RU2494749C1 - Method of preventing respiratory diseases in calves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to veterinary science. The method for preventing respiratory diseases in calves involves the immunisation by subcutaneous injections of donor animals' hyperimmune blood serum containing antihemagglutinin in titres to herpes virus -3 1:1280, to rednose virus - min. 1:256, to viral diarrhoea -1:1024 and to adenovirus -1:128; besides, 20-30 minutes before feeding, a pytopreparation of an alcohol tincture prepared of purple echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L) herb and blossom, common pine (Pinus sylvestris) buttons, horseheal (Inula helenium) roots and rhizomes, common liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) roots and harmala shrub (Peganum harmala) herb taken in relation 1:1:1:1:0.5 in the amount of 7-8% of aqueous solution is administered in a dose of 2.0-2.5 ml/kg of body weight for 15 days every 24 hours.

EFFECT: invention provides the optimum preventive effect which is expressed in reducing the number of infected calves and milder course.

1 cl, 3 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to veterinary support for animals, in particular to methods for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves.

Syndrome of acute respiratory viral infections in calves develops when exposed to respiratory viruses, mainly parainfluenza-3 (PG-3), infectious rhinotracheitis (IRT), viral mucous diarrhea (VD-BS) and adenoviruses, against the background of adverse environmental factors. Viral agents cause primary damage to the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, exerting an immunosuppressive effect on the local immunity of the respiratory tract, which facilitates the penetration of bacterial microflora into the lungs, which complicates the pathological process. Respiratory diseases often occur as mixed infections (virus + virus; virus + virus + virus; virus + bacteria; virus + virus + bacteria).

To combat cattle viral diseases, live and inactivated mono- and combined vaccines and schemes for their use have been proposed. However, due to the immunobiological characteristics of these diseases, vaccine prophylaxis was not as effective as in a number of other viral diseases of humans and animals. Successful control of the above-mentioned viral diseases of cattle requires the creation of long-term intense immunity in the entire population of a dysfunctional farm, which can be achieved by the systematic use of high-quality combination vaccines for several years III. This feature of the vaccine prophylaxis of these diseases in cattle very often does not solve the problem of calf protection, which depends mainly on colostral antibodies obtained with colostrum of mothers. The level of colostral antibodies to respiratory viruses PG-3 and VD-BS in postnatal calves is not uniform; in 20–40% of samples, antibodies to these pathogens are absent.

To compensate for the deficiency of passive immunity in calves, methods for introducing specific antibodies contained, for example, in the blood serum of animal convalescents 121 or hyperimmune serum / 3 / are known.

As the closest analogue, a method for the prevention of respiratory pathologies of young cattle using hyperimmune blood serum of animal donors containing anti-hemagglutinins in titers: to viruses PG-3 1: 1280, IRT - not lower than 1: 256, VD-BS - is considered 1: 1024 and to adenovirus - 1: 128, which is injected subcutaneously three times with an interval of 1-12 days at a dose of 1.0 ml / kg 141. With local administration of sera, immunity is immediately achieved after 12-24 hours. A common disadvantage of the known methods is the relatively low effectiveness due to the involvement in pathological processes in respiratory diseases of not only the lungs, but also other organs and systems.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of the simultaneous specific effects on the pathogen, increase the overall resistance of the organism, tonic effect and supporting the body functions, as well as the normalization of the gastrointestinal tract.

This goal is achieved by the use of a herbal preparation in addition to passive immunization with hyperimmune blood serum of animal donors. The phytopreparation is an alcohol tincture obtained from the grass and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea (Echinacea purpurea L), common pine buds (Pinus sylvestris), roots and rhizomes of Elecampane high (Inula helenium), and licorice roots of grass (Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and L.) ordinary (Peganum harmala), taken in a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1: 0.5.

The ingredients of the complex drug used are widely used in herbal medicine. The rationale for choosing the components of the composition was data on the pharmacological properties and chemical composition of the medicinal plant material. Each component contains biologically active substances that act simultaneously on all links of pathogenesis, the symptoms of inflammatory diseases of the respiratory organs, and also have a pronounced antimicrobial effect on pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora.

The grass and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea have immunomodulating activity, inhibit the activity of hyaluronidase, an enzyme that enhances the permeability of cell membranes for viruses and microbes, increase the antimicrobial activity of leukocytes, macrophages and blood neutrophils and increase the synthesis of protective antibodies and endogenous interferon.

The buds of ordinary pine have disinfectant, phytoncide, expectorant, vitamin and soothing properties, effectively prevent the spread of microbial and viral infections in the body.

Rhizomes and roots of Elecampane high have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, bactericidal, antifungal, hemostatic, expectorant properties.

Licorice roots are an antiseptic, increase the production of hormones in the adrenal cortex, regulate the water-salt balance of the body, lower the temperature, promote sputum discharge, increase diuresis, and perspiration.

The grass of harmonica vulgaris has a pronounced antimicrobial activity, confirmed by pharmacological studies, provides a bronchodilator action of the collection, promotes the discharge of sputum.

All plants of the phytopreparation have an antimicrobial effect, and the herb and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea have a virus-neutralizing property, ordinary pine buds prevent the spread of viral infection in the body, which eliminates (attenuates) the causes of the disease, anti-inflammatory (elecampane high, echinacea purpurea), expectorant kidney ( ), antispasmodic (elecampane high) action reduces pathogenetic changes, and immunomodulatory activity of Echinacea purpurea enhances protective, to mpensatorno-adaptive mechanisms of the body.

The high efficiency of the phytopreparation is achieved due to the combination of a whole complex of biologically active substances, as a result of which there is a mutual strengthening of the beneficial pharmacological properties of each individual component.

An example of a herbal preparation.

0.45 kg of air-dry collection is crushed to a particle size of 3 mm Then the crushed collection using a sieve with a hole diameter of 0.25 mm is freed from dust (particles less than 0.25 mm) and get 0.45 kg of finished raw materials (expenditure coefficient equal to 1.03), which is placed in a dark glass vessel, pour 4500 ml of 70% ethyl alcohol, kept in a dark place at a temperature of 18-20 ° C for 7 days and filtered through canvas, squeezing the raw materials. Herbal medicine is used in the form of a 7-8% aqueous solution.

The method is as follows.

Clinically healthy calves 20-30 days of age three times with an interval of 10-12 days are subcutaneously injected with hyperimmune blood serum of animal donors containing antihemagglutinins in the titers for viruses PG-3-1: 1280, IRT - not lower than 1: 256, VD- BS - 1: 1024 and to adenovirus - 1: 128, at a dose of 1.0 ml / kg and additionally inside, 20-30 minutes before feeding, phytopreparation is used inside at a dose of 2.0-2.5 ml / kg of live weight for 15 days with an interval of 24 hours.

The effectiveness of prevention was determined in the farms of the Nizhny Novgorod region in acute respiratory diseases of calves due to the association of bacteria and viruses. Serological examination of sick calves in RTGA and RIGA revealed antibodies to the PG-3 virus in 40.4% of animals in titers of 1: 64-1: 256, and for adenovirus in 16.8% of animals in titers of 1: 16-1: 64. However, adenovirus infection was more often reported in calves older than 30 days of age. When determining the causes of acute respiratory diseases of calves aged 14-40 days, it was found that the decisive condition for the occurrence and spread of respiratory diseases was a decrease in the general non-specific resistance and immunobiological reactivity of the animal organism as a result of various adverse factors associated with malnutrition, microclimate errors, irregular exercise, high concentration and crowding of livestock, various violations of veterinary tare requirements and rules for the selection, transportation, recruiting groups of calves. Against the background of a decrease in the level of non-specific resistance, the pathogenic effect of various microflora and viruses intensified.

The essence of the method is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. Efficiency, depending on the parameters of the proposed method (dose of herbal medicine) was determined in an experiment on clinically healthy calves of 20 days of age. The calves selected by the analogue method were divided into five groups: four groups — experimental, 1 group — control. The calves of all groups were injected subcutaneously three times with an interval of 10 days with hyperimmune blood serum of animal donors containing anti-hemagglutinins in the titers for PG-3 viruses of 1: 1280, IRT - not lower than 1: 256, VD-BS - 1: 1024 and to adenovirus - 1: 128, at a dose of 1.0 ml / kg, calves of the experimental groups additionally 30 minutes before feeding inside used a phytopreparation based on alcohol tinctures from grass and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea L), ordinary pine buds (Pinus sylvestris), roots and rhizomes of Elecampane high (Inula helenium), licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) and grass g RMAL ordinary (Peganum harmala) as an aqueous solution of 7% concentration for 15 days with an interval of 24 hours at doses of 1,5,2,0 and 2,5 and 3,0 ml / kg body weight. Calves of the control group received no additional drugs. The effectiveness of prevention was evaluated by the main clinical indicators (table 1). The best indicators were obtained in groups 2 and 3, which confirms the validity of the proposed dose. During the experiment, 2 calves in the first group and 1 calf in the second, third and fourth groups fell ill in the experimental groups, 3 calves in the control group. The calves were ill mainly in a mild form and were easily amenable to medication (nitrofuran drugs). Symptoms of the disease in them disappeared after 14 days, in calves of the control group - after 16 days.

Table 1 The effectiveness of the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves, depending on the dose of herbal medicine Indicators Groups of animals experienced control immunization with subcutaneous three-time injections with an interval of 10 days between injections of hyperimmune blood serum of animal donors containing anti-hemagglutinins in titers for PG-3 viruses of 1: 1280, ИРТ - not lower than 1: 256, VD-BS-1: 1024 and to adenovirus - 1: 128, at a dose of 1.0 ml / kg a phytopreparation based on alcohol tincture from grass and inflorescences of purple coneflower, ordinary pine buds, roots and rhizomes of elecampane high, licorice roots and common harmonica grass in the form of an aqueous solution of 7% concentration for 15 days with an interval of 24 hours in a dose, ml / kg live weight no drugs used 1,5 2.0 2,5 3.0 Number of animals, goal. 22 24 22 twenty eighteen Ill, goal. 2 one one one 3 The form of the disease, goal. - light one one one one one - heavy one 2 It’s fallen, a goal. one 0 0 0 2 Efficiency% 90.9 95.8 95.5 95.0 83.3

The best indicators were obtained in groups 2 and 3, which confirms the validity of the proposed dose. During the experiment, 2 calves in the first group and 1 calf in the second, third and fourth groups fell ill in the experimental groups, 3 calves in the control group. The calves were mainly ill in mild form and were easily amenable to medication (nitrofuran drugs). Symptoms of the disease in them disappeared after 14 days, in calves of the control group - after 16 days.

Example 2. The comparative effectiveness of methods for the prevention of respiratory diseases was determined in an experiment on clinically healthy calves of 30 days of age. The calves selected according to the principle of analogs were divided into 4 groups. Calves of the first group were treated with the method in accordance with the invention (the concentration of an aqueous solution of a phytopreparation was 8%), calves of the second group were immunized with intramuscular injections of blood serum of convalescents in a dose of 15 ml for 7 days with an interval of 24 hours (analogue method), calves of the third group were immunized with subcutaneous three injections with an interval of 10 days between injections of hyperimmune blood serum of animal donors containing anti-hemagglutinins in the titers for PG-3 viruses of 1: 1280, ИРТ - not lower than 1: 256, VD-BS - 1: 1024 and to adenovir su - 1: 128, in a dose of 1.0 ml / kg (method-prototype). Calves of the fourth group of drugs were not received and served as a control. The effectiveness of prevention was evaluated by the main clinical indicators (table 2).

table 2 The comparative effectiveness of the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves, depending on the dose of herbal medicine Indicators Groups of animals 1st 2nd 3rd 4th way of prevention without the use of drugs in accordance with the invention analog prototype the control Number of animals, goal. 45 thirty 40 42 Ill, goal. 2 9 6 eleven The form of the disease, goal. - light 2 four four 6 - heavy one 5 2 5 It’s fallen, a goal. - 3 2 5 Efficiency% 95.6 70.0 85.0 73.8 Preservation,% 100.0 90.0 95.0 88 1

As can be seen from table 2, the claimed method provided the optimal prophylactic effect, which was expressed in reducing the number of diseased calves and a milder form of the disease and increasing the safety to 100%. After recovery, the calves of the first group developed well, their reactions to external stimuli were restored, they were mobile and active. At the beginning of the experiment, blood screening studies were performed in calves of the first and control groups, and subsequently (7 days after the end of the experiment) changes in the calf’s body were monitored by the following indicators: functional activity of blood neutrophils, bactericidal (BASK) and lysozyme (LASK) activity blood serum, the relative and absolute number of T and B lymphocytes, the level of immunoglobulins (table 3).

Table 3 Change in immunobiological parameters of blood of calves after a course of prevention of the claimed method Indicators Groups of animals Experienced Control T-lymphocytes,%

$$\frac{23,\mathrm{one}\pm 0,9}{3\mathrm{one},0\pm \mathrm{one},2}$$

$$\frac{23,\mathrm{one}\pm 0,9}{2\mathrm{four},2\pm 0,\mathrm{four}}$$

T-lymphocytes, 10 ^u / l $$\frac{\mathrm{one},\mathrm{four}\pm 0,0\mathrm{one}}{\mathrm{one},6\pm 0,002}$$

$$\frac{\mathrm{one},\mathrm{four}\pm 0,3}{\mathrm{one},\mathrm{four}\pm 0,02}$$

B-lymphocytes,% $$\frac{5,9\pm 0,\mathrm{four}}{8,6\pm 0,\mathrm{four}}$$

$$\frac{5,8\pm 0,3}{6,0\pm 0,7}$$

B-lymphocytes, 10 ⁹ / L $$\frac{0,\mathrm{four}\pm 0,03}{0,6\pm 0,0\mathrm{one}}$$

$$\frac{0,\mathrm{four}\pm 0,02}{0,\mathrm{four}\pm 0,02}$$

Functional activity of blood neutrophils,% - spontaneous test $$\frac{\mathrm{four},6\pm 0,3}{6,2\pm 0,\mathrm{four}}$$

$$\frac{\mathrm{four},5\pm 0,3}{\mathrm{four},8\pm \mathrm{one},0}$$

- induced test $$\frac{\mathrm{one}5,8\pm 0,9}{23,\mathrm{four}\pm \mathrm{one},\mathrm{four}}$$

$$\frac{\mathrm{one}5,9\pm \mathrm{one},2}{\mathrm{one}6,8\pm \mathrm{one},6}$$

Immunoglobulins, mg / ml - IgG $$\frac{\mathrm{one}2,0\pm 0,\mathrm{four}}{\mathrm{one}5,0\pm 0,\mathrm{one}}$$

$$\frac{\mathrm{one}2,2\pm 0,3}{\mathrm{one}2,8\pm 0,7}$$

- - IgM $$\frac{0,9\pm 0,02}{\mathrm{one},0\pm 0,02}$$

$$\frac{0,9\pm 0,0\mathrm{one}}{0,8\pm 0,0\mathrm{four}}$$

Lysozyme activity of blood serum,% $$\frac{2,\mathrm{one}\pm 0,3}{2,8\pm 0,3}$$

$$\frac{2,2\pm 0,3}{2,3\pm 0,5}$$

Bactericidal activity of blood serum,% $$\frac{79,5\pm \mathrm{one},3}{98,3\pm 2,2}$$

$$\frac{79,2\pm \mathrm{one},6}{80,\mathrm{four}\pm \mathrm{one},9}$$

Note: numerator - indicators before the experiment (background), denominator - indicators 7 days after the experiment

As a result of the analysis of research data on cellular and humoral immunity (table 3), it was found that the use of herbal preparation contributed to a significant increase in the relative content of T and B lymphocytes. In the first group, the number of T cells was 31.0 ± 1.2%, B cells - 8.6 ± 0.4%, while in the control animals the number of T and B lymphocytes was 24.2 ± 0 , 4% and 6.0 ± 0.7%

respectively. The content of class G and M immunoglobulins in all experimental animals was determined in the humoral immunity unit.

Clinical studies have shown that the claimed method provided the optimal preventive effect, which was expressed in reducing the number of sick calves and a milder form of the disease. A decrease in the incidence rate indicated an increase in resistance, which indicated an increase in the adaptive level, which confirms the achievement of the claimed technical result - an increase in prophylactic effectiveness against the background of natural virus carrying by activation of protective mechanisms for all registered parameters.

Sources of information taken into account:

1. Syurin V.N., Samuilenko A.Ya., Soloviev V.V., Fomina N.V. Viral diseases of animals, M .: VNITIBP, 1998, S.249, 155.

2. Infectious diseases of animals. Reference / Comp. Yu.F. Borisovich, L.V. Kirillov; under the editorship of D.F. Osidze - M: Agropromizdat, 1987 - S.99.

3. Immunoprophylaxis of animal diseases Per. with him. N.B. Chernykh - M .: Kolos, 1981. -P.274-277

4. Sisyagin P.N., Rejepova G.R., Vtyurin SV., Pereverzentsev P.A. Immuno-modulators in the immunoprophylaxis of viral respiratory diseases of calves // Scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of infectious, invasive and non-communicable diseases of farm animals: collection of works / NIVI NZ RF. - N. Novgorod, 2004. - S. 101-105.

Claims (1)

A method for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves, including immunization with subcutaneous injections of hyperimmune blood serum of animal donors containing anti-hemagglutinins in titers for PG-3 viruses of 1: 1280, IRT - not lower than 1: 256, VD-BS - 1: 1024 and to adenovirus - 1 : 128, characterized in that, in addition, 20-30 minutes before feeding, a phytopreparation is used based on an alcohol tincture obtained from the grass and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea L, ordinary pine buds (Pinus sylvestris), roots and rhizomes of elecampane high ( Inula helenium), Licorice Roots (Glycyr rhiza glabra L.) and common harmonica grass (Peganum harmala), taken in the ratio 1: 1: 1: 1: 0.5, in the form of a 7-8% aqueous solution in a dose of 2.0-2.5 ml / kg body weight for 15 days with an interval of 24 hours