RU2461385C1 - Method of preventing respiratory diseases in calves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to veterinary science. The calves are treated with an alcoholate of the ground herbal mixture and blossom clusters of purple Echinacea, coltsfoot, herb of harmala shrub and roots of common licorice taken in equal proportions. The preparation is sprayed in the form of 3.5-5.0% aqueous solution at 1.5-2.5 ml/m³ for 40-60 minutes by three three-day courses every 48 hours.

EFFECT: method ensures higher prevention effectiveness.

4 tbl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine, in particular to the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves.

In terms of breadth of spread, mortality, forced slaughter, and underweight of respiratory diseases, calves prevail over other diseases. So in some farms the death of calves in combination with forced slaughter is 40-55%, the payback of feed in sick and ill animals is reduced by 2-3 times. According to some reports, out of 100 heifers with bronchopneumonia, 8 remain infertile, 12 are fertilized 3 months later, in 40% of calving the first lactation decreases by 20% /http:/www.tdbioprom.ru/. The initial mechanism of acute respiratory diseases of calves is viruses (mainly parainfluenza-3 viruses, infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea - mucosal diseases, respiratory syncytial virus), which cause damage to the hereditary structure of cells, which reduces resistance to bacterial infections. Massive respiratory diseases occur as mixed viral and viral-bacterial infections, which are characterized by a particularly malignant course, which are difficult to diagnose, since a secondary bacterial infection “masks” the primary viral disease. The dissemination of viruses in the environment leads to the constant involvement of new animals in the epizootic process. The presence of pathogens not only in the affected respiratory organs, but also in the external environment complicates the fight against respiratory diseases and contributes to the formation of stationary dysfunctions. In practice, the effectiveness of methods for the prevention and treatment of massive respiratory diseases of young farm animals using aerosols of drugs that simultaneously sanitize both indoor air and respiratory tract respiratory tracts has been confirmed.

Known methods for the prevention and treatment of bronchopneumonia of young farm animals, including the treatment of animals and the air space of the room with aerosols of triethylene glycol, lactic acid, chlorine preparations / 1 /. A common disadvantage of these methods is low efficiency, due to the fact that disinfection of the air is ensured, but not the sanitation of the respiratory tract.

Still known methods of controlling respiratory diseases of young farm animals by inhalation of aerosols of iodine preparations / 2, 3 /. The effectiveness of the known methods is reduced due to the partial inactivation of iodine in contact with gaseous ammonia present in livestock buildings. There are also known methods for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves by inhalation of aerosols of biologically active preparations, for example, non-specific immunoglobulin and blood serum of animals-convalescents / 4 /, hyperimmune serum / 5 / in combination with antibacterial agents, for example, tetracycline / 6 /, furagin / 7 /, furazolidone / 8 / or immunostimulants, for example, quacicline, zoolan, glycopine / 9 /. However, these methods are not effective enough for respiratory pathologies of calves: when using biological drugs - because of the inability to create the necessary concentration of aerosols, when using antibacterial drugs - because of the emergence of highly resistant strains of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora, as well as the occurrence of relapses and the presence of immunosuppressive action antibiotics. When using biological preparations with immunomodulators (based on 100 ml of serum: quacicline - 0.8 g, zoolan - 0.06 g, glycopin - 0.06 g) three times with an interval of 10 days with an exposure of 60 minutes, a sufficiently high efficiency is ensured.

Aerosol therapy methods using biologically active substances of plant origin - phytoncides are also known. Of all known phytoncides, the most studied are essential oils that have antimicrobial activity against many groups of microorganisms. So, terpene compounds of the essential oils of thyme, sage, essential oil rose, mint, yarrow, nasturtium, lavender and petunia are active against streptococcus, hemophilus, Escherichia coli, while Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and / / vulgar protube are resistant to these compounds . The immunomodulatory effect of essential oils on the human and animal body, which extends to the main links of the immune system, has been revealed. At the same time, part of the essential oil plants inhibits antibody production, while the other stimulates the production of antibodies. However, the inhalation use of essential oils in the form of aerosols has the following disadvantages: irritating effect on takni and especially mucous membranes, poor solubility in aqueous media, which leads to slow absorption and inactivation in the gastrointestinal tract, possible allergic reactions, the occurrence of edema and bronchospasm.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the effectiveness of preventive measures in the fight against respiratory diseases of young cattle.

The solution to this problem is achieved in that the animals are treated with an aerosol of a medicinal product, which is an alcohol tincture of a crushed plant mixture of grass and purple coneflower, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts. The ingredients used are widely used in herbal medicine.

The rationale for choosing the components of the composition was data on the pharmacological properties and chemical composition of the medicinal plant material. Each component contains biologically active substances that act simultaneously on all links of pathogenesis, the symptoms of inflammatory diseases of the respiratory organs, and also have a pronounced antimicrobial effect on pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora in the external environment. The claimed collection has a bronchodilator effect, promotes sputum discharge, has anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, exhibits antiviral and antimicrobial activity, helps restore the functions of the bronchopulmonary system, has detoxification properties, regulates metabolic processes and increases the body's resistance.

The grass and inflorescences of purple coneflower have immunomodulating activity, inhibit the activity of hyaluronidase, an enzyme that increases the permeability of viruses and microbes, increase the antimicrobial activity of leukocytes, macrophages and blood neutrophils and increase the synthesis of protective antibodies and endogenous interferon.

Grass and inflorescences of coltsfoot have an enveloping effect on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, throat and larynx, protecting them from irritation (due to the presence of mucus), soften and thin the dry secretion in the upper respiratory tract, restore the natural movement of the ciliary epithelium in the trachea and bronchi , contribute to faster evacuation of inflammatory products and significantly improve expectoration of sputum (due to the presence of mucus, saponins and organic acids), have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, a significant decrease in hyperemia of the mucous membranes, and bacteriostatic properties.

The grass of harmonica vulgaris has a pronounced antimicrobial activity, confirmed by pharmacological studies, provides a bronchodilator action of the collection, promotes the discharge of sputum.

The roots and rhizomes of licorice naked provide bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory action of the collection. In addition, they enhance the healing effects of other herbs included in the collection.

The chemical composition of the medicinal composition is represented by a complex of biologically active substances providing its high pharmacological effect. The dominant biologically active substances are flavonoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, tannins, vitamins, trace elements (zinc, selenium, copper, iron).

Flavonoids (containing all components) inhibit the enzyme catechol-ortho-methyltransferase and provide the adaptive-trophic function of the body due to the adrenoprolonging effect. Flavonoids have P-vitamin (capillary-strengthening) activity. In the total anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids, their direct effect on cell and tissue membranes is important - a decrease in their permeability, densification of lysosome membranes, inhibition of hyaluronidase, antagonistic effect against inflammatory mediators / 9 /. Polysaccharides (contain all components) have anti-inflammatory and immunocorrective effects. They stimulate nonspecific immunity and phagocytosis, the activity of macrophages and neutrophils, as well as bactericidal function of cells.

78% of the total amount of alkaloids contained in the grass of common harmonica is peganin. Pharmacological studies have shown that 1% and 10% infusions of common harmonica grass have high antistaphylococcal activity, and a 0.25% peganin solution has high antimicrobial activity.

Tannins (licorice - up to 9.46%, coltsfoot - at least 8.0%, purple coneflower - 5.56-5.67%), exhibiting a membrane-stabilizing effect, restore repair processes in hepatocytes and improve performance antioxidant system.

Vitamins (vitamin C - coltsfoot grass - 250 mg%, purple grass and inflorescences of Echinacea - 230 mg%, licorice - 10-30 mg%; vitamin E - licorice - 5 mg%; provitamin A - echinacea purpurea - 8.56-10.2 mg%, coltsfoot - 5.18 mg%) participate in all metabolic processes, increase the body's resistance to diseases, have anti-inflammatory effects, and contribute to detoxification of the body.

Zinc (naked licorice - 0.33 μg / g, common harmonica - 0.78 μg / g) is involved in the body's immune processes, selenium (naked licorice - 12.14 μg / g, ordinary harmala - 1.0 μg / g , coltsfoot - 22.9 mcg / g) is a powerful antioxidant, iron (echinacea purpurea - 48 mg / 100 g, harmala vulgaris - 0.14 mg / g, licorice - 0.7 mg / g) - the main structural component of blood and heme-containing enzymes, as well as in combination with cobalt (coltsfoot - 4.0 μg / g, common harmala - 0.4 μg / g, naked licorice - 0.03 μg / g) stimulates effect on immunogenesis with irusnyh infections, copper (mother coltsfoot - 0.43 g / g, Peganum harmala - 0.37 g / g, liquorice - 0.2 g / g) increases the functional activity of leukocytes, lysozyme and bactericidal activity of blood serum.

All plants of the medicinal composition have an antimicrobial effect, and the herb and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea have a virus-neutralizing property. Anti-inflammatory (coltsfoot, echinacea purpurea, licorice naked), expectorant (coltsfoot, licorice naked), antispasmodic (common harmonica, coltsfoot) actions reduce pathogenetic changes, and immunomodulatory effect of echinacea purpurea naked enhances the protective and compensatory mechanisms of the body.

The method is as follows.

The processing of animals is carried out in livestock buildings or in specially equipped pressurized chambers with sewage and supply and exhaust ventilation using a supersonic aerosol nozzle for spraying. The drug, which is an alcohol tincture of a plant mixture of herbs and inflorescences of purple coneflower, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, in the form of 3.5-5.0% aqueous solution, is sprayed at the rate 1.5-2.5 ml / m ³ for 40-60 minutes in three three-day courses with an interval between them of 48 hours.

To prepare the medicinal product, the grass and inflorescences of purple coneflower, coltsfoot, grass, harmonica vulgaris and licorice roots are crushed (in dry form) according to the State Pharmacopoeia and mixed in equal amounts. The raw material is placed in a glass vessel and moistened, pouring the extractor (70% ethyl alcohol) in a ratio of 1:10. Discharge of the finished product is obtained after 7 days.

In accordance with the classification of toxicity of substances according to GOST 12.1.007-88, the drug can be rated as relatively safe, because when determining the parameters of acute toxicity in mice weighing 20.0 g, its 20% and 40% aqueous solutions showed LD _{50 of} more than 17.8 g / kg body weight, and with intrauterine administration - more than 3.0 g / kg body weight.

The effectiveness of the method for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves of a polyetiological nature was determined in scientific and production experiments under conditions of a long-term adverse respiratory disease caused by exposure to the organism of virus associations, pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora against the background of violation of the conditions of keeping and feeding of pregnant cows and calves. Virological and bacteriological studies have confirmed the etiological role of PG-3, IRT, VD-BS, pasteurell, Salmonella, Proteus and Escherichia viruses. Incidence - 60-80%, mortality - up to 20%.

The essence of the method is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. Preventive efficacy depending on the dose of the drug was determined on clinically healthy calves 30-45 days of age, divided into 6 groups: 5 groups - experimental, 1 group - control. The calves of the experimental groups were treated with an aerosol of a medicinal product, which is an alcohol tincture of a shredded plant mixture of grass and purple coneflower, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, in the form of a 3.5% aqueous solution in three three-day courses with an interval between them of 48 hours for 40 minutes at the rate of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 ml / m ^3, respectively. The calves of the control group were treated with an aerosol of alcohol tincture of coltsfoot in the form of a 3.5% aqueous solution at the rate of 3.0 ml / m ³ , as in the experimental groups. Clinical observations of experimental and control calves were carried out for one month. The results were taken into account by the main clinical indicators (table 1).

Table 1
The effectiveness of the preventive course depending on the dose of the drug Groups of animals Experience the control Indicators 1-n = 28 2-n = 28 3-n = 28 4-n = 28 5-n = 28 6-n = 28 The dose of herbal medicine, ml / m ³ 1,0 1,5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Ill, goal. (%) 7 (25.0) 2 (7.1) 0 0 0 6 (27.3) Palo, goal (%) 4 (14.2) 0 0 0 0 3 (13.6) Preventive efficacy,% 75.0 92.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 72.7 The form of the disease,% light 3 2 - - - 2 heavy four four Preservation,% 86.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 86.4 The average daily weight gain, g 428.0 ± 70.0 560.0 ± 20.0 593.0 ± 30.0 625.0 ± 28.0 626.0 ± 22.0 428.0 ± 21.0

As can be seen from table 1, prophylactic efficacy in the experimental groups was 75.0, 92.9, 100.0, 100.0 and 100.0% compared with 72.7% in the control, and the disease proceeded mainly in a mild form. The results showed that the dose of the drug is less than the minimum did not provide an increase in prophylactic efficacy relative to the control, and increasing the dose above the maximum is impractical, since it did not provide an increase in prophylactic efficacy relative to the declared dose (1.5-2.5 ml / m ³ ).

Example 2. Prophylactic effectiveness depending on the concentration of the drug was determined on clinically healthy calves 30-45 days of age, divided into 5 groups: 4 groups - experimental, 1 group - control. The calves of the experimental groups were treated with an aerosol of a medicinal product, which is an alcohol tincture of a crushed plant mixture of grass and purple echinacea inflorescences, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, at a rate of 2.5 ml / three three-day courses with an interval between them of 48 hours for 60 minutes in the form of an aqueous solution of 3.0, 3.5, 5.0 and 5.5% concentration, respectively. The calves of the control group were treated with an aerosol of alcohol tincture of coltsfoot in the form of a 3.5% aqueous solution at the rate of 3.0 ml / m ³ , as in the experimental groups. Preventive effectiveness was: experience - 80.0, 100.0, 100.0 and 94.5%, respectively, control - 80.0%. The results showed that the concentration of the drug is less than the minimum did not provide an increase in prophylactic efficacy relative to the control, and an increase in the concentration above the maximum is impractical, since it did not provide an increase in prophylactic efficacy relative to the declared concentration (3.5-5.0%).

Example 3. The effect of the drug on the immunological status of calves was studied in 2 groups of clinically healthy calves 10-15 days of age, 20 animals each. The calves of the experimental group were treated with an aerosol of a medicinal product, which is an alcohol tincture of a crushed plant mixture of grass and purple echinacea inflorescences, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, in the form of a 3.5% aqueous solution 3.0 ml / m ^{3 in} three three-day courses with an interval between them of 48 hours for 40 minutes. The calves of the control group were not subjected to treatment. The parameters of the immunological status of calves were studied according to generally accepted modern biology tests. Blood was taken before the start (background) and 5-7 days after the end of the course of prevention. The results are presented in table 2. Background studies showed the presence of secondary immunodeficiency, characterized by a decrease in the relative and absolute content of T and B lymphocytes with a violation of their ratios, the functional activity of blood neutrophils, a decrease in the level of immunoglobulins G and M, bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum. 20 days after the start of the course of prophylaxis in the experimental group, an increase in the indices of cellular and humoral links of immunity was observed compared to the control. So, the relative content of T-lymphocytes increased by 44.17%, the relative content of B-lymphocytes - by 41.77%. A significant increase was noted in other indicators: the functional activity of blood neutrophils in the spontaneous test - by 89.19%, in the induced test - by 80.31%, lysozyme activity of blood serum - by 144.44%, bactericidal activity of blood serum - by 62, 91% The obtained results confirmed that the high prophylactic efficacy of the claimed method was provided by immunocorrection of key broken links of the immune system and an increase in natural resistance.

table 2
The effect of inhalation of the drug on the immunobiological parameters of calves Indicators* Calf groups Conditional control ** experienced control T-lymphocytes,%

32.0 ± 1.4 B-lymphocytes,%

10.6 ± 0.4 Functional activity of blood neutrophils,% - spontaneous test

6.7 ± 0.1 - induced test

29.3 ± 0.7 Lysozyme activity of blood serum,%

5.9 ± 0.3 Bactericidal activity of blood serum,%

53.4 ± 1.5 Note: * in the numerator - indicators at the beginning, in the denominator - indicators in 5-7 days after the end of the experiment
** clinically healthy calves 30-35 days of age of a calf respiratory disease-free farm

Example 4. The comparative effectiveness of the claimed and known methods for the prevention of respiratory diseases was studied on clinically healthy calves 30-35 days of age of three calves with 120 goals each. Schemes of preventive treatments in groups: the first group - inhalation of aerosols of a medicinal product, which is an alcohol tincture of a shredded vegetable mixture of grass and purple coneflower, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, in the form of 3, 5% aqueous solution at the rate of 3.0 ml / m ^{3 in} three three-day courses with an interval between them of 48 hours for 40 minutes; the second group - inhalation of blood serum of animals of convalescents at a dose of 15 ml per head in combination with tetracycline at a dose of 3 thousand units / kg of live weight of the animal three times with an interval of 3 days for 60 minutes; the third group - inhalation of aerosols of iodotriethylene glycol in combination with lactic acid in three three-day courses with an interval between them of 2 days at a rate of 1.0 ml / m for 30 minutes. The treatment was carried out in livestock buildings in the presence of animals. The results were taken into account according to the main clinical and immunobiological indicators (tables 3 and 4).

Table 3
The comparative effectiveness of the claimed and known methods for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves Indicators Prevention Method 1st group, n = 112 2nd group, n = 112 3rd group, n = 112 Inhalation of aerosols of alcohol tinctures of a plant mixture of herbs and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea, coltsfoot grass, common harmonica grass and licorice root (claimed method) Inhalation of blood serum of animals-convalescents in combination with tetracycline Inhalation of iodotriethylene glycol aerosols in combination with lactic acid Ill, goal. 5 12 fifteen Preventive efficacy,% 95.5 89.3 86.6 Diagnosis PG-3 PG-3, IRT PG-3, IRT, VD-BS The form of the disease,% - light four 5 7 - heavy one 7 8 Duration of the disease, days 10 fourteen 12

Table 4
Immunobiological indicators of clinically healthy calves, depending on the method of prevention Indicators ^∗ Prevention Method Conditional control Inhalation aerosol alcohol tinctures of the herbal mixture (the claimed method) Inhalation of blood serum of animals-convalescents in combination (tetracycline Inhalation of iodotriethylene glycol aerosols in combination with lactic acid T-lymphocytes,%

32.0 ± 1.4 B-lymphocytes,%

10.6 ± 0.8 Functional activity of blood neutrophils,% - spontaneous test

6.7 ± 0.1 - induced test

29.3 ± 0.7 Lysozyme activity of blood serum,%

5.0 ± 0.3 Bactericidal activity of blood serum,%

73.4 ± 1.5 Immunoglobulins, mg / ml

12.9 ± 0.3 G M

2.6 ± 0.07 Note: ^∗ in the numerator - indicators at the beginning, in the denominator - indicators 5 days after the end of the experiment ^∗∗ clinically healthy calves 30-35 days old calf respiratory disease-free calves

Immunonological studies evaluating the immune status revealed immunodeficiency in clinically healthy calves, characterized by a decrease in the relative content of T and B lymphocytes, the functional activity of blood neutrophils, a decrease in the level of immunoglobulins G and M, bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum. After prophylactic treatments in all groups, a positive dynamics of changes in immunological parameters was noted, which is more pronounced in the first group (table 4). The activation of protective mechanisms in all recorded parameters ensured an increase in preventive effectiveness (table 3). Thus, the incidence and duration of the disease were the lowest in group 1, respectively, 4.5% and 10 days. Moreover, the disease proceeded in a milder form.

The studies conducted by the authors showed that the method for the prevention of respiratory diseases by inhalation of a medicinal product, which is an alcohol tincture of a crushed plant mixture of grass and purple coneflower, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots taken in equal amounts, provides an adequate level of intensity protective reactions in clinically healthy calves, which translates into an increase in prophylactic efficacy, as well as an increase in cases of lung disease th form, treatable, and shorten the duration of treatment.

Information sources

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Claims (1)

A method for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves, including treating animals in a room with aerosols of a medicinal product based on plant materials, characterized in that the medicinal product is an alcohol tincture of a crushed plant mixture and purple blossoms, coltsfoot, common harmonica grass and licorice roots taken in equal amounts, which is sprayed as a 3.5-5.0% aqueous solution at the rate of 1.5-2.5 ml / m ³ within 40-60 minutes three day course with intervals between the audio and 48 hours.