RU2496757C1 - Method of producing pellet powder for small arms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of pellet powder for small arms. The method involves preparing powder lacquer by first feeding powder mass, water and ethyl acetate into a reactor, adding hexogene and mixing until complete hexogene completely dissolves in ethyl acetate, after which recyclable process wastes are added. The remaining portion of the powder mass is then added and powder lacquer is prepared. The method provides uniform distribution of hexogene inside powder particles, which enables uniform combustion of the powder charge.

EFFECT: obtained powder has high energy characteristics and can be used for a 9 mm pistol cartridge.

1 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of production of spherical powders (TFP) for small arms.

Known patents are US Pat. sodium sulfate and remove solvent from the powder elements.

A disadvantage of the known methods for producing TFP is that a further increase in the energy of gunpowder is impossible.

As a prototype, the authors selected application No. 201004370/05 (001895) dated January 18, 2010. “A method for producing spherical powder for a 9 mm pistol cartridge”, including preparation of powder varnish in an aqueous medium, dispersion onto spherical particles, dehydration of powder elements with sodium sulfate and removal of solvent from them, while initially preparing a plasticized powder mass, consisting of 68 ... 72 wt.% pyroxylin I Pl with nitric oxide content of 213 ... 214 ml NO / g and 22 ... 32 wt.% nitroglycerin, 0.3 ... 0, 5 wt.% Diphenylamine and 0.2 ... 0.4 wt.% Central that II, then poured into the reactor 1.7 ... 3.6 wt. parts of water with respect to the powder mass and pyroxylin 1 Pl, with stirring, 78 ... 82 wt.% powder mass and 18 ... 22 wt.% pyroxylin 1 Pl with nitric oxide content of 213 ... 214 ml NO / g are added, 2.5 ... 3.5 mass. parts of ethyl acetate per mass, part of the powder components, a powder varnish is prepared for 40 ... 60 minutes at a temperature of 58 ... 60 ° C, then an emulsifier is introduced - a glue in the amount of 0.8 ... 0.4 wt.% with respect to water, dispersing powder varnish at a temperature of 60 ... 68 ° C for 40 ... 60 minutes, introducing a dehydrating salt in an amount of 0.8 ... 3.0 wt.% with respect to water and after 20 ... 30 minutes distill the solvent.

The disadvantage of this method of producing TFP is that the resulting powder has limited energy characteristics.

The aim of the invention is to obtain spherical powders with high energy characteristics due to the additional input of powerful explosives.

This goal is achieved in that 3.5 to 4.5 masses are poured into the reactor with respect to the powder mass. parts of water, 3.5 ... 4.5 mass. parts of ethyl acetate, load from 10 to 30 wt.% RDX and for 10 ... 15 minutes at a temperature of 50 ... 60 ° C with stirring, dissolve RDX in ethyl acetate, inject 20 ... 30 wt.% back-flow wastes and dissolve over 15 ... 20 minutes, after which the rest of the powder mass is introduced and the process of preparing powder varnish is carried out for 40 ... 60 minutes, the subsequent operations of dispersing the powder varnish are carried out in the presence of emulsifiers, dehydrate the powder particles with sodium sulfate and remove ethyl acetate and h powder particles are carried out in a known manner.

The authors found that a further increase in the energy characteristics of TFP is possible due to the introduction of powerful explosives, for example, hexogen, into their composition. Of all powerful explosives, up to 7% by weight of RDX is dissolved in ethyl acetate. Therefore, up to 30% by weight of RDX can be added in the preparation of a powder varnish with ethyl acetate at the molecular level. After the process of dispersing the powder varnish onto spherical particles is completed, RDX is distributed in them at the molecular level.

In the process of removing ethyl acetate from the powder elements, RDX from a dissolved state crystallizes in powder particles with a particle size of RDX at the micron level. In this case, hexogen is evenly distributed in the volume of powder particles. All this contributes to the uniform burning of the powder charge.

To introduce hexogen into the spherical powder, 3.5 ... 4.5 masses are initially poured into the reactor. parts of water, 3.5 ... 4.5 wt., parts of ethyl acetate and load from 10 to 30 wt.% RDX. The decrease in the amount of water less than 3.5 mass. parts leads to a change in the geometry of the powder elements, and an increase in the amount of water more than 4.5 mass. parts leads to a decrease in the useful volume of the reactor. The decrease in the amount of ethyl acetate less than 3.5 mass. parts leads to an increase in the viscosity of the powder varnish, which leads to uneven crushing it into spherical elements, an increase in the amount of ethyl acetate more than 4.5 mass. parts leads to a decrease in the viscosity of the powder varnish and crushing it in the direction of the fine fraction. A decrease in RDX of less than 10 wt.% Does not contribute to a significant increase in energy characteristics, and an increase in RDX of more than 30 wt.% Does not provide a uniform distribution of RDX over the volume of powder elements.

Hexogen is dissolved in ethyl acetate at a temperature of 50 ... 60 ° C for 15 minutes. A decrease in temperature in the reactor of less than 50 ° C and a dissolution time of RDX in ethyl acetate for less than 10 minutes does not ensure complete dissolution of RDX, and an increase in temperature of more than 60 ° C and a time of more than 15 minutes is associated with an increase in the duration of the process.

After the dissolution of hexogen in ethyl acetate, 20 ... 30 wt.% Of the return-technological waste is introduced and their dissolution is carried out within 15 ... 20 minutes. The indicated amount of return-technological waste is associated with the release of the target fraction of TFP. A decrease in the time of dissolution of the return-technological waste less than 15 minutes does not ensure their uniform distribution in the powder varnish, and an increase in the time of dissolution of the return-technological waste more than 20 minutes is associated with an increase in the duration of the technological process.

After entering the rest of the mass, part of the powder mass, the preparation time of the powder varnish is 40 ... 60 minutes. Reducing the preparation time of powder varnish less than 40 minutes leads to incomplete dissolution of the powder mass in ethyl acetate, and increasing the time of dissolution of the powder mass in ethyl acetate for more than 60 minutes leads to an increase in the duration of the process.

Technological modes, physico-chemical and ballistic characteristics of the TFP according to the method developed by the authors within the boundary conditions (examples 1 ... 3) and outside the boundary conditions (examples 4, 5) are given in the table.

Table Technological modes and ballistic characteristics of TFP The name of indicators Example (Ex. No. 1) Etc. Number 2 Etc. Number 3 Etc. Number 4 Etc. Number 5 The amount of water poured into the reactor, mass. parts 3,5 4.0 4,5 3.0 5,0 The amount of ethyl acetate, mass, parts 3,5 4.0 4,5 3,5 5,0 The amount of introduced RDX, wt.% 10 twenty thirty 8 40 The temperature of the mixture in the reactor, ° C fifty 55 60 45 65 The dissolution time of hexogen, min 10 12 fifteen 8 twenty The amount of injected return-technological waste, wt.% twenty 25 thirty fifteen 35 The preparation time of powder varnish, min. 40 fifty 60 thirty 70 Ballistic characteristics Bullet weight, g 5.1 ... 5.4 5.1 ... 5.4 5.1 ... 5.4 5.1 ... 5.4 5.1 ... 5.4 Mass of charge, g 0.440 0.439 0.438 0.480 0,500 The average speed of the bullet, m / s 470 471 472 398 410

Table continuation The spread between the highest and lowest values of the bullet’s flight speed, m / s 9 10 eleven 40 thirty The maximum pressure of the powder gases, kgf / cm ² Average 264.1 265.3 270.1 274.1 283.0 The greatest 271.2 271.0 278.5 299.0 308.1 The spread between the highest and lowest values of the pressure of the powder gases 6.0 7.4 6.7 39.2 34,4

Requirements for a 9 mm pistol cartridge: bullet weight 5.1 ... 5.4 g, charge mass - not more than 0.5 g, average bullet speed - 445 ... 465 m / s, the spread between the highest and lowest values of flight speed bullets - not more than 30 m / s; maximum pressure of powder gases in the barrel of a weapon in a series of 10 shots, MPa: average - not more than 274.5; the largest - no more than 294.1, the spread between the highest and lowest values of the pressure of the powder gases is not more than 34.3.

From the data in the table it can be seen that the gunpowder manufactured according to the technological conditions within the boundary conditions (examples 1 ... 3) provides an increase in the speed of the bullet by 10 m / s, outside the boundary conditions, the obtained spherical powder does not give a positive effect.

Claims (1)

A method of producing spherical powder, including the preparation of a powder varnish in an aqueous medium in a reactor, dispersion onto spherical particles, dehydration of powder particles with sodium sulfate and removal of ethyl acetate, characterized in that 3.5-4.5 wt. Are poured into the reactor with respect to the powder mass. hours water, 3.5-4.5 parts by weight ethyl acetate, load from 10 to 30 wt.% RDX and for 10-15 minutes at a temperature of 50-60 ° C with stirring, carry out the dissolution of RDX in ethyl acetate, then inject 20-30 wt.% back-flow wastes and dissolve over 15-20 minutes, after which the rest of the powder mass is introduced and the process of preparing powder varnish is carried out for 40-60 minutes.