RU2367639C2 - Method to stabilise spherical double-base powder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: explosives.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method comprises preparing 1.5 to 3.5%-aqueous stabilising emulsion, powder suspension in reactor incorporating mixer, introducing produced stabilising emulsion in obtained powder suspension and treating powder suspension on mixing by stabilising emulsion. Stabilising emulsion is prepared by mixing, with water and in preset ratio, of pure skin glue and dimethyl-diphenyl urea 1, or mix of dimethyl-diphenyl urea and dinitrotoluene. Prior to introducing produced stabilising emulsion into powder suspension, the former is heated to 76 to 80°C. Powder suspension is treated by stabilising suspension for 60 to 65 minutes at 76 to 80°C.

EFFECT: increased powder gas pressure, reduced small arms cartridge charges.

1 tbl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of production of gunpowder, in particular phlegmatization of spherical dibasic gunpowder (TFP), including expired storage periods intended for equipping small arms cartridges.

Known methods for producing fine-grained pyroxylin powders and TFP, according to which to ensure the progressivity of combustion, the powder is immersed for some time in a solution of a phlegmatizing substance in aqueous alcohol (option 1) [1-3] or treated with an aqueous emulsion of a molten phlegmatizer in an apparatus with a mixing device (option 2 ) [four]. In the first embodiment, the use of a mixture of alcohol-acetone or alcohol-ether is also proposed as a solvent. Then the powder is glossed in the drum with a mixture of 0.1 wt.% Graphite, 0.4 wt.% Tin powder, 3 wt.% Alcohol, followed by removal of the solvent. In both cases, dibutyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, centralite, linear polyesters with a melting point of not more than 90 ° C, or mixtures thereof with conventional phlegmatizers (centralite, diphenylamine) are used as phlegmatizing agents.

The disadvantages of the known methods are the multi-stage process (i.e., increasing the complexity), fire and explosion hazard due to the use of flammable solvents (option 1), or the mismatch of the ballistic indicators of gunpowder with the specifications for the propellant charge of cartridges of increased efficiency.

The closest adopted for the prototype of the present invention is a method of phlegmatization of gunpowder, according to which to ensure the progressivity of combustion, the powder is treated with a phlegmatizer for 20-60 minutes in a reactor with a stirring device in an aqueous medium, for which water is poured into the reactor and the powder is loaded in a ratio of 1 wt. .h. gunpowder: 3.0-3.5 parts by weight water and heated at a temperature of 85-95 ° C, then a one-time phlegmatizer is introduced at the same temperature in the form of a 1.5-3.5% aqueous emulsion, and dibutyl phthalate in an amount of 0.5-4.0 is used as a phlegmatizer wt.% or a mixture of diphenylamine and dinitrotoluene in an amount of 0.8-4.0 wt.%, or a mixture of centralite I and dinitrotoluene in an amount of 0.5-2.5 wt.%, or a mixture of centralite II and dibutyl phthalate in an amount of 0, 5-2.8 wt.% In relation to one mass part of the powder [5].

The disadvantage of the prototype is the high pressure of the powder gases in the barrel of the weapon at a low bullet speed in high-performance shooting systems, for example a 5.45 mm machine gun.

The objective of the invention is to provide ballistic indicators of gunpowder to the requirements of the technical characteristics of high-performance cartridges (by changing the temperature-time regimes, type and dosage of the phlegmatizer).

The problem is solved due to the fact that the method of phlegmatization of spherical dibasic gunpowder, including the preparation of a 1.5-3.5% aqueous phlegmatizing emulsion, the preparation of a suspension of gunpowder in a reactor with a stirring device, the introduction of the obtained phlegmatizing emulsion into the obtained suspension of gunpowder, the processing of the gunpowder suspension phlegmatizing emulsion with stirring, characterized in that the phlegmatizing emulsion is prepared by mixing with water for 10-20 minutes, 0.20-0.25 wt.% of glue in relation to 1 wt.h. gunpowder and 2.0-6.0 wt.% centralite I in relation to 1 wt.h. gunpowder or a mixture of 2.0-6.0 wt.% centralite I and 1.3-2.5 wt.% dinitrotoluene in relation to 1 wt.h. gunpowder, a suspension of gunpowder is prepared at a ratio of 2.29-2.31 wt.h. water to 1 wt.h. gunpowder, the obtained phlegmatizing emulsion is heated to a temperature of 76-80 ° C before being introduced into the gunpowder suspension, the powder suspension is treated with a phlegmatizing emulsion for 60-65 minutes at a temperature of 76-80 ° C and a ratio of 1 wt.h. gunpowder: 3.0-3.5 parts by weight water.

The practical feasibility of the invention and the technical result achieved is confirmed by examples of the specific production of gunpowder for 5.45 mm machine gun cartridges and 7.62 mm cartridges for a carbine (sample 1943).

The experiments were carried out as follows. Water is poured into the reactor in an amount of 2.29-2.31 parts of water, 1 part by weight of gunpowder is loaded, and heated with stirring to a temperature of 76-80 ° C. Then, a phlegmatizing emulsion obtained with stirring for 10-20 minutes from 0.71-1.19 wt.h. is introduced into the reactor in one step at the same temperature. water, 0.20-0.25 wt.% of glue and 2.0-6.0 wt.% centralite I or a mixture of centralite I and dinitrotoluene in an amount of 2.0-6.0 wt.% and 1.3, respectively -2.5 wt.% In relation to 1 wt.h. gunpowder. The powder suspension is stirred at the indicated temperature for a predetermined time.

The technological parameters of the production of gunpowder, the results of ballistic tests of samples of gunpowder are presented in the table.

Thus, according to the data presented, the phlegmatization of gunpowder according to the stated modes ensures a positive effect: gunpowder has satisfactory ballistic characteristics (pr.1-3).

In examples 4-6, the phlegmatization of gunpowder was carried out according to parameters outside the boundary conditions. In this case, a decrease in temperature of less than 76 ° C does not provide a phlegmatizer emulsion, since the melting temperature of centralite is 1 = 76 ° C.

An increase in temperature above 80 ° C leads to the penetration of the phlegmatizer to a greater depth, which increases the mass of the propellant charge (MOH) (to the maximum capacity and above) and reduces the speed of the bullet below the permissible value.

Dosage of the phlegmatizer can be carried out in two ways, depending on the composition of the initial cellulose nitrate matrix: if the phlegmatized granule contains dinitrotoluene, surface treatment is carried out only with centralite 1. If there is no dinitrotoluene in the NC granule, then phlegmatization is carried out with a mixture of centralized 1-dinitrotoluene.

A decrease in centralite I less than 2.0 wt.%, Dinitrotoluene less than 1.3 wt.% Or a phlegmatization time less than 60 minutes reduces the mass of MOH and increases the pressure of powder gases, and an increase in centralite I more than 6.0 wt.%, Dinitrotoluene more than 2, 3 wt.% Or a phlegmatization time of more than 65 minutes increases the mass of MOH and reduces the speed of the bullet.

Reducing the mixing time of the emulsion less than 10 minutes leads to the formation of an emulsion with a particle size of more than 100 μm, which causes an uneven distribution of the drops of the phlegmatizer on the surface of the powder granules, and increasing the mixing time of more than 20 minutes is impractical, since the dispersion of the emulsion is practically no longer reduced. Moreover, as a result of the continuous simultaneous occurrence of the processes of dispersion and coalescence during the mixing process, aggregates are created that inside their structures immobilize the liquid of the dispersion medium with the glue dissolved in it. Emulsions age, leading to a deterioration in their properties and, in particular, to a gradual increase in the average particle size. Thus, the preparation time of the phlegmatizing emulsion should be determined and be 15 ± 5 minutes.

Reducing the time of emulsion discharge less than 3 minutes is not economically feasible, since it is necessary to install larger pipelines with shutoff valves. An increase in the emulsion drainage time of more than 5 minutes leads to a less uniform distribution of the flumatizer in the apparatus volume and on the surface of the particles.

A decrease in the glue of adhesive less than 0.2 wt.% Leads to coalescence of the powder granules during the phlegmatization of the powder, which leads to an increase in the pressure of the powder gases or requires additional sorting of the powder to obtain the necessary ballistic characteristics. An increase in glue over 0.25 wt.% Is impractical, since the required durability and dispersion of the emulsion are already provided.

Gunpowder made according to the phlegmatization modes of the prototype has a small charge mass and high pressure of the powder gases.

Tests of gunpowder samples were carried out in accordance with current regulatory documentation.

Thus, the proposed method provides the manufacturability of the process and the required level of ballistic characteristics.

Information sources

1. US patent No. 3000721 (RZhKhim, 1963.19 H 354).

2. Holland patent No. 102972 (RZhKhim, 1963, 23H 377).

3. Gindich V.I. Technology of pyroxylin powders. - T.2. - Kazan, 1996 .-- P.284.

4. Spherical gunpowder. / Yu.M. Mikhailov, N.M. Lyapin, V.F.Sopin et al. // Chernogolovka: IPCP RAS, 2003 .-- 204 p.

5. RF patent No. 2244699. IPC ⁷ C06B 21/00, 25/18, 25/28. A method of phlegmatization of gunpowder. / V.F.Sopin, N.M. Lyapin, A.A. Staroverov et al. - No. 2002134876/02 (036730) dated 12/23/2002.

Claims (1)

The method of phlegmatization of spherical dibasic gunpowder, including the preparation of a 1.5-3.5% aqueous phlegmatizing emulsion, the preparation of a suspension of gunpowder in a reactor with a stirring device, the introduction of the obtained phlegmatizing emulsion into the resulting powder suspension, the processing of the gunpowder suspension with stirring, a phlegmatizing emulsion, characterized in that the phlegmatizing emulsion is prepared by mixing with water for 10-20 minutes 0.20-0.25 wt.% of glue in relation to 1 wt.h. gunpowder and 2.0-6.0 wt.% centralite I in relation to 1 wt.h. gunpowder or a mixture of 2.0-6.0 wt.% centralite I and 1.3-2.5 wt.% dinitrotoluene in relation to 1 wt.h. gunpowder, a suspension of gunpowder is prepared at a ratio of 2.29-2.31 wt.h. water and 1 parts by weight powder, the obtained phlegmatizing emulsion is heated to a temperature of 76-80 ° C before being introduced into the powder suspension, the powder suspension is treated with a phlegmatizing emulsion for 60-65 minutes at a temperature of 76-80 ° C and a ratio of 1 wt.powder: 3.0 -3.5 parts by weight water.