RU2495010C2 - Method of producing pellet powder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of double-base pellet powder for sports and hunting weapons. The method involves producing 0.315-0.63 mm pellet powder elements consisting of nitrocellulose, nitroglycerine, diphenylamine, centralite II, graphite and moisture, with packed density of 0.970-0.990 kg/dm³, phlegmatisation thereof in a phlegmatisation apparatus with a phlegmatising emulsion which is prepared from 1.5-3.0 wt % dinitrotoluene and 4.8-6.0 wt % centralite I with respect to the powder and with concentration in the aqueous medium of dinitrotoluene and centralite I of 2.0-3.5 wt %. The powder is phlegmatised for 30-50 minutes at temperature of 76-82°C.

EFFECT: invention improved ballistic properties by phlegmatising with an emulsion containing dinitrotoluene and centralite I.

1 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of producing dibasic spherical powders for sporting and hunting weapons.

US patents [1, 2] propose a method for producing spherical powder (TFP) for small arms, which consists in obtaining powder by dissolving nitrocellulose in a solvent, dispersing the obtained powder varnish onto spherical particles, dehydrating and distilling the solvent from them, followed by phlegmatization of the powder elements . The disadvantage of these methods is that the resulting powder does not provide ballistic characteristics for sports and hunting rifles.

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is patent RU 2367639 C2, C06B 21/00 "Method for producing dibasic spherical powder", including the preparation of a suspension of gunpowder, for which 2.29 ... 2.31 wt.h. water, load the powder and heat with stirring to a temperature of 76 ... 80 ° C. At the same time, with stirring for 10 ... 20 minutes, a 1.5 ... 3.5% aqueous phlegmatizing emulsion is prepared, consisting of 1.3 ... 2.5 wt.% Dinitrotoluene, 2.0 ... 6.0 centralite I and 0 with respect to gunpowder , 20 ... 0.25 wt.% Of glue (protective colloid). Before introducing the powder into the powder suspension, the emulsion is heated to a temperature of 76 ... 80 ° C, after which the powder suspension is treated with a phlegmatizing emulsion for 60 ... 65 minutes at a temperature of 76 ... 80 ° C and a ratio of 1 parts by weight of powder to 3.0 ... 3, 5 parts by weight water.

The aim of the invention is to increase the stability of ballistic characteristics due to the phlegmatization of spherical powders and reduce the loss of phlegmatizing additives.

The goal is achieved in that the resulting powder with the size of the powder elements 0.315 ... 0.63 mm, consisting of nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin, diphenylamine, centralite II, graphite and moisture, with a bulk density of 0.970 ... 0.990 kg / dm ³ , phlegmatized in a phlegmatizer , which is filled in relation to the powder of 3.0 ... 3.5 mass. parts of water, load the TFP and, while stirring, heat the suspension to a temperature of 76 ... 82 ° C, at the same time a phlegmatizing emulsion is prepared in the emulsifier, consisting of 1.5 ... 3.0 wt.% dinitrotoluene (DNT) in relation to the powder, 4.8 ... 6.0 wt.% Centralite I (C I) with a concentration of DNT and C I in the aquatic environment of 2.0 ... 3.5 wt.% For 20 ... 30 minutes, when the temperature reaches 76 ... 82 ° C the phlegmatizing emulsion is poured into the phlegmatizer apparatus and the process of phlegmatization of gunpowder is carried out for 30 ... 50 minutes.

Studies conducted by the authors found that in the preparation of a phlegmatizing emulsion, a protective colloid from 0.2 to 1.0 wt.% With respect to the phlegmatizer (DNT and CI) is introduced. Phlegmatizing emulsion consists of phlegmatizer particles ranging in size from 5 to 40 microns. Each particle, in order to maintain stability in the flow, is coated with a protective colloid membrane that prevents particle coalescence. After emulsion is drained into the phlegmatizer, the powder particles are coated with a protective colloid. When a phlegmatizer is planted on the surface of powder particles, it is necessary to overcome energy barriers, while the destruction of the protective shells occurs, both on the powder elements and on the particles of the phlegmatizer. With a decrease in the particle size of the phlegmatizer in the emulsion, the deposition of the phlegmatizer particles on the surface of the powder elements is complicated, and after the completion of the phlegmatization process, the particles of the emulsion leave with the mother liquor. So, for example, 2.0 wt.% DNT and 5.0 wt.% CI are introduced into the phlegmatizer for the phlegmatization of gunpowder; according to the physicochemical analysis, 1.8 wt.% DNT and 4 remain in the composition of the gunpowder. 8 wt.% C I. Depending on the temperature and time conditions of the preparation of the phlegmatizing emulsion and the phlegmatization of gunpowder, the loss of the phlegmatizer from surgery to phlegmatization can vary. All this leads to a change in ballistic characteristics.

According to the method of phlegmatization of TFP developed by the authors, a phlegmizing emulsion without a protective colloid is much more fully planted on the surface of powder elements. This ensures uniform distribution and diffusion of the phlegmatizer into the surface layers of the powder elements. All this provides stable ballistic characteristics, reduces the loss of phlegmatizer and makes it possible to reuse the mother liquor for subsequent phlegmatization of gunpowder.

Examples of the method for producing spherical powder within the boundary conditions (examples 1 ... 3) and outside the boundary conditions (examples 4, 5) are given in the table.

Example 1. In a phlegmatizer 300 liters of water are poured and 100 kg of gunpowder is loaded with a powder element size of 0.315 ... 0.63 mm and a bulk density of 0.970 kg / dm ³ and is heated to 76 ° C with stirring. At the same time, a phlegmatizing emulsion is prepared in the emulsifier, consisting of 1.5 wt.% DNT and 4.8 wt.% C I. in relation to the powder. The concentration of the phlegmatizer in the aqueous medium is 2.0 wt.%. The emulsion in the emulsifier is prepared for 20 minutes and when it reaches a temperature of 76 ° C it is poured into a phlegmatizer, where the powder is phlegmatized for 30 minutes.

Technological modes, physico-chemical and ballistic characteristics of gunpowder are given in the table.

Example 2. In a phlegmatizer 325 liters of water are poured and 100 kg of gunpowder is loaded with a powder element size of 0.315 ... 0.63 mm and a bulk density of 0.980 kg / dm ³ , it is heated to a temperature of 79 ° C with stirring. At the same time, a phlegmatizing agent is prepared in the emulsifier, consisting of 2.2 wt.% DNT and 5.4 wt.% C I. in relation to the powder. The concentration of the phlegmatizer in the aqueous medium is 2.7 wt.%. The emulsion in the emulsifier is prepared within 25 minutes and when it reaches a temperature of 79 ° C it is poured into a phlegmatizer, where the powder is phlegmatized for 40 minutes.

Technological modes, physico-chemical and ballistic characteristics of gunpowder are given in the table.

Example 3. In a phlegmatizer 350 liters of water are poured and 100 kg of gunpowder is loaded with a powder element size of 0.315 ... 0.63 mm and a bulk density of 0.990 kg / dm ³ , it is heated to 82 ° C with stirring. At the same time, a phlegmatizing emulsion is prepared in the emulsifier, consisting of 3.0 wt.% DNT and 6.0 wt.% C I. for powder. The concentration of the phlegmatizer in the aqueous medium is 3.5 wt.%. The emulsion in the emulsifier is prepared within 30 minutes and when the temperature reaches 82 ° C, it is poured into a phlegmatizer, where the powder is phlegmatized for 50 minutes.

Technological modes, physico-chemical and ballistic characteristics of gunpowder Name of Provider Example (Ex. No. 1) Etc. Number 2 Etc. Number 3 Etc. Number 4 Etc. Number 5 one 2 3 four 5 6 Pouring water into the phlegmatizer, l 300 325 350 SFP loading into the phlegmatizer apparatus, kg one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred Fractional composition of the TFP, mm 0.315 ... 0.63 0.315 ... 0.63 0.315 ... 0.63 0.315 ... 0.63 0.315 ... 0.63 The temperature of the mixture in the reactor, ° C 76 79 82 74 86 The bulk density of the TFP, kg / DM ³ 0.970 0.980 0,990 0.960 0,990 The amount of DNT in the emulsifier input, wt.% 1,5 2.2 3.0 1.4 3,5 The number of I in the emulsifier input, wt.% 4.8 5,4 6.0 4.6 6.5

Table continuation

one 2 3 four 5 6 The amount of DNT in spherical powder by analysis, wt.% 1.3 1.8 2,5 1,0 3,1 The number of I in the powder analysis, wt.% 4.6 4.8 5,4 4.1 6.1 The preparation time of the emulsion, min twenty 25 thirty fifteen 35 Emulsion preparation temperature, ° C 76 79 82 74 86 The temperature of the phlegmatization of gunpowder in the apparatus-phlegmatizer, ° C 76 79 82 74 86 The time of phlegmatization of gunpowder, min. thirty 40 fifty twenty 60 Chemical resistance of gunpowder, mmHg twenty 22 17 32 28 Ballistic characteristics: The mass of the powder charge, g 2.65 2.64 2.64 2.80 2.60 Bullet flight speed, m / s 820 825 82 740 830 The difference between the largest and smallest values of the speed of the bullets, m / s 16 twenty eighteen 35 34 The average pressure of the powder gases in the barrel of the weapon, MPa 284.3 290.2 288.2 284.3 308.8 The highest pressure in the barrel of the weapon, MPa 296.1 297.1 295.1 313.7 333.3 The smallest pressure of powder gases in the barrel of a weapon, MPa 267.6 270.6 265.6 196.1 285.3

According to the method developed by the authors, the obtained spherical powder for the cartridge 7.62 × 51 (.308Win) should provide ballistic characteristics: bullet flight speed - 810 ... 83 0 m / s, the difference between the highest and lowest values of the bullet speed is not more than 35 m / s, powder gas pressure, MPa: average - not more than 299.0, the largest - not more than 328.4, the smallest - not less than 255.0.

It can be seen from the table data that the obtained spherical powder within the boundary conditions (examples 1 ... 3) satisfies the requirements of ballistic characteristics, and outside the boundary conditions (examples 4, 5) the obtained spherical powder does not satisfy the requirements of ballistic characteristics.

Literature

1. US Patent No. 2843584

2. US Patent No. 3378545

3. RF patent No. 1808190 (IPC C06B 21/00)

Claims (1)

A method of producing a dibasic spherical powder, including the production of spherical elements consisting of nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin, diphenylamine, centralite II, graphite and moisture and their phlegmatization in a phlegmatizer phlegmatizing emulsion, characterized in that the phlegmatizing emulsion is prepared from 1.5-3 wt.% dinitrotoluene and 4.8-6.0 wt.% centralite I in relation to the powder, with a concentration in the aqueous medium of dinitrotoluene and centralite I 2.0-3.5 wt.%, stirred for 20-30 minutes and when the temperature reaches 76-82 ° C, it is poured into an appar t-deterrent and lead desensitization powder for 30-50 minutes.