RU2309762C1 - Method for preventing respiratory diseases in calves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: clinically healthy calves should be treated with aerosol of alcoholic extract of the mixture of equal quantities of the grass and the inflorescences of purple Echinacea, coltsfoot, the grass of creeping thyme and licorice roots. The suggested aerosol should be sprayed in the housing where calves are placed for the period of about 40-60 min as 3.5-5.0%-aqueous solution at 1.5-2.5 ml/cu. m housing. Calves should be treated with two 3-d-long courses at 48-h-long interval between them The innovation enables to increase the resistance to respiratory diseases in calves.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of prophylaxis.

3 ex, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to veterinary aerosol prophylaxis, relates to a method and can be used to prevent respiratory diseases of calves of viral and bacterial etiology.

Known methods for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves by inhalation of aerosols of biological preparations, for example, non-specific globulin and serum convalescents [1], hyperimmune serum [2], which can be used with antibacterial agents, such as tetracycline [3], furagin [4], furazolidone [5] or immunomodulators, for example, quacycline, zoolan, glycopine [6]. A common disadvantage of known methods by inhalation of aerosols of biological preparations is insufficient efficiency due to the inability to create the proper concentration of aerosols when using antibacterial drugs - due to the emergence of highly resistant strains of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora, as well as the occurrence of relapses. Methods of prevention by inhalation of aerosols of biological preparations mixed with immunomodulators (based on 100 ml of serum: quacicline - 0.8 g, zoolan - 0.06 g, glycopin - 0.06 g) three times with an interval of 10 days and an exposure of 60 minutes provide quite high efficiency.

There is also a method of preventing non-specific bronchopneumonia of young cattle by inhalation of aerosols of furadon (a preparation of the nitrofuran series) in combination with an extract of the root of eleutherococcus [7]. Eleutherococcus preparations are classified as adaptogenic, i.e. increasing the body's overall resistance to the effects of adverse environmental factors (hypothermia, overheating), but not providing correction of secondary immunodeficiencies.

The purpose of the invention is an effective and economical method for the prevention of mass respiratory diseases of calves of a polyetiological nature.

This goal is achieved by the method of preventing respiratory diseases of calves by inhalation of aerosol extracts from the herb extract and purple inflorescences (Echinazea purpurea), coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara), creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum) and licorice roots (Glycyrrhhizaab .

Echinacea purpurea (Echinazea purpurea) is a perennial herb with a short rhizome, the fruit is a grayish-brown achene. It is bred in the southern and middle bands of the European part of Russia. They collect flower baskets in July-August, rhizomes with roots in late autumn. Chemical composition: essential oil (in flower baskets 0.13-0.48%), which includes non-cyclic sequiterpene, glycoside, betaine, resin, organic acids (palmitic, linoleic, cerotinic), phytosterols (in the roots). In folk and scientific medicine, Echinacea purpurea is used in the complex treatment of recurrent infectious and inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Contraindications: hypersensitivity, autoimmune diseases, tuberculosis, leukemia, pregnancy, lactation, childhood, chronic liver disease.

Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) is ubiquitous. Leaves are harvested in the first half of summer. Chemical composition: mucus, during hydrolysis of which glucose, galactose, uronic acids, bitter glycosides, essential oil, saponins, phytosterol, carotenoids, malic and tartaric acids, etc. are formed. In folk and scientific medicine, coltsfoot is used as an expectorant, emollient , anti-inflammatory, disinfectant and diaphoretic.

Creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum) naturally grows in the forest zone. Aerial parts of plants are collected during the flowering period. Chemical composition: essential oil, tannins, bitterness, flavonoids, ursolic and oleanolic acids. In folk and scientific medicine, thyme is used as an expectorant, antiseptic, anticonvulsant and analgesic.

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) is a perennial root-shoot herbaceous plant of the family. It grows wild in the south of Western Europe, in the Mediterranean, Western Asia, Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan, China, in Russia - in the south of the European part and in Western Siberia. Collect rhizomes with roots in spring or summer. Chemical composition: triterpene saponin glycyrrhizin - calcium and potassium salts of glycyrrhizonic acid (23%), flavanoids, derivatives of flavanone and chalcone, polysaccharides (starch, pectic substances), ascorbic acid. Licorice root preparations are used as an expectorant and laxative (powder, dry and thick extracts, syrup, breast elixir), as an anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and antisecretory agent for peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, bronchial asthma, and allergic asthma.

An extract from the herb and inflorescences of purple, coltsfoot, creeping thyme and licorice roots is prepared in the pharmacopeia method in a ratio of raw material to extractor 1:10. Ethanol with a concentration of 70% is used as an extractant. Medicinal raw materials are crushed to particles with a size of 1-3 mm, mixed in equal amounts, a weighed portion of the raw material is placed in a glass vessel, the calculated amount of ethyl alcohol at a concentration of 70% is added, it is kept for 7 days in a dark place at a temperature of 15-20 ° C. Then the alcohol tincture is filtered through a canvas or two layers of gauze, squeezing the raw materials, filtered.

Example: 500 g of medicinal raw material were placed in a glass jar (equal amounts of grass and inflorescences of purple, coltsfoot, creeping thyme and licorice roots), 5.0 L of ethyl alcohol at a concentration of 70% were added, put in a dark place and kept at a temperature of 15-20 ° C for 7 days, after which it was filtered through the canvas, squeezing the raw materials.

The method is as follows.

The extract from the herb and inflorescences of purple purification, coltsfoot, creeping thyme and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, in the form of a 3.5-5.0% aqueous solution is sprayed at a rate of 1.5-2.5 ml / m ³ for 40-60 minutes in three three-day courses with an interval between them of 48 hours. Aerosol stability is provided by adding 10% sterile glycerol or glucose in powder to the volume of the working solution.

The essence of the method is illustrated by examples.

The effectiveness of the method for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves of a polyetiological nature was determined in scientific and industrial experiments in the conditions of farms that have long been unsuccessful in respiratory diseases due to the impact on the body of virus associations, pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora against the background of violation of the conditions of keeping and feeding of pregnant cows and calves. Virological and bacteriological studies confirmed the etiological role of parainfluenza-3 viruses (PG-3), infectious rhinotracheitis (IRT), viral diarrhea - mucous membrane diseases (VD-BS) - antibody titer ranged from 1: 4 to 1:32 -, pasteurell, salmonella, streptococcus and staphylococcus. Incidence - 40-70%, mortality - up to 20%. The treatment is carried out in a specially adapted sealed room with flow-exhaust ventilation using a supersonic aerosol nozzle (SAF) for spraying.

Example 1. Prophylactic effectiveness depending on the dose of the extract was determined on clinically healthy calves 30-45 days old, distributed into 6 groups of 20 animals each: 5 groups - experimental, 1 group - control. The calves of the experimental groups were treated with a 3.5% aqueous solution of extract from the herb and inflorescences of purple, coltsfoot, creeping thyme grass and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, three three-day courses with an interval between them of 48 hours for 40 minutes at the rate of 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5 and 3.0 ml / m ^3, respectively. The calves of the control group were not subjected to treatment. Preventive efficacy amounted to: experience - 83.4; 91.7; 95.0; 100.0; 100.0%, respectively, control - 80.0%, which confirmed the validity of the claimed dosage.

Example 2. Prophylactic effectiveness depending on the concentration of the extract was determined on clinically healthy calves 30-45 days old, divided into 5 groups of 20 animals each: 4 groups - experimental, 1 group - control. The calves of the experimental groups were treated with an alcoholic extract from the grass and inflorescences of purple coneflower, coltsfoot, creeping thyme and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, in the form of an aqueous solution of 3.0; 3.5; 5.0 and 5.5% concentration. The treatment was carried out in three three-day courses with an interval between them of 48 hours for 40 minutes at the rate of 2.5 ml / m ³ . Preventive efficacy was: experience - 80.0; 100.0; 100.0 and 94.5% respectively, control - 80.0%. The results showed that the concentration of the extract below the minimum did not provide an increase in the prophylactic effect relative to the control, and an increase in the concentration above the maximum was impractical, since it did not provide an increase in the prophylactic effect relative to the optimal dose, but led to its decrease.

Example 3. The comparative effectiveness of the claimed and known methods was carried out on clinically healthy calves 30-35 days of age of three calves with 120 goals each. Schemes of preventive treatments in groups: the first group - inhalation of aerosols of a 3.5% aqueous solution of the extract from the herb and the inflorescences of purple, coltsfoot, thyme creeping grass and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, three three-day courses with an interval between them at 48 hours for 40 minutes at the rate of 2.5 ml / m ³ ; the second group - inhalation of aerosols of serum of convalescents at a dose of 15 ml per head in combination with tetracycline at a dose of 3 thousand units / kg of animal weight three times with an interval of 2 days for 60 minutes; the third group - inhalation of aerosols of iodotriethylene glycol in combination with lactic acid in three three-day courses with an interval between them of 2 days at the rate of 1 ml / m ³ for 30 minutes. Before and after 5 days after the end of the course of prophylaxis, 5 calves from each group took blood samples. In whole blood and serum, lysozyme (according to the method of V.G. Dorofeychuk, 1968), bactericidal (according to the method of O.V.Smirnova and T.A. Kuzmina, 1966), beta-lysine (according to the method of O.V. Bukharina and et al., 1970) activity of blood serum, phagocytic properties of neutrophils (in the reduction reaction of nitro blue tetrazolium according to A.N. Mayansky et al., 1979), the number of T and B lymphocytes, the level of immunoglobulins G and M (conventional methods) (table 1 ) The results were taken into account according to the main clinical indicators (table 2). Immunological studies evaluating the immune status revealed immunodeficiency conditions in clinically healthy calves, characterized by a decrease in the relative content of B and T lymphocytes, functional, activity of blood neutrophils, a decrease in the level of immunoglobulins G and M, bactericidal, lysozyme and betalizine activity of blood serum. After preventive treatments in all groups, a positive dynamics of the main immunological parameters was noted, which is more pronounced in the first group (method in accordance with the invention). Activation of protective mechanisms in all recorded parameters ensured an increase in preventive effectiveness (table 2).

Table 1.
The immunological status of calves, depending on the method of prophylactic treatment Indicators Calf groups Clinically healthy calves 30-35 days of age of respiratory disease free farm First Second Third T-lymphocytes,%

32.00 ± 1.40 B-lymphocytes,%

10.60 ± 0.40 Bactericidal activity,%

53.40 ± 1.50 Lysozyme activity,%

5.90 ± 0.30 Betalizine activity,%

19.2 ± 0.7 Phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils (NTS test),% - spontaneous

6.7 ± 0.1 induced

29.3 ± 0.7 Immunoglobulins, mg / ml G

12.6 ± 0.7 M

2.6 ± 0.07 Note: in the numerators - indicators before the start of the experiment, in the denominator - indicators after the end of the experiment Table 2.
The comparative effectiveness of the claimed and known methods of aerosol prevention of respiratory diseases of calves Indicators Groups of animals 1-n = 120 2-n = 120 3-n = 120 Ill, goal. 5 12 fifteen Diagnosis PG-3 PG-2, IRT PG-3, VD-BS Preventive efficacy,% 95.9 90.0 87.5 The form of the disease, goal. light four 5 7 heavy one 7 8 Duration of treatment, days 101 fourteen 12

Our studies have shown that the method of aerosol prevention of respiratory diseases by inhalation of aerosols of an extract of a mixture of equal amounts of grass and purple coneflower, coltsfoot, creeping thyme and licorice roots provides a sufficient level of intensity of protective reactions in clinically healthy calves, which is reflected in an increase in prophylactic effectiveness, as well as an increase in cases of mild, treatable illness and a reduction in treatment time. The method is simple to implement, affordable and economical.

Information sources

1. Veterinary medicine. / Andreev E.V., Bakumenko M.D., Weinstein LB, Golovko V.A. - Kiev: Harvest, 1979. - S.9-13.

2. Veterinary Medicine, 1985, No. 9, S.50-53.

3. Revilov A.Z. and other Infectious diseases of agricultural animals: Sat scientific works of Novosibirsk, 1983. - S.72-73.

4. RU 2010576 C1, 1994.

5. RU 1819138 A3, 1993.

6. Recommendations for the use of aerosols in veterinary medicine, N. Novgorod, 2003, S.8-9.

7. RU 2005472 C1, 1994.

Claims (1)

A method for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves, including treating the premises in which the calves are kept, with an aerosol of a biologically active preparation, characterized in that the alcoholic extract of a mixture of equal amounts of grass and purple coneflower, coltsfoot, creeping thyme grass is used as a biologically active preparation and licorice roots, which is sprayed for 40-60 minutes in the form of a 3.5-5.0% aqueous solution at the rate of 1.5-2.5 ml / m ^{3 of the} premises, while the treatment is carried out in three three-day courses with an interval between do them at 48