RU2505305C1 - Method of treating respiratory diseases of calfs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary.

SUBSTANCE: method involves the subcutaneous injections of donor animals' hyperimmune blood serum containing antihemagglutinin in titres to herpes virus-3 1:1280, to rednose virus - min. 1:256, to viral diarrhea -1:1024 and to adenovirus -1:128; in a dose of 2.0 ml/kg every 24 hours until recovered completely; besides, 20-30 minutes before feeding, a pytopreparation of 70% alcohol tincture of purple echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L) herb and blossom, common pine (Pinus sylvestris) buttons, horseheal (Inula helenium) roots and rhizomes, common licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) roots and harmala shrub (Peganum harmala) herb taken in relation 1:1:1:1:0.5 in the amount of 7-8% aqueous solution is administered in a dose of 3.0-3.5 ml/kg of body weight every 12 hours until recovered completely.

EFFECT: higher clinical effectiveness and natural body resistance.

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Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine, in particular to the treatment of respiratory diseases of calves.

Respiratory diseases of animals are polyetiological in nature. Violation of zoohygienic norms and requirements for the conditions of young animals is the main predisposing factor of inhibition of cellular and humoral immunity. Favorable conditions are created for the unhindered introduction of the mucous membranes of the body of microbes and viruses. Animals develop multifaceted pathophysiological disorders that contribute to the progression of endogenous intoxication, a violation of the rheological properties of blood, macro- and microcirculation. A distinctive feature of diseases at present is not only an increase in the number of pathogens of antibiotic-resistant strains, but also an increased role of the conditionally pathogenic microbial flora. At the same time, the frequency of involvement of various organs and systems in the pathological process increases. Massive respiratory diseases occur as mixed viral and viral-bacterial infections, which are characterized by a particularly malignant course, which are difficult to diagnose, since a secondary bacterial infection “masks” the primary viral disease. The dissemination of viruses in the environment leads to the constant involvement of new animals in the epizootic process. The absence of clear differences in the symptoms of non-specific, viral, bacterial and viral-bacterial diseases of the respiratory system, as well as the impossibility of rapid diagnosis of their etiology leads to excessive prescription of antibiotics / 1 /, while the high frequency of not always justified use of antibiotics, leading to the appearance of resistant microorganisms immunosuppression and high levels of environmental pollution are aggravating factors that affect the severity and duration of the disease. The presence of viruses in the body of the calf determines the lack of response to antimicrobial treatment, and the virus not only persists in the body after treatment, but also retains its activity for a long time.

To combat viral diseases of cattle, live and inactivated mono- and combined vaccines, animal serum reconvalescents / 2 /, hyperimmune animal-serum donors / 3 / and their application are proposed.

As the closest analogue, we consider a method of treating respiratory pathologies of young cattle using hyperimmune serum of cropping of animal donors containing anti-hemagglutinins in titers: to viruses PG-3 1: 1280, ИРТ - not lower than 1: 256, VD-BS - 1: 1024 and adenovirus - 1: 128, which is injected subcutaneously with an interval of 24 hours before clinical recovery at a dose of 2.0 ml / kg / 4 /. The disadvantages of this treatment are the relatively low efficiency due to the preservation of pathogens in the population after the outbreak, which leads to repeated enzootia when a sensitive population appears.

The technical result is an increase in the effectiveness of the treatment of respiratory diseases of calves proceeding as mixed infections, as a result of the formation of a general non-specific adaptive reaction of increased activation, characterized by increased resistance and balance of various types of metabolism, the use of a phytopreparation that combines immunostimulating, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial effect and the presence of vitamins.

This is achieved by the use of a phytopreparation in addition to passive immunization with hyperimmune blood serum of animal donors. The phytopreparation is a 70% alcohol tincture obtained from the grass and inflorescences of purple echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L), buds of common pine (Pinus sylvestris), roots and rhizomes of Elecampane (Inula helenium), licorice roots of grass (Glycyrrhhiza glabra common harmonica (Peganum harmala) taken in a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1: 0.5.

The ingredients of the complex drug used are widely used in herbal medicine. The rationale for choosing the components of the composition was data on the pharmacological properties and chemical composition of the medicinal plant material. Each component contains biologically active substances that act simultaneously on all links of pathogenesis, the symptoms of inflammatory diseases of the respiratory organs, and also have a pronounced antimicrobial effect on pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora.

The grass and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea have immunomodulating activity, inhibit the activity of hyaluronidase, an enzyme that enhances the permeability of cell membranes for viruses and microbes, increase the antimicrobial activity of leukocytes, macrophages and blood neutrophils and increase the synthesis of protective antibodies and endogenous interferon.

The buds of Scotch pine have a disinfectant, phytoncide, expectorant, vitamin and soothing effect, effectively prevent the spread of microbial and viral infections in the body.

Rhizomes and roots of Elecampane high have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, bactericidal, antifungal, hemostatic and expectorant properties.

Licorice roots are an antiseptic, increase the production of hormones in the adrenal cortex, regulate the water-salt balance of the body, lower the temperature, promote sputum discharge, increase diuresis, and perspiration.

The grass of harmonica vulgaris has a pronounced antimicrobial activity, confirmed by pharmacological studies, provides a bronchodilator action of the collection, promotes the discharge of sputum.

All phytopreparation plants have an antimicrobial effect, and the herb and Echinacea purpurea inflorescences have a virus-neutralizing property, ordinary pine buds prevent the spread of viral infection in the body, which eliminates (attenuates) the causes of the disease, anti-inflammatory (elecampane high, echinacea purpurea), expectorant kidney ( ), antispasmodic (elecampane high) action reduces pathogenetic changes, and immunomodulatory activity of Echinacea purpurea enhances protective, to mpensatorno-adaptive mechanisms of the body.

The high efficiency of the phytopreparation is achieved due to the combination of a whole complex of biologically active substances, as a result of which there is a mutual strengthening of the beneficial pharmacological properties of each individual component.

An example of a herbal preparation.

0.45 kg of air-dry collection is crushed to a particle size of 3 mm Then the crushed collection using a sieve with a hole diameter of 0.25 mm is freed from dust (particles less than 0.25 mm) and get 0.45 kg of finished raw materials (expenditure coefficient equal to 1.03), which is placed in a dark glass vessel, pour 4500 ml of 70% ethyl alcohol, kept in a dark place at a temperature of 18-20 ° C for 7 days and filtered through canvas, squeezing the raw materials. Herbal medicine is used in the form of a 7-8% aqueous solution.

The method is as follows.

Hyperimmune blood serum of animal donors containing anti-hemagglutinins in titers for PG-3 viruses - 1: 1280, IRT - not lower than 1: 256, VD-BS - 1: 1024 and to adenovirus - 1: 128, at a dose, is injected subcutaneously to sick calves 2.0 ml / kg with an interval of 24 hours before clinical recovery and additionally inside, 20-30 minutes before feeding, use 70% alcohol tincture from grass and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea L), ordinary pine buds (Pinus sylvestris), roots and rhizomes of elecampane high (Inula helenium), licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) and common harmonica grass {Peganum ha rmala) taken in a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1: 0.5, in the form of a 7-8% aqueous solution in a dose of 3.0-3.5 ml / kg body weight with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery.

The effectiveness of the method of treating respiratory diseases of calves of a polyetiological nature was determined in scientific and production experiments under conditions of a long-term adverse respiratory disease caused by exposure to virus associations, pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora against the background of violation of the conditions of keeping and feeding of pregnant cows and calves. Virological and bacteriological studies have confirmed the etiological role of PG-3, IRT, VD-BS and adenovirus, pasteurella, salmonella, protea and streptococci. Incidence - up to 80%, mortality - up to 20%. The treatment was performed when the first clinical signs appeared, which were manifested by depression, loss of appetite, in some cases, increase in temperature to 41.5 ° C, serous-mucous discharge from the nasal openings, conjunctivitis, cough, rapid breathing, after diagnosis based on clinical examination , laboratory tests, pathological autopsy. During the postmortem autopsy of the dead and forcedly killed calves, hyperemia of the mucous membrane, mucopurulent exudate were found in the trachea and bronchi, and in the lungs, densified areas of dark red color, enlarged pharyngeal and bronchial nodes.

Example 1. Therapeutic efficacy, depending on the dose of the phytopreparation, was determined on 5 groups of sick calves of 30-45 days of age - 4 experimental groups, 1 group - control. The calves of the experimental groups were subcutaneously injected with hyperimmune blood serum of animal donors containing anti-hemagglutinins in the titers for PG-3 viruses - 1: 1280, IRT - not lower than 1: 256, VD-BS - 1: 1024 and to adenovirus - 1: 128, a dose of 2.0 ml / kg with an interval of 24 hours before clinical recovery and was additionally applied orally 20 minutes before feeding; 70% alcohol tincture from grass and Echinacea purpurea L inflorescences, common pine buds (Pinus sylvestris), roots were used and rhizomes of elecampane high (Inula helenium), licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) and grass harmala basic (Peganum harmala), taken in a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1: 0.5, in the form of an aqueous solution of 7% concentration with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery in doses of 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 ml / kg body weight. The calves of the control group were treated with traditional methods using symptomatic agents. The results were taken into account according to the main clinical indicators (table 1).

The results presented in table 1, confirmed the validity of the dosage of phytopreparation. Thus, a dose of a phytopreparation less than the minimum did not provide an increase in the therapeutic effect relative to the control, and an increase in the dose above the maximum was impractical, since the upper limit value did not provide a significant increase in therapeutic effectiveness relative to the average value (3.5 ml / kg body weight). As can be seen from table 1, the proposed method provided 100% recovery (control group - 80.8%) with a reduction in treatment time to 8 days compared to 14 days in the control group. After recovery, the calves of the experimental groups developed well, they developed an appetite, restored reactions to external stimuli, they were mobile and active. The daily gain in live weight of calves in the experimental groups exceeded the daily gain in live weight of calves in the control group by 29.0% (first group), 32.57% (second group), 32.90% (third group) and 33.06 % (fourth group).

Table 1 The effectiveness of treatment depending on the dose of herbal medicine Indicators Method of treatment subcutaneous hyperimmune serum ∗ at a dose of 2.0 ml / kg body weight with an interval of 24 hours before clinical recovery with the use of symptomatic agents phytopreparation based on alcohol tinctures from grass and inflorescences of purple coneflower, ordinary pine buds, roots and rhizomes of elecampane high, licorice roots and common harmonica grass in the form of an aqueous solution of 7% concentration with an interval of 12 hours before the clinical recovery in a dose, ml / kg live weight 2,5 3.0 3,5 4.0 n = 25 n = 28 n = 28 n = 26 n = 26 Recover, goal. 22 27 28 26 21 Fell or forcedly killed, goal. 3 one 0 0 5 Duration of the disease, days 10 8 8 8 fourteen Efficiency% 88.0 96.4 100.0 100.0 80.8 The average daily gain in live weight, g 792.0 ± 20.0 814.0 ± 21.0 816.0 ± 21.0 817.0 ± 24.0 614.0 ± 22.0

Example 3. The effectiveness of treatment using a herbal preparation in accordance with the invention in comparison with the known method was determined on sick calves of 40-45 days of age, divided into 2 groups of experimental and control 6 animals each. The calves of the experimental group were treated in accordance with the invention (the concentration of an aqueous solution of a phytopreparation was 8%). The calves of the control group were treated with symptomatic agents, including antibacterial ones, and blood serum of animals hyperimmunized with the PG-3 and BIVAK IRT vaccines. The animals were clinically monitored for a month. Before and after treatment, blood samples were taken to determine immunological parameters. The results are presented in tables 2 and 3.

table 2 The effectiveness of the treatment of respiratory diseases of calves Indicators Groups of animals Experienced, n = 10 Control, n = 10 Method of treatment subcutaneous hyperimmune serum ∗ phytopreparation in the form of an aqueous solution of 7% concentration with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery at a dose of 3.0 ml / kg body weight subcutaneous injection of blood serum of animals hyperimmunized with the vaccine against PG-3 and ИРТ and medications Recover, goal. 10 8 Duration of the disease, days 8 12 Efficiency% 100.0 80.0 Fell or forcedly killed, goal. - 2 Relapse of the disease, goal 3 four

Table 3 Immunological parameters of blood of sick calves Indicators Sick calves Before treatment After treatment Experienced group Control group White blood cells, 10 ⁹ / L 14.54 ± 0.62 13.04 ± 1.28 13.87 ± 0.95 Lymphocytes, 10 ⁹ / L 7.33 ± 0.31 8.27 ± 0.62 8.71 ± 0.44 T-lymphocytes, 10 ⁹ / L 19.8 ± 1.6 23.7 ± 1.1 20.0 ± 1.4 Total serum protein, g / l 68.9 ± 3.6 75.0 ± 3.4 72.6 ± 3.5 Globulins,% 58.06 ± 12.14 60.26 ± 11.12 52.86 ± 12.11 alpha 10.70 ± 4.37 9.39 ± 1.87 15.15 ± 0.03 beta 18.89 ± 2.12 16.07 ± 0.97 15.11 ± 0.98 gamma 28.47 ± 3.76 34.78 ± 6.77 22.6 ± 4.91 Albumin,% 41.94 ± 13.78 39.16 ± 9.35 47.14 ± 3.99 Bactericidal activity of blood serum,% 28.3 ± 1.1 50.0 ± 1.9 39.9 ± 2.0 Lysozyme activity of blood serum,% 1.8 ± 0.4 4.6 ± 0.2 3.2 ± 0.2

Symptoms of the disease in the calves of the experimental group disappeared on 8-10 days and within a month (observation period) did not reoccur. The calves developed normally. The duration of the clinical manifestations of respiratory disease in the calves of the control group was 10-12 days, 4 calves out of 8 recovered developed relapse (table 2). In the treatment of sick calves, along with the disappearance of characteristic symptoms, an increase in the number of immunocompetent cells was noted. So, the number of T-lymphocytes in the experimental group increased by 19.7%, while in the control group this indicator remained practically unchanged. The level of total protein increased in the experimental group by 8.9% compared with 5.4% in the control group, and in the control group this increase was due to albumin and alpha-globulin fraction, and in the experimental group due to gamma-globulin fraction . It can be assumed that the increase in the level of proteins of the alpha-globulin fraction is due to the ongoing inflammatory process, since alpha-globulins include proteins of the "acute phase". An increase in the level of gamma globulins indicated an increase in the tension of the immune system, since the bulk of gamma globulins are immunoglybulins of classes A, G and M, which have the properties of antibodies (table 3).

Example 3. The effectiveness of the proposed method of treatment in comparison with the known was determined on sick calves 30-45 days of age with associated viral infection caused by viruses PG-3, IRT, VD-BS and adenoviruses, after a diagnosis has been established based on a comprehensive analysis with mandatory virological research, divided into 4 groups: Calves of all groups were injected subcutaneously with hyperimmune serum containing specific antibodies to PG-3 viruses 1: 1280, IRT - not lower than 1: 256, VD-BS - 1: 1024 and ikadenovirus - 1: 128 at a dose of 2 , 0 ml / k of animal body weight at an interval of 24 hours prior to clinical recovery. The calves of the 1st group additionally used phytopreparation in accordance with the invention (concentration of an aqueous solution of phytopreparation 7%). The calves of the 2nd group were additionally used inside with a 7% aqueous solution of alcohol tincture of coltsfoot grass at a dose of 4.0 ml / kg body weight of the animal with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery, the calves of the 3rd group were given an infusion of ordinary pine kidneys at a dose of 10.0 ml / kg of body weight of the animal with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery. In the control group, no additional drugs were used. The results were taken into account according to the main clinical indicators (table 4).

The data obtained showed that the proposed method has high therapeutic efficacy in respiratory diseases of calves (table 3). So, within 8 days the symptoms of the disease disappeared in the calves. Relapse within 30 days of observation was not observed. In animals that were treated by known methods, the symptoms of the disease persisted for 12 (2nd and 3rd groups) and 16 (4th group) days.

Table 4 The comparative effectiveness of the claimed and known methods of treating respiratory diseases Indicators Groups of animals 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Method of treatment and subcutaneous hyperimmune serum * at a dose of 2.0 ml / kg body weight with an interval of 24 hours before clinical recovery phytopreparation in the form of an aqueous solution of 7% concentration with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery at a dose of 3.5 ml / kg body weight alcohol tincture of coltsfoot grass in the form of an aqueous solution of 7% concentration with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery in a dose of 4.0 ml / kg body weight infusion of ordinary pine kidneys with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery at a dose of 10.0 ml / kg body weight no additional drugs were used n = 38 n = 32 n = 34 n = 36 Recover, goal. 38 29th 31 31 Fell or forcedly killed, goal. - 2 3 four Duration of the disease, days 8 12 12 16 Efficiency% 100.0 90.6 91.2 86.1 The average daily gain in live weight, g 812.0 ± 22.0 772.0 ± 24.0 769.0 ± 21.0 739.0 ± 23.0 ^∗ hyperimmune serum of animal donors contains anti-hemagglutinins in credits for PG-3 viruses - 1: 1280, ИРТ - not lower than 1: 256, VD-BS - 1: 1024 and to adenovius - 1: 128

Studies conducted in conditions of prolonged troubles, i.e. immunological pressure, confirmed the high efficiency of the claimed method due to immunocorrection of key broken links of the immune system and increase the body's natural resistance. It is shown that the phytopreparation not only effectively increases the adaptive capabilities of the body, but also restores its functional capabilities that are disturbed during the disease, acts physiologically, and does not cumulate. Thanks to the combination of active components, a multifaceted effect on the body is provided (immunostimulating, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, detoxification, etc.), which creates the conditions for a complex and multifunctional effect with a therapeutic purpose both on the organ affected by the disease and on the whole organism. The advantage of a phytopreparation is the presence of vitamins and microelements in it in a chelated form available for assimilation. Vitamin C is of particular importance (purple coneflower - 4.0%; naked licorice - 3.0%; elecampane high - 31.6 mg%, ordinary pine kidney - 0.3%). Vitamin C is an active antioxidant. It protects the humoral and cellular components from oxidation and loss of function under the influence of free radicals. Increases the body's resistance to infections, in particular under stress, reduces the duration of infection due to activation of the immune system, stimulation of an increase in lymphocyte count and an increase in interferon levels (Klenner R.F., 1971). In vitro studies have shown the effect of vitamin C on enhancing the synthesis of DNA lymphocytes and proteins under the influence of phytomitogens and antigens (Panush, 1982). The antioxidant effect of vitamin C is enhanced by other antioxidants, in particular vitamin E (elecampane high - 25.5-31.75 mg%), organic acids (succinic, citric, fumaric) (naked licorice - 4.0-4.6%, Echinacea purpurea - 3.3%).

Information sources

1. D.K. Worms and others. Medicines in veterinary medicine. - M .: Kolos, 1977, S.138-147.

2. Infectious diseases of animals. Reference / Comp. Yu.F. Borisovich, L.V. Kirillov; under the editorship of D.F. Osidze - M: Agropromizdat, 1987 - S.99.

3. Immunoprophylaxis of animal diseases Per. with him. N.B. Chernykh - M .: Kolos, 1981. - S.274-277.

4. Sisyagin P.N., Rejepova G.R., Vtyurin S.V., Pereverzentsev P.A. Immuno-modulators in the immunoprophylaxis of viral respiratory diseases of calves // Scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of infectious, invasive and non-communicable diseases of farm animals: Sat. tr NIVI NZ RF. - N. Novgorod, 2004 .-- S.101-105.

Claims (1)

A method for the treatment of respiratory diseases of calves, including immunization with subcutaneous injections of hyperimmune blood serum of animal donors containing anti-hemagglutinins in titers for PG-3 viruses of 1: 1280, IRT - not lower than 1: 256, VD-BS - 1: 1024 and to adenovirus - 1 : 128, characterized in that, in addition, 20-30 minutes before feeding, a phytopreparation is used inside, which is a 70% alcohol tincture of grass and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea L, ordinary pine buds (Pinus sylvestris), roots and rhizomes elecampane high (Inula helenium), licorice roots naked (Glyc yrrhiza glabra L.) and common harmonica grass (Peganum harmala), taken in the ratio 1: 1: 1: 1: 0.5, in the form of a 7-8% aqueous solution in a dose of 3.0-3.5 ml / kg live masses with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery.