RU2630281C2 - Additive of vegetal raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for use as plant growth biostimulator and fertilizer as fodder additive intended for consumption by animals, as well as food additive intended for consumption by humans. Silicon-containing additive includes vegetal raw material and additional component, subjected to mechanochemical activation. Additive contains rice husks as vegetal raw material and additional component selected from: soluble sugar, and/or baking soda, and/or catechin-type chelating agent in amount of up to 40 wt%, and size of additive particles is less than 100 nm.

EFFECT: invention provides production of environmentally friendly products, not contaminated with toxins.

7 cl, 4 tbl, 4 ex

Description

The invention is intended for use in agriculture: for the preparation of feed additives, for the preparation of biostimulants of plant growth, as well as for the preparation of food additives intended for human consumption.

There are a large number of silicon-containing products used for the preparation of feed additives, food additives, fertilizers.

Known feed mineral additive for poultry, intended for use in agriculture in the production of feed with mineral components for poultry. As a feed additive for poultry, apomergel hypergenic siliceous metasomatite, a carbonate-silicate rock, is used. Calcium carbonate present in this rock is easily absorbed by the birds, and zeolite, amorphous silicon and bentonite help to remove toxic substances from the body of the bird in the form of nitrate ions, lead and cadmium (RF Patent 2129806, IPC ⁶ A23K 1/175, publ. 10.05. 1999).

The disadvantage of this additive is that the silicon in it is in an insoluble form, which complicates its use.

Amorphous silicon dioxide from rice husks is known (RF Patent 2061656, IPC ⁶ С01В 33/12, publ. 06/10/1996).

Rice husk is washed with water and / or a solution of mineral acid, then carbonized in air at 120-500 ° C, after which the resulting ash is crushed and subjected to oxidative roasting in a fluidized bed at 500-800 ° C. Amorphous silicon dioxide is obtained with a specific surface area of up to 370 m ² / g and a basic substance content of up to 99.99%.

The disadvantage is the difficult way to obtain water-soluble silicates from rice husks.

A known method of preparing rice husks to obtain high-purity silicon dioxide (RF Patent 2191158, IPC ⁷ СВВ 33/12, publ. 20.10.2002).

A method of preparing rice husk to obtain high-purity silicon dioxide includes screening, washing in cold and hot water, washing in an acid solution, collecting and removing floating particles of rice husk, crimping them at a pressure of 0.01-10 MPa. Rinsing with hot water is carried out in an autoclave at a temperature of at least 100 ° C and a pressure of at least 0.101 MPa, washing in an acid solution is carried out at a boiling point or in an autoclave at a temperature of at least 100 ° C and a pressure of at least 0.101 MPa.

The disadvantage of this method of producing silicon dioxide is its multi-stage and high energy costs.

A known method of producing water-soluble silicates from ash of rice husk (RF Patent 2106304, IPC ⁶ С01В 33/32, publ. 03/10/1998).

Water-soluble silicates are obtained by the interaction of rice husk ash containing 50-99% amorphous silicon dioxide and alkali at a temperature of 90-250 ° C. The process is carried out in a continuous mode in a once-through reactor with a supply of initial reagents taken in a certain ratio, with the original the reagents are introduced into the reactor in separate streams or pre-mixing them before entering the reactor.

The disadvantage of this method is the presence of wastewater upon receipt of water-soluble silicates.

A known method of producing a hydrolyzate from husks of rice and other cereals (RF Patent 2262242, IPC ⁷ A23J 1/12, publ. 20.10.2005).

A method of obtaining a hydrolyzate provides for the hydrolysis of raw materials with hydrochloric acid, followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide. Then the product is homogenized and hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide at a temperature of 100-120 ° C for 2-4 hours at a concentration of 2-10%. Then the product is neutralized with aqueous acid. The volume ratio of raw materials to chemical reagents is 1: 4-1: 6. After neutralization, the product is divided into two fractions (soluble and used for food) and dried.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, which makes the method less environmentally friendly.

The closest technical solution is a growth-promoting feed additive from plant materials, which includes a mixture of plant materials, preferably cereal waste containing biologically active penta- and tetracyclic alcohols (phytosterols), and soluble sugar subjected to mechanochemical activation in the following ratio of components, wt.%: vegetable raw materials 60.0-90.0, soluble sugar 10.0-40.0 (RF Patent 2179400, IPC ⁷ A23K 1/16, A61K 35/78, publ. 02.20.2002).

The disadvantage of the feed additive is that it contains a small amount of silicon, which is a valuable component necessary for the normal growth and development of animals, humans, and a necessary component for plant growth biostimulants.

The objective of the invention is to develop new additives from available plant-based raw materials containing silicon, using simple environmental technology without wastewater at the lowest cost, which have increased solubility and are used effectively as feed additives for animals, as biostimulants of plant growth, as fertilizers, as food additives for a person.

The problem is solved using a silicon-containing additive for food and feed purposes, as well as for fertilizers, including plant materials and an additional component subjected to mechanochemical activation, while the additive from plant materials contains rice husk and includes an additional component selected from the group: soluble sugar, and / or baking soda, and / or a chelating substance of the catechin type, in an amount up to 40% of the mass.

Preferably, the additive particles have a size of less than 100 nm.

Preferably, the additive is in the form of granules, a powder with a given particle size.

Preferably, the additive is suitable for use as a biostimulator of plant growth, fertilizers.

Preferably, the additive includes green tea as a catechin type chelating agent and is suitable for use as a feed additive intended for animal consumption. The additive preferably has the following ratio of starting components, wt.%:

Green tea  0.1-20 Soluble sugar and / or baking soda  0,1-10 Rice husk  rest

Preferably, the additive comprises green tea as a catechin type chelating agent and is suitable for use as a food supplement intended for human consumption. The additive preferably has the following ratio of starting components, wt.%:

Green tea  0.1-20 Soluble sugar and / or baking soda  0,1-10 Rice husk  rest

As a result of many years of research, a review of which is given in the monographs of academician M.G. Voronkov, silicon is assigned to the group of elements necessary for the normal growth and development of animals and humans. The average daily dose for humans is 25.0 + 19.4 mg SiO ₂ . Silicon promotes collagen biosynthesis, bone calcification, participates in phosphorus metabolism and lipid metabolism, is a part of blood vessel elastin, giving them elasticity, regulates their permeability [Voronkov MG Kuznetsov I.G. Silicon in wildlife. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1984. 157 p., Kolesnikov M.P. Forms of silicon in plants // Successes in biological chemistry. 2001. No. 41. S.301-332.].

The present solution proposes to use silicon-rich rice husk as a source of silicon.

We have developed silicon-containing additives made from rice husk with soluble sugar and / or pyrocatechol (a catechin type chelating agent) and / or baking soda using mechanochemical technology.

From the search for patent and scientific and technical information, the proposed silicon-containing additive is unknown and the obtained technical result is unknown.

Organic derivatives of silica and orthosilicic acid have the highest biological effectiveness.

Silicon forms chelate compounds with oxygen- and nitrogen-containing organic compounds in which the silicon atom is coordinated by six polar atoms. Aromatic compounds containing hydroxyl groups in the ortho position meet these requirements. Pyrocatechol has such a structure, in which hydroxyl groups are in the plane of the ring.

Preferably, green tea is used as the source of the catechin type chelating agent in the additive.

Usually, methods based on the interaction of reagents in aqueous solutions of bases with prolonged heating are used to obtain chelate complexes of silicon with polyphenols. Polyphenols in the liquid phase are easily oxidized and polymerized, therefore, the search for synthesis methods devoid of adverse reactions is relevant. In the proposed solution, the synthesis of the additive is carried out using mechanochemical activation of the components of the additive. During solid-phase mechanochemical synthesis, the reagents and products are in a stable solid form, which helps to prevent oxidation and loss of the main biologically active components.

As a result of the mechanochemical activation of the components, the proposed plant-based supplement contains soluble silica and, for example, green tea catechins.

The mechanochemical reactions between amorphous silicon dioxide of various origins, including silica of rice husks, and polyphenolic compounds have been experimentally studied. As a result of mechanochemical activation, access of solutions to amorphous silica of rice husks is ensured. A special advantage of the technology using mechanochemical activation is the formation of soluble monomolecular chelated forms of silicon.

New additives, compared with the known ones containing synthetic amorphous silica, dissolve faster and provide a high concentration of monomeric forms of silicon dioxide in the solution at a level of 100-110 μg / ml, which is 7-9 times higher than the concentration provided by preparations based on synthetic amorphous silica.

The proposed solution has developed additives containing amorphous silica, water-soluble forms of silicon.

The additives used as chelating compounds are preferably natural compounds - catechins containing hydroxyl groups in the ortho position. One of the main sources of such compounds with antioxidant activity is green tea. In green tea, there can be 4-12 different types of catechins, namely catechin (C), epicatechin (EU), gallocatechin (GC), epigallocatechin (EGC), catechin gallate (CG), epicatechin gallate (ECg), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), gallocatechin gallate (Gcg). Their concentration reaches 10 mg per gram of dry tea,

Since the composition of the additive preferably includes catechins of green tea, the drug has antioxidant and adaptogenic effects, can be used to increase the effectiveness of drugs traditionally used in poultry, livestock, or reduce their doses, and can also be used as a dietary supplement for human consumption to strengthen the immune system, prevent osteoporosis due to increased bone mineral density.

Physicochemical studies show that during storage of the obtained additives, there is no significant change in their properties, while the known preparations based on amorphous synthetic silica are unstable.

From a practical point of view, the mechanical activation method, as one of the options for “dry” technologies and used in the preparation of the proposed additives, has a number of environmental and economic advantages [O. Lomovsky, V. Boldyrev Mechanochemistry in solving environmental problems, SPSL SB RAS; Novosibirsk, 2006. 221 p.].

Solid-phase mechanochemical interaction of biogenic amorphous silica and green tea polyphenols in order to obtain preparations containing bioavailable silicon and antioxidants is a promising method for processing tea production waste and rice husk into popular preparations. The use of baking soda, soluble sugar in the proposed additive also helps to increase the release of bioavailable silicon from rice husks.

The additive is a fine powder with a given particle size, suitable for granulation, processing presowing material by encrustation, direct application to the soil. The components of the additive are subjected to mechanochemical activation separately or together.

Information about the effectiveness of the obtained additives, as well as specific examples of its preparation are given below.

Example 1

Rice husk was used as plant material. Air-dry raw materials were mixed with 10 wt.% Baking sugar, 10% green tea, 1% baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and fed into a mechanochemical reactor. A vibrocentrifugal mill-activator VCM with stainless steel balls was used as a mechanochemical reactor (Novosibirsk, developed by the Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS). In a vibrocentrifugal mill, the mixture was processed for 1-2 minutes to a particle size of less than 100 Nm. The resulting powder was used as a feed additive.

Example 2

Rice husk was mixed with 20 wt.% Edible sugar and 10 wt.% Green tea. Mechanochemical processing was carried out in a planetary mill of the type VCM (Novosibirsk, developed by the Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS) for 1-3 minutes. The resulting powder was used as a food additive.

Example 3

Rice husk was interfered with 1 wt.% Green tea and processed in a VCM mechanochemical reactor; the treatment was carried out with stainless steel balls for 1-3 minutes. The resulting powder was used as a biostimulator of plant growth in fertilizers.

Example 4

Similar to example 3, only additionally contains 2 wt.% Diatomic phenol (orthodoxybenzene) as pyrocatechol.

The following are tests of the proposed supplement.

I. Tests of the proposed additives according to example 1 as a feed additive:

When feeding poultry, the additive helps to achieve uniformity of weight in the herd and, accordingly, stable high production rates. This is achieved due to the fact that the component components of the supplement increase the intensity of the development of bone and muscles, while protecting bone tissue from destruction. This forms the same skeletal size of the bird.

When pigs are fed, the supplement provides the conditions necessary for an intensive increase in the body weight of the animal (by 10-15 kg) in a short time. Intensive weight gain is possible provided that a strong skeletal system is formed, stable growth and development of the skeleton and musculoskeletal system.

Studies were conducted at the following sites:

- quail: Tribal quail farm GNU SibNIPTIZH RAAS;

- piglets: Breeding plant of OJSC "Borovskoye" (experimental base of the State Scientific Institution SibNIPTIZH RAAS);

- geese: Private goose farm in the village of Burmistrovo, Iskitim district, Novosibirsk region.

Use of the additive is made at the following dosage:

bird 0.6-0.8 kg / t piglets (up to 6 months) 1% of the diet in terms of dry matter fattening pigs, calves daily 10-15 mg per 1 kg of live weight

The research results showed that feeding compound feeds with a feed additive contributed to improving the health of animals and poultry, 100% preservation to weaned suckling pigs, and a 4% increase in the preservation of quail. In addition, hematological studies on geese showed that the feed mixture had a beneficial effect on the mineral metabolism.

When a feed additive was added to the feed ration of suckling piglets under commodity farms, a complete absence of diarrhea was recorded during the reporting period. In turn, the samples of the average sample of muscle tissue and liver of the experimental group of geese did not have obvious changes, which confirms the safety of feeding the feed mixture.

With the addition of a feed additive, feed consumption for live weight gain was reduced.

Silicon contained in the feed additive is a kind of catalyst for the assimilation of 74 chemical elements (calcium, magnesium, fluorine, sodium, sulfur, aluminum, iodine, phosphorus, zinc, iron, etc.), the formation of individual enzymes, amino acids, hormones. The catechins of green tea are also a catalyst. They also increase the level of metabolism (metabolic processes) and facilitate the digestion process,

The study revealed that in the liver of the control group of geese, almost all of the studied elements were contained in large quantities. This is due to the fact that the nutrients entering the feed were absorbed worse in the intestines and were transported to the liver by blood flow. In turn, the proposed supplement significantly improved the use of feed nutrients, reducing their content in the liver.

Thus, the supplement allows the body to absorb the necessary macro- and microelements from water and feed as efficiently as possible. By not replacing the feed, the feed mixture at the same time helps the animals and the bird to withstand the inferiority of the feed or its deficiency for a rather long time, slowing down the loss of mass and delaying the onset of the depletion phase.

In the cost of producing livestock and poultry products, the cost of feed is about 60-80%. By increasing the digestibility of the necessary chemical elements, a general reduction in feed consumption and eliminating the need for additional stimulants, very significant economies of scale can be achieved on an industrial scale.

In industrial poultry and livestock farming, there are a lot of stressful situations that are prerequisites for weakening the immunity of animals and birds: hypothermia or overheating, sudden changes in temperature and pressure, drafts, inferiority or lack of feed, poor conditions, high infectious background, veterinary measures, etc.

When using the proposed additives in the feeding of poultry and animals, the intensity of reactions occurring in the body increases, the defenses and immune status of young animals improve, and the safety and productivity of animals and birds increase. All this ultimately leads to lower costs per unit of production and an increase in its volume and quality.

II. Tests of the proposed additives according to example 2 as a food additive:

The use of the dietary supplement of Example 2 by a group of people who are often sick with SARS and who have a weakened immune system.

In the experimental group of people who took a dietary supplement for 30 days 3 times a teaspoon before eating, we observed a strengthening of the body's immune system. After taking the food supplement for the next 6 months, no one got sick with viral and catarrhal diseases.

It can be concluded that a dietary supplement strengthens the body's immune system. Silicon contained in the feed additive contributes to the active synthesis of the molecule, providing energy to all biochemical processes in the cells (ATP). Due to this, lost or weakened immunity is restored, the recovery of humans, animals and birds is accelerated, and the overall incidence rate is reduced.

Catechins of green tea, as well as vitamin C, zinc and manganese contained in it, play a very important role in immunological reactions. They are the most important means of maintaining the energy tone of the body, ensure a normal metabolism, increase the stamina of the body (due to strong antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties), increase the time of resistance to stress.

Green tea, as an effective prophylactic, has the ability to suppress putrefactive processes in the intestines, neutralize toxins, destroy pathogenic bacteria, while stimulating the growth of beneficial ones. With the ability to adsorb substances harmful to the human body, it perfectly cleanses the stomach, kidneys and liver, and the action of tea tannins prevents the development of atony (weakening tone) of the digestive tract. The additive has a high sorption ability against dyes, heavy metals, radionuclides and other harmful substances and removes them from the body.

III. Tests of additives according to example 3, 4 as a biostimulator of plant growth, as fertilizers:

I. Previous in vitro breeding experiments, alfalfa, nougat

In the test system of the stem nodes of rapeseed in vitro, the addition of the additive of Example 3 to the nutrient medium at a concentration of 1 and especially 10 mg / L contributed to the activation of rhizogenesis of the growth of roots, shoots and leaves (Table 1).

In an in vitro alfalfa stem node test system, an additive added to the nutrient medium at a dose of 10 mg / l stimulated the growth of shoots, roots, and leaf development, while reducing the frequency of rhizogenesis by a third.

Table 1 The effectiveness of the growth regulator additives in laboratory experiments Test system, functions ±% relative to control 1 mg / l 10 mg / l In vitro rapeseed stems Shoot formation frequency 0 0 The number of shoots per 1 kidney +10 0 Shoot height +127 +193 Number of leaves +53 +45 Number of roots +133 +207 Root length +54 +16 Rhizogenesis Frequency +67 +100 In vitro Alfalfa Stem Knots Shoot formation frequency 0 0 The number of shoots per 1 kidney 0 0 Shoot height 0 +10 Number of leaves -6 +21 Number of roots +5 +11 Root length -25 +175 Rhizogenesis Frequency -27 -33 Sprouts of wheat Novosibirsk 15 Shoot height +22 +11 Root length +16 +7 Mass of seedlings +19 +16 Wheat germlings Good luck from seeds affected by rotten root Germination 0 +4 Chickpea seedlings Krasnokutsky 123 from seeds affected by a fungal infection * Shoot height -10 +6 Root length -10 +48 Mass of seedlings +10 +21 Germination +77 +21 Note: * - the preparation is applied to seeds by inlaying at doses of 1 and 10 mg / g

In experiments conducted to study the possibility of replacing expensive synthetic BAP cytokinin with products including rice husk, isolated tissues (explants) of immature chickpea seeds were placed on Gamborg B5 growth media with growth regulators (Table 2). For 3 weeks of cultivation, the additive of example 3 showed high cytokinin activity and exceeded the action of the synthetic phytohormone BAP in the control variant, increasing the regeneration rate by 4%, rhizogenesis by 25% and increasing the growth rate of shoots, leaves and roots. At the same time, the frequency of callus formation halved.

The experimental results indicate the stimulating effect of the products of mechanically activated additives using rice husk on the growth of isolated tissues in vitro and the possibility of their use in biotechnology as regulators of morphogenesis.

table 2 The effect of the additive on morphogenesis in tissue culture of immature chickpea seeds (incubation period 3 weeks) Test functions Culture medium B5 + BAP 0.5 mg / l (control) B5 + Additive 1 mg / L The frequency of shoot formation,% 25.0 29.2 Shoot height, cm 1,6 3.8 * The number of leaves on the shoot 0.8 1.1 * The frequency of rhizogenesis,% 4.2 29.2 * The number of roots per 1 rhizogenic explant 1,0 1.9 * Root length, cm 1.8 4.0 * The frequency of callusogenesis,% 16.7 8.3 * * - the difference with the control is significant at the 5% level

2. In vivo seed germination experiments (wheat, chickpeas)

In each experiment, 60-80 seeds were germinated, inlaid in doses of 1 and 10 mg / g in accordance with the additive developed by us before laying experiments. Untreated seeds served as control.

In the test system of soft wheat seedlings, the Novosibirsk 15 supplement of Example 3 stimulated the growth of shoots and roots at a dose of 1 mg / g. The germination of wheat seeds of the variety Udacha, affected by root rot, increased by 4% under the action of the additive at a dose of 10 mg / l (see Table 1),

The influence of growth regulators on the germination of Krasnokutsky 123 chickpea seeds infected with a fungal infection was studied. In rainy summers, part of the obtained nougat seeds is affected by mold and reduces germination. Inlaid such seeds with an additive at a dose of 1 mg / g strongly stimulated germination, increasing germination by 77%. With an increase in dose to 10 mg / g, the effect was 21% (see table 1).

The supplementation at a dose of 1 mg / g had a significant stimulating effect on the germination capacity of the affected nougat seeds, increasing it after 7 days of germination by 15% compared with the control, and after 2 weeks the effect remained. In addition, an acceleration of shoot growth at the beginning of development was noted. The dose of 10 mg / g in the first week increased germination by 7%, and with further germination, the effect reached 25%. At the initial stage of seedling development, the drug stimulated root growth (Table 3).

The stimulating effect of the additive during germination of the affected seeds may be the result of increasing the plant's tolerance to pathogens and (or) inhibiting the development of fungi.

Table 3 The effect of the additive on the germination and development of seedlings from nougat seeds affected by a fungal infection Option and Dose Germination,% Shoot height mm Root length mm 7 days 14 days 7 days 14 days 7 days 14 days The control 28 35 3.8 28.3 9.3 60.3 Supplement 1 mg / g 43 * fifty* 5.1 * 29.0 11.8 64.3 Supplement 10 mg / g 35 60 * 4,5 30.9 17.2 * 64,2 * - the difference with the control is significant at the 5% level

3. Field experiments on leached chernozem (pane and chickpeas in agro).

In the field experiments, Krasnokutsky 123 chickpeas and spring rape of SibNIIK 198 were tested. The additive of Example 4 was added to the soil when sowing at doses of 1 and 10 kg / ha. For this, a sample of the additive was mixed with a certain amount of dry soil and evenly distributed along a row with spread seeds, after which it was covered with a layer of soil and rolled,

In the experiment with spring rape SibNIIK 198, seed yield under the influence of the additive at a dose of 1 kg / ha increased by 32% (Table 4). This was mainly due to an increase in population density, which indicates increased field germination and plant survival in this experiment. When a dose of 10 kg / ha was introduced, the average seed weight per 1 plant increased by 17%. A 6% increase in seed size indicates better ripening in adverse weather conditions. Thus, the stimulating effect of the additive on rape fertility is versatile and dose-dependent.

Table 4 The influence of additives made to the soil during sowing on the productivity of spring rape Option and Dose Seed Yield, g / ^m2 The mass of seeds on the plant, g The mass of 1000 seeds, g The control 104 2.0 3,59 Additive 1 kg / ha 136 * 2.1 3.80 * Additive 10 kg / ha 107 2.3 * 3.78 * * - the difference with the control is significant at the 5% level

The technical result of the proposed additives is that:

1. New additives in comparison with known additives containing synthetic amorphous silica dissolve faster and provide a high concentration of monomeric forms of silicon dioxide in solution.

2. Additives when used in poultry farming as a feed additive prevent fungal diseases of the bird, increase the efficiency of feed use and increase productivity, as well as increase the mechanical strength of the egg shell and reduce egg breakage in mechanized complexes. Supplements increase the safety and live weight of the bird.

3. The developed additives have preventive and therapeutic properties for animals and humans: in acute intestinal infections, dyspepsia, various endogenous and exogenous intoxications, including poisoning with toxic substances, strengthen the immune system.

4. Using additives, environmentally friendly products are obtained that are not contaminated with toxins and environmentally friendly for humans, and can be used as a fertilizer and growth stimulator with an antifungal effect for plants, soil and seeds.

Claims (9)

1. Silicon-containing additive for food and feed purposes, as well as for fertilizers, including vegetable raw materials and an additional component subjected to mechanochemical activation, while the additive from vegetable raw materials contains rice husk and includes an additional component selected from the group: soluble sugar, and / or baking soda and / or chelating substance of the catechin type, in an amount up to 40 wt.%, and the additive particles have a size of less than 100 nm. 2. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that it has the form of granules, powder with a given particle size. 3. The additive according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the additive is suitable for use as a biostimulator of plant growth, fertilizers. 4. Additive according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that it includes green tea as a catechin type chelating agent and is suitable for use as a feed additive intended for animal consumption. 5. The additive according to claim 4, characterized in that it has the following ratio of starting components, wt.%: Green tea  0.1-20 Soluble sugar and / or baking soda  0,1-10 Rice husk  rest 6. Additive according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that it includes green tea as a chelating substance of the catechin type and is suitable for use as a food additive intended for human consumption. 7. The additive according to claim 6, characterized in that it has the following ratio of starting components, wt.%: Green tea  0.1-20 Soluble sugar and / or food water  0,1-10 Rice husk  rest