6.2 5.8 6.0 5.9 GOST R 5081 7.51417 Mass fraction of fiber,%, no more 7.9 7.5 7.8 7.6 7.5 7.7 GOST R 52839

I. The additive according to Example 1, obtained by the proposed method, was tested in a poultry farm.

The experiment on chickens of broilers of the cross Hubbart F 15 was carried out in the conditions of the poultry farm of JSC Allel-Agro, Republic of Kazakhstan. For research on the basis of analogues, we selected two groups of daily broilers with 200 goals each. The first group was the control and received a standard diet. In addition to the main feed, similar in nutritional value to the control, 1.5 kg of the additive prepared according to the proposed solution per 1 ton of feed was added to the diet of the second group. As a result, 5 to 25 mg of biophilic silicon per head was knocked daily into the body throughout the growing period. At the same time, the proportion of its concentration, due to the introduction of the additive, in all compound feed recipes, starting with pre-launch, was 23.4 mg per 100 g of feed mixture and did not change throughout the entire growing period.

All other conditions of feeding and keeping the poultry between the groups were similar and corresponded to generally accepted standards typical for the outdoor keeping of poultry meat.

In the experiment, we studied the indicators of growth and development of poultry, feed consumption. On the day of slaughter (at the age of 42 days), from each group, 10 goals of medium-weight individuals characterizing the entire group were selected, their detailed anatomical cutting was performed.

Table 2 presents the indicators of bird productivity obtained in this experiment.

table 2 Poultry productivity in scientific and economic experience, M ± m Indicators Group 1 Control (main diet) 2 Experienced (main diet +1.5 kg of the additive according to example 1 per 1 ton of feed) 1. The live weight of one head at the beginning of research, g 38.2 ± 1.99 38.7 ± 2.23 2. Live weight at the time of slaughter (32 days), g 1487 ± 31.2 1965 ± 27.5 3. The average daily weight gain, g 46.49 ± 4.99 61.41 ± 6.14 Feed consumed per period, kg 3.75 3.49 Feed consumption, kg, per 1 kg of weight gain 1.74 1.70 % To control one hundred 94.3 The safety of livestock,% 93.5 96.0 Growing efficiency indicator 231 248 % To control one hundred 124.63

Studies have found that the additive prepared according to the proposed solution did not cause a relative increase in poultry growth energy throughout the experiment (Table 2).

At the same time (Table 2), the poultry of the experimental group consumed feed significantly more economically, which led to a decrease in their costs per unit of increase from 1, 92 to 1.81 kg or 5.7%. In addition, the experimental bird markedly decreased livestock withdrawal, which led to an increase in its safety by 2.5%.

As a result, the indicator of the efficiency of growing experimental birds increased from 231 to 248 units. and ahead of control by 7.8%.

However, the main advantage of the supplement is that the use of the additive has a positive effect on the rapid development of internal organs, especially hematopoietic and immunocompetent organs, as well as a significant reduction in the growing time. This was expressed in a significant increase in the mass of the spleen and especially the factory bag, the mass of which in the experimental bird was more than double the control.

The results of the anatomical cutting of broiler chickens showed even more significant differences between the birds of the control and experimental groups (Table 3).

Table 3 Indicators of anatomical cutting of carcasses in scientific and economic experience, M ± m Indicators Group Difference with control one
Control (OR) 2
Experienced (OR + 1.5 kg of NaBiKata per 1 ton of feed) ± g % Tracheal mass, g 0.64 0.69 +0.05 +7.8 Lung mass, g 4.8 6.3 +1.5 +31.3 Heart mass, g 7.7 8.9 +1.2 +15.6 The mass of the liver, g 43,2 50,2 +7.0 +16.7 The mass of the muscular stomach, g 31.5 41.1 +9.6 +30.5 The mass of the cuticle of the stomach, g 3.8 4.8 +3.1 +26.3 The mass of the kidneys, g 5.99 6.46 +0.47 +7.9 Mass of the spleen, g 1,0 2.9 +1.0 +190.0 Factory Bag Weight 0.8 1.8 +1.0 +225.0 The mass of the duodenum, g 0.55 0.7 +0.15 +27.3 The mass of the rectum, g 0.56 0.89 +0.33 +58.9 The thickness of the skin on the feet (on the pads) of the paws, mm 0.39 0.46 +0.07 +! 7.9 Shin skin thickness (scaly layer), mm 1.33 1.45 +0.13 +9.8 Thickness of the skin above the pectoral muscle 0.4 0.28 -0.12 -30.0 The thickness of the abdominal septum, mm 1.16 1,03 -0.13 -11.2 The thickness of the flat part of the femur, mm 1.05 1,58 0.53 +50.5

From table 3 it is seen that the weight of almost all internal organs has significantly increased in the experimental bird. Moreover, the difference in the mass of the lungs and stomach exceeded between experiment and control 30%.

The thickness of the skin above the pectoral muscle and the thickness of the abdominal septum decreased, which indicates a decrease in the amount of fat and an increase in the quality of poultry meat.

Undoubtedly, the established effect was the result of the action of the proposed additive - “nanobiological catalyst”, which helps to accelerate the growth of internal organs and equalize their development with the rate of accumulation of muscle and bone tissue in chickens. It is clear that a larger heart mass provides better blood pumping, an increase in lung mass within the physiological norm without signs of organ pathology indirectly, but it still indicates an improvement in gas exchange in the body. The liver and kidneys against the background of the indicated changes in their mass could better cope with the excretory function.

The additive in the used dose caused an improvement in the development of digestive organs, which resulted in an increase in the mass of the stomach, its glandular layer, the mass of the small and large intestines and their length.

The integrating role of the communication element on the part of chelated silicon was manifested not only in accelerating the development of all the main internal organs of the bird. Against the background of the use of the additive, the condition of the musculoskeletal system of the bird improved markedly, which was manifested in the compaction of the paw pads and increase in the density and thickness of the femur. Such changes are the key to the prevention of pododermatitis, chondrodystrophy, chickens falling on their feet. In any case, the frequency of such physiological deviations in the bird of the experimental group against the background of control was practically reduced to zero. The incidence of dropsy and the manifestation of the syndrome of sudden death of broilers significantly decreased, and 100% immunity to the Newcastle disease virus appeared.

Observations noted a significant change in the organoleptic characteristics of the internal organs in the experimental bird against the background of control. This was expressed in the compaction of the tissues of the liver, kidneys, spleen, excellent turgor of these organs and the preservation of their normal uniform color until the slaughter of the bird. The articular surface of the femur in all individuals receiving the proposed supplement according to the invention turned out to be smooth, shiny, without visible damage.

Silicon chelate, which was introduced into the poultry body as an additive, fulfilled its function as a communication element and significantly increased the rate of formation of internal organs to the rate of accumulation of nutrients in the muscles. Indirectly, this is confirmed by the dynamics of changes in the mass of internal organs in birds of the compared groups.

Against the background of the use of the proposed additive, including chelated silicon, there is a significant change in the rate of formation of parenchymal, hematopoietic and immunocompetent organs in the bird's body.

Under the influence of biophilic silicon introduced into the diet of the bird, the growth and development of the internal organs, bone and muscles of the bird is equalized, which minimizes the manifestation of all known production syndromes: dropsy, chondrodystrophy, pododermatitis, and sudden death syndrome of poultry.

As a result of the normal intake of biophilic silicon in the body, the bird uses feed more economically per unit of growth, its growth rate increases (by 24.63%), its habit is significantly improved, and the state of internal organs becomes ideal from the point of view of normal livestock health. Such changes significantly improved the commercial quality of broiler meat and the taste characteristics of meat according to the results of a tasting assessment.

We conducted comparative studies of the additive with the composition according to example 6, which was prepared at a temperature of 20-70 ° C.

A similar additive composition was obtained at a preparation temperature for comparison in the range of 110-120 ° C. The nutritional properties of the supplement have improved. However, such an additive had a lower preservation of the poultry stock (94.3%) compared with the additives according to the invention: the preservation according to example 1 - 96%, according to example 6 - 95.9%. This is because at a high temperature of 110-120 ° C, the inactivation of the additive occurs.

The tested additive in the studied dose should be considered as a factor in the delivery to the body of an ultramicroelement of communication - silicon, accelerating the metabolism, contributing to the preservation of health and leading to an increase in the quality of poultry meat products.

II. Tests of the proposed additives according to examples 2, 5 as a food additive

The nutritional supplements in examples 2, 5 were used by two groups of individuals, often suffering from SARS and having a weakened immune system and chronic diseases. One group of people took the supplement as in example 2, the other as in example 5.

In both groups of people who took a dietary supplement for 30 days 3 times a teaspoon before meals, a strengthening of the body's immune system was observed.

After taking the food supplement for the next 8 months, no one got sick with viral and catarrhal diseases, in addition, no exacerbation of chronic diseases was also observed for 8 months in both groups of people.

The tests showed that the food supplement obtained by the proposed method strengthens the body's immune system. Silicon contained in the food supplement promotes the active synthesis of the molecule, providing energy to all biochemical processes in the cells (ATP). Thanks to this, lost or weakened immunity is restored, the person’s recovery is accelerated, and the overall incidence rate is reduced. The proposed action has the same effect on animals and poultry.

Catechins of green tea, as well as vitamin C, zinc and manganese contained in it, play a very important role in immunological reactions. They are the most important means of maintaining the energy tone of the body, ensure a normal metabolism, increase the stamina of the body (due to strong antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties), increase the time of resistance to stress.

Green tea, as an effective prophylactic, has the ability to suppress putrefactive processes in the intestines, neutralize toxins, destroy pathogenic bacteria, while stimulating the growth of beneficial ones. With the ability to adsorb substances harmful to the human body, it perfectly cleanses the stomach, kidneys and liver, and the action of tea tannins prevents the development of atony (weakening tone) of the digestive tract.

The additive has a high sorption ability against dyes, heavy metals, radionuclides and other harmful substances and removes them from the body.

III. Tests of additives according to example 3, 4, 6 as a biostimulator of plant growth, as fertilizers

Field experiments on solonetzes (chickpeas in agro).

A study was made of the biological activity of the additive of Example 3 on complex solonetzic soils with a predominance of small and medium-sized medium-sodium solonetzes of soda-sulfate salinity, of heavy mechanical composition. Legume was used as a test object. Before sowing, seeds were inlaid with the preparation in doses of 1 and 10 g / kg.

Field studies have shown that a dose of 10 g / kg supplemented the seed productivity of chickpeas by 24%. At the same time, the height of plants in the experimental variants was significantly lower, and the height of the onset of branching was greater due to growth stimulation in the early stages. Plants from inlaid seeds exceeded control in the main elements of the seed productivity of chickpeas: branching, the number of beans and seeds.

The analysis of the chemical composition of chickpea seeds showed that the use of the additive increases the protein content in the experimental variants by 10% compared to the control, but at the same time reduces the fat content (Table 4).

Thus, the proposed additive improved the quality of chickpea grain as a high-protein crop. The increased content of fiber and minerals indicates that the use of the additive accelerates seed maturation.

Accelerating the growth and maturation of crops is a particularly valuable property of the growth regulator for Siberian conditions with a short growing season.

Table 4 The effect of the additive on the chemical composition of chickpea grain (% in abs. Dry. In-ve) Experience option Crude protein Crude fat Crude fiber Crude ash The control 16,2 6.8 7.2 2,3 1 g / kg 17.9 6.2 8.3 2.7 10 g / kg 17.8 6.1 8.0 2.7

The proposed additive is effective for the regulation of plant morphogenesis in biotechnology. Inlaid seed with the additive leads to increased productivity of agricultural plants. The use of the additive provides a significant increase in the yield of various crops in adverse growing conditions, including on solonetzic soils.

Field experiments on leached chernozem (pane and chickpeas in agro).

In field experiments, chickpeas and spring rape were tested. The additives of examples 4, 6 were applied to the soil when sowing in doses of 1 and 10 kg / ha. For this, a sample of the additive was mixed with a certain amount of dry soil and evenly distributed along a row with spread seeds, after which it was covered with a layer of soil and rolled.

In the experiment with spring rape, the seed yield under the action of the additive of Example 4 at a dose of 1 kg / ha increased by 35%, which indicates increased field germination and plant survival in this variant of the experiment. With a dose of 10 kg / ha, the average seed weight per 1 plant increased by 18.5%.

Thus, the stimulating effect of the additive on rape fertility is versatile and dose-dependent.

In the experiment with chickpeas, the yield of beans under the action of the additive of Example 6 increased by 26%.

The technical result is to obtain new effective silicon-containing additives for food and feed purposes, as well as for fertilizers, and to develop a method for producing additives from plant materials, which provides crushed particles with a minimum number of fractions and prevents the inactivation and oxidation of the mixture components while increasing the solubility of silicon.

Claims (16)

1. Silicon-containing additive for food and feed purposes, as well as for fertilizers, including vegetable raw materials and a component selected from the group: soluble sugar and / or baking soda, and / or catechin type chelating agent, in an amount of up to 40 wt.%, subjected to mechanochemical activation, characterized in that more than 80% of the additive after mechanochemical activation at a temperature of no higher than 88 ° C have a particle size of less than 80 microns. 2. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant raw material contains waste from the production of flour, cereals, including rice husk, buckwheat husk, oat husk, millet, oatmeal. 3. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that as the chelating substance of the catechin type includes willow-leaved tea, green tea, or a mixture thereof. 4. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that more than 80% of the additive have a particle size of 60 μm or less. 5. The additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the amount of soluble silicon in the additive is from 10 mg / L to 100 mg / L. 6. A method of obtaining a silicon-containing additive for food and feed purposes, as well as for fertilizers, comprising mixing plant materials and a component selected from the group: soluble sugar and / or baking soda and / or catechin type chelating agent in an amount of up to 40% wt., mechanochemical activation, characterized in that the starting components are mixed before being fed to the activator mill or the components are mixed simultaneously with mechanochemical activation in the activator mill, mechanochemical activation is carried out at ture not higher than 88 ° C for a time that ensures more than 80% grinding additives to a particle size less than 80 microns. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the temperature is maintained in the range of 20-88 ° C. 8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that for controlling the temperature in the mill, the activator uses an electronic control unit, consisting of a temperature control circuit, an interface circuit for communicating with a personal computer. 9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the sensors control the temperature at one or more points inside the activator mill. 10. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that a rotor-vortex mill, a rotor mill, a roller mill are used as an activator mill. 11. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the external cooling of the activator mill is used. 12. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, as a plant raw material, the additive contains waste from flour production, cereal production, including rice husk, buckwheat husk, oat husk, millet, oatmeal. 13. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that as a chelating substance of the catechin type, the additive includes willow-leaved tea, green tea, or a mixture thereof. 14. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the additive further comprises citric acid in an amount up to 1%. 15. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that more than 80% of the additives have a particle size of 60 microns or less. 16. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the amount of soluble silicon in the additive is from 10 mg / l to 100 mg / l.