RU2388481C2 - Treatment-and-preventive agent for young farm animals; and method for prevention of respiratory diseases among calve and its application - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns veterinary medicine. Treatment-and-preventive agent for young farm animals is alcoholic tincture of vegetable raw material, the raw material being a mixture of grass and blossom cluster of purple Echinacea, coltsfoot, Syrian rue grass and licorice roots. The vegetable raw material is steeped in 70% ethyl alcohol in proportion 1:10, then kept in dark room at a temperature of 15-20°C for 7 days, strained. The raw material is press out and the tincture is filtered. Method for preventing respiratory diseases includes passive immunisation performed through hypodermic injection of hyperimmune serum containing specific antibodies to rednose, bird flue 3 and bovine viral diarrhea viruses in titres of at least 1:1280, 1:256 and 1:1024 respectively, in dose of 1.5 - 2.0 ml/kg of animal body weight for 15 days with an interval of 12 - 24 hours.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of the agent and prevention method.

2 cl, 2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine, relates to a therapeutic agent for young farm animals and can be used to prevent respiratory diseases of calves.

Massive respiratory diseases of young farm animals are complex infectious processes in which at various stages of the development of pathology bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas in various combinations take part. The initiating mechanism of acute respiratory diseases of calves are viruses (mainly parainfluenza-3 viruses, infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea-mucous membranes, respiratory syncytial virus), which cause damage to the hereditary structure of cells, which reduces resistance to bacterial infections. Massive respiratory diseases occur as mixed viral and viral-bacterial infections, which are characterized by a particularly malignant course, which are difficult to diagnose, since a secondary bacterial infection “masks” the primary viral disease. Associated viral and bacterial pathogens, being an etiological factor, create a number of problems in the treatment of sick animals. Infection with most viruses leads to the accumulation of humoral antibodies. However, their level drops rapidly, which leads to the development of a secondary immune response and a modification of the disease.

Known methods for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases of calves based on antibiotic therapy. The main principles of antibiotic therapy for respiratory diseases are: the use of high single and daily doses, the continuity of administration, the duration of administration until the disappearance of signs of the inflammatory process, the use of various routes of administration / 1 /. However, it was found that the use of antibiotics for respiratory pathologies leads to inhibition of the activity of a number of tissue enzymes and factors of humoral and cellular immunity / 2 /. This disadvantage is eliminated by the inclusion in antibiotic treatment regimens of agents that increase natural resistance and immunological protection (vitamins, minerals, non-specific immunoglobulin, serum convalescents, etc.) / 3 /. An alternative to antibiotic therapy is herbal medicine. The value of medicinal plants lies in the fact that they are low toxic, gently affect the body, and can be used for a long time. Thus, the collection of medicinal herbs, including dioecious nettle, large burdock, pharmacy chamomile, common oregano, perforated St. John's wort and ordinary wormwood, increased the preservation of calves with respiratory diseases by 10-32% / 4 /, and the collection, including hypericum perforatum, thyme creeping, peppermint, coltsfoot, activation of the immune systems, in particular T and phagocytic, which aggravate the pathological process and the effectiveness of the treatment of respiratory diseases / 5 /.

The basis of the reduced resistance of the animal organism is immunodeficiency, against which animals become infected with bacterial and viral pathogens, and inflammatory processes more often occur with irreversible morphological disorders in the cells of organs and tissues.

The calf’s immune status in respiratory diseases is increased by passive immunization with the use of immune blood serum from animals containing antibodies to pathogens that form the virus-bacterial background of the livestock complex or immune blood serum from animal donors, for example, hyperimmune serum containing hemagglutinins to the IRT, PG-3 and VD-BS / 6 /.

The technical result consists in creating a new drug, which is simple to manufacture, with an extended spectrum of action and a high effect of exposure to respiratory diseases of calves on the background of passive immunization.

Obtaining this result is achieved by using a therapeutic and prophylactic agent, which is an alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of grass and purple echinacea inflorescences, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts.

The used ingredients of the therapeutic agent are widely used in herbal medicine. The proposed collection contains all the necessary substances, the combined use of which has an effective effect on the animal's body with respiratory diseases.

The claimed collection has a bronchodilator effect, promotes sputum discharge, has anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, exhibits antiviral and antimicrobial activity, helps restore the functions of the bronchopulmonary system, has detoxification properties, regulates metabolic processes and increases the body's resistance.

The grass and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea have immunomodulating activity, inhibit the activity of hyaluronidase, an enzyme that enhances the permeability of viruses and microbes, increase the antimicrobial activity of leukocytes, macrophages and blood neutrophils, and increase the synthesis of protective antibodies and endogenous interferon.

Grass and inflorescences of coltsfoot have an enveloping effect on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, throat and larynx, protecting them from irritation (due to the presence of mucus), soften and thin the dry secretion in the upper respiratory tract, restore the natural movement of the ciliary epithelium in the trachea and bronchi , contribute to faster evacuation of inflammatory products and significantly improve expectoration of sputum (due to the presence of mucus, saponins and organic acids), have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, resulting in a decrease in hyperemia of the mucous membranes, and bacteriostatic properties.

The grass of harmonica vulgaris has a pronounced antimicrobial activity, confirmed by pharmacological studies, provides a bronchodilator action of the collection, promotes the discharge of sputum.

Licorice roots provide bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory action of the collection. In addition, they enhance the healing effects of other herbs included in the collection.

The chemical composition of the therapeutic and prophylactic agent is represented by a complex of biologically active substances providing its high pharmacotherapeutic effect. The dominant biologically active substances are phenolic compounds, flavonoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, tannins, vitamins, trace elements, the main of which can be considered zinc, selenium, copper and iron.

Flavonoids (containing all components) inhibit the enzyme catechol-ortho-methyltransferase and provide the adaptive-trophic function of the body due to the adrenoprolonging effect. Flavonoids have P-vitamin (capillary-strengthening) activity. In the total anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids, their direct effect on cell and tissue membranes is important - a decrease in their permeability, densification of lysosome membranes, inhibition of hyaluronidase, antagonistic effect against inflammatory mediators / 8 /.

Polysaccharides (contain all components) have an anti-inflammatory, immunocorrective effect. They stimulate nonspecific immunity and phagocytosis, the activity of macrophages and neutrophils, as well as bactericidal function of cells.

Phenolic compounds (containing all components) have an antimicrobial effect, the mechanism of which is due to their ability to be sorbed by the components of the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, form strong hydrogen bonds with proteins and damage the membrane, in particular increasing its permeability to ions (primarily potassium) and important metabolites lost cell, as well as for water coming from the outside and contributing to lysis.

78% of the total amount of alkaloids contained in the grass of common harmonica is peganin. Pharmacological studies have shown that 1% and 10% infusions of common harmonica grass have high antistaphylococcal activity, and a 0.25% peganin solution has high antimicrobial activity.

Tannins (licorice up to 9.46%, coltsfoot - at least 8.0%), exhibiting a membrane-stabilizing effect, restore repair processes in hepatocytes and improve the liver antioxidant system.

Vitamins (vitamin C - grass and inflorescences of coltsfoot, Echinacea purpurea; Vitamin B - licorice naked, Vitamin A - Echinacea purpurea) are involved in all metabolic processes, increase the body's resistance to disease, have anti-inflammatory effects, and contribute to detoxification of the body.

The trace element zinc (licorice - 0.33 μg / g, harmala vulgaris - 0.78 μg / g) is involved in the body in immune processes, selenium (licorice - 12.14 μg / g, harmala vulgaris - 1.0 μg / g, coltsfoot - 22.9 mcg / g) is a powerful antioxidant, iron (Echinacea purpurea - 48 mg / 100 g, harmala vulgaris - 0.14 mg / g, licorice - 0.7 mg / g) - the main structural component of hemoglobin of blood and heme-containing enzymes, as well as in combination with cobalt (naked licorice - 0.03 μg / g, common harmala - 0.4 μg / g, coltsfoot - 4.0 μg / g) has a stimulating influencing immunogenesis in viral infections, copper (coltsfoot - 43.3 μg / g, licorice - 0.2 μg / g, common harmala - 0.37 μg / g) increases the functional activity of leukocytes, bactericidal and lysozyme blood serum activity.

All plants of the medicinal product have an antimicrobial effect, and the herb and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea have a virus-neutralizing property, pine buds prevent the spread of viral infection in the body, which eliminates (attenuates) the causes of the disease, anti-inflammatory (coltsfoot, echinacea purpurea), expectorant ( coltsfoot, licorice naked), antispasmodic (common harmonica, coltsfoot), reduces pathogenetic changes, and immunomodulatory activity of echinacea purpurea Vaeth protective, compensatory and adaptive mechanisms of the organism.

The tincture of the crushed plant mixture of grass and purple coneflower, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots is prepared in the pharmacopeia method in a ratio of raw material to extractor 1:10. Ethanol with a concentration of 70% is used as an extractor. Medicinal raw materials are crushed to particles 1-3 mm in size, mixed in equal amounts, a weighed portion of the raw material is placed in a glass vessel, the calculated amount of ethyl alcohol at a concentration of 70% is added, it is kept for 7 days in a dark place at a temperature of 15-20 ° C. Then the alcohol tincture is filtered through a canvas or two layers of gauze, squeezing the raw materials, filtered.

Example: 500 g of medicinal raw material were placed in a glass jar (equal amounts from the herb and inflorescences of purple coneflower, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots), 5.0 L of ethyl alcohol at a concentration of 70% were added, put in a dark place and kept at a temperature of 15-20 ° C for 7 days, after which it was filtered through the canvas, squeezing the raw materials, and filtered.

For the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves of viral and bacterial etiology against the background of passive immunization against parainfluenza-3 viruses (PG-3), infectious rhinotracheitis (IRT) and viral diarrhea of the mucous membranes (VD-BS), a therapeutic and prophylactic agent is used, which is an alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of grass and inflorescences of purple coneflower, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots, taken in equal quantities, and for passive immunization - hyperimmune serum containing cific antibodies to viruses PG-3, TIB and VD-BS not lower titers of 1: 1280, 1: 256 and 1: 1024 respectively.

A method for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves using a therapeutic agent, which is an alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of grass and purple coneflowers, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, against the background of passive immunization in the following way.

70% alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of herbs and purple coneflowers, coltsfoot, grass harmala vulgaris and licorice roots naked in the form of a 7-8% aqueous solution prepared in boiled chilled water is used orally at a dose of 1.5- 2.0 ml / kg body weight of the animal for 15 days with an interval of 12-24 hours in addition to subcutaneous injection of hyperimmune serum containing specific antibodies to PG-3, IRT and VD-BS viruses in titers of at least 1: 1280, 1: 256 and 1: 1024, respectively, at a dose of 1.0 ml / kg of animal body weight three times an interval of 10 days.

The effectiveness of the method for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves with the use of a therapeutic and prophylactic agent, which is an alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of grass and purple echinacea inflorescences, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, against the background of passive immunization against PG-3 viruses, IRT and VD-BS were determined in scientific and production experiments in the conditions of farms, long-term unsuccessful for respiratory diseases of young animals, due to exposure I eat on the body of associations of viruses, pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora against the background of violations of the conditions for keeping cows and calves. Virological and bacteriological studies confirmed the circulation of PG-3 viruses (85.6%), IRT and VD-BS (57.5%), pasteurell, salmonella, protea and streptococci. Incidence - 50%, mortality - 15-20%. Clinically, the disease was characterized by an increase in body temperature to 41.5 °, increased heart rate to 139 beats in 1 min and breathing to 80 respiratory movements in 1 min, hyperemia of the mucous membranes extending to the nasal speculum by serous-mucous outflows from the nasal openings and eyes. In calves compelled to be killed during the acute course of the lungs, red densified areas, signs of enphysema, mucopurulent exudate in the trachea and bronchi, signs of hemorrhagic catarrhal gastroenteritis were found in the lungs. The pharyngeal and bronchial nodes are enlarged.

The essence of the method is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. Prophylactic effectiveness, depending on the dose of a therapeutic agent in accordance with the invention, was determined on clinically healthy calves 20-30 days of age, divided into 5 groups: 4 groups — experimental, 1 group — control. Calves of all groups were subcutaneously injected with hyperimmune serum containing specific antibodies to PG-3, IRT and VD-BS viruses in titres of at least 1: 1280, 1: 256 and 1: 1024, respectively, at a dose of 1.0 ml / kg of animal body weight three times with an interval of 10 days. The calves of the experimental groups additionally used the claimed agent in the form of a 7% aqueous solution for 15 days with an interval of 24 hours in doses of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 ml / kg of live weight of the animal. The results were taken into account according to the main clinical indicators (Table 1). The research results (table 1) confirmed the validity of the proposed dosage - 1.5-2.0 ml / kg of live weight of the animal. Doses below the minimum and above the maximum are not economically feasible.

Table 1 The effectiveness of the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves, depending on the dose of the therapeutic agent Indicators Prevention Method inside tincture of grass and inflorescences of purple coneflower, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, with an interval of 24 hours in a dose, ml / kg body weight subcutaneous hyperimmune serum * at a dose of 1.0 ml / kg live weight three times with an interval of 10 days n = 40 (control) 1,0 1,5 2.0 2.5 and subcutaneous hyperimmune serum * at a dose of 1.0 ml / kg live weight three times with an interval of 10 days n = 45 n = 45 n = 42 n = 42 Ill, goal. 9 5 four four 9 Preventive efficacy,% 80.0 88.5 90.5 90.5 77.5 The form of the disease,% light 7 3 3 3 2 heavy 2 2 one one 7 It’s a goal. 2 - - - four Preservation,% 95.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 90.0 * hyperimmune serum contains specific antibodies to PG-3, IRT and VD-BS viruses in titres no lower than 1: 1280, 1: 256 and 1: 1024, respectively

Example 2. The effectiveness of prevention using a therapeutic agent in accordance with the invention in comparison with known methods was determined on clinically healthy calves 20-30 days of age, divided into 4 groups. Calves of all groups were subcutaneously injected with hyperimmune serum containing specific antibodies to PG-3, IRT and VD-BS viruses in titres no lower than 1: 1280, 1: 256 and 1: 1024, respectively, at a dose of 1 ml / kg of animal body weight three times with with an interval of 10 days, additionally used orally for 15 days with an interval of 24 hours: group 1 - therapeutic and prophylactic agent in accordance with the invention in the form of a 7% aqueous solution at a dose of 2.0 ml / kg of animal body weight; 2nd group - water extract from perforated St. John's wort herbs, creeping thyme, peppermint and coltsfoot, taken in equal amounts, in a dose of 100 ml, 3rd group - infusion of medicinal herbs, including dioecious nettle, large burdock , pharmacy chamomile, common oregano, perforated St. John's wort, common wormwood, large plantain, coltsfoot, sowing oats, taken in equal quantities, in a dose of 300 ml. In the 4th group, additional drugs were not used. The animals were clinically monitored for a month. The results are presented in table.2.

Studies have shown that the therapeutic and prophylactic agent has a variety of pharmacological activity, significantly increases the oxidation-reduction processes in the body, activates a number of enzyme systems, and stimulates the body's resistance of the calves to harmful environmental influences, infections, and other adverse factors. The therapeutic and prophylactic agent is non-toxic, contains bioavailable useful biologically active substances, and its use has a preventive focus and has a positive effect during the period of the disease.

Information sources

1. Danilevsky V.M. Internal non-communicable diseases of farm animals. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1991 .-- P.148.

2. Sat. Om.SHI. - Omsk, 1987 .-- P.81.

3. Quick reference veterinarian / Altukhov N.M., Afanasyev V.I., Bashkirov B.A. and others. - M .: VO Agropromizdat, 1990. - P.368-369.

4. Veterinary medicine, No. 4, S.11-13.

5. RU 2250110 C1, 2005.

6. RU 2287994, 2006.

Claims (2)

1. A therapeutic and prophylactic agent for young farm animals, which is an alcohol tincture of plant materials, characterized in that as a plant material a mixture of equal amounts of grass and inflorescences of purple coneflower, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice root is used, vegetable raw materials are poured with ethyl alcohol of 70% concentration at a ratio of 1:10, kept in a dark place at a temperature of 15-20 ° C for 7 days, filtered, squeezing the raw materials, and filtered. 2. A method for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves, including passive immunization, characterized in that passive immunization is carried out by subcutaneous injection of hyperimmune serum containing specific antibodies to the viruses PG-3, IRT and VD-BS in titres no lower than 1: 1280, 1: 256 and 1: 1024, respectively, at a dose of 1.0 ml / kg of animal’s live weight three times with an interval of 10 days and additionally, the therapeutic and prophylactic agent according to claim 1 is used inside, in the form of an aqueous solution of 7-8% concentration in a dose of 1.5-2 , 0 ml / kg of live weight of the animal for 15 days with inte shaft in 12-24 hours.