RU2492928C1 - Grinder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to grinders of mineral and organic materials and may be used in production of construction materials. Proposed grinder comprises horizontal cylindrical casing 1 with loading and unloading pipes 2, 3, respectively, shaft 4 arranged coaxially in casing 1 and coupled with rotary drive, and grinding assembly. Note here that loading and unloading screw blades 5, 6 are fitted on said shaft in the area of appropriate pipes while grinding assy is mounted there between. Said grinding assy is composed of rods 8 arranged around aforesaid shaft and parallel with it. Ends of said rods are locked in structural elements 7. Loading and unloading screw blades 5, 6 shaped to extra coils are rigidly fixed at the shaft. Extra coil of every blade can be formed by a set of leaf elements shifted relative to each other in helical line. Helical springs 9 are fitted free on rods 8 to get in contact with inner surface of case 1.

EFFECT: ruled out stagnant zones, uniform displacement of material nearby case inner surface.

7 cl, 8 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to means for grinding, mixing and mechanical activation of various materials of mineral and organic origin, and may find application in the production of building materials, mining, chemical and other industries.

State of the art

A known centrifugal mill (see patent for invention RU 2252077, IPC: B02C 15/08, published on 05/20/2005), containing a cylindrical body with nozzles for input and output of the processed material, in which a drive shaft with a separator holding grinding media is coaxially mounted - rollers displaced relative to each other in a spiral that provides overlap of the contact surfaces of adjacent grinding media. The disadvantages of the known devices include insufficient grinding efficiency due to the limited mobility of the grinding media and the vertical arrangement of the device, as well as the complexity of manufacturing and maintenance due to the large number of grinding elements.

Grinding springs or spirals have greater mobility compared to rollers, the use of which, moreover, can reduce the number of grinding elements.

Thus, a mill for bulk materials is known (see patent for invention SU 1680318, IPC: B02C 19/22, publ. 09/30/1991), containing a grinding chamber mounted on the frame with hatches for loading and unloading and a drive working body made in the form toroidal twin-start spiral, providing abrasion of the falling material between the turns of rotating spirals.

Known chopper (see patent for invention RU 2015729, IPC: B02C 19/22, publ. 07/15/1994), containing a sealed housing in which rotors with chopping elements in the form of springs wound through one into opposite sides.

As the closest, by the presence of similar structural features, analogue to the claimed technical solution, the technical solution of the reactor-mixer is selected, disclosed in patent SU 1011234, IPC: B01J 19/18, publ. 04/15/1983

According to the aforementioned patent, the reactor-mixer comprises a horizontally mounted cylindrical body with loading and unloading nozzles located in the near-end zones of the body, a shaft coaxially mounted in the body, connected to the drive of its rotation, and a grinding unit comprising a set of rods arranged around the shaft parallel to it, the ends of which are fixed in the transverse bearing plates rigidly fixed to the shaft. Grinding bodies in the form of cylindrical springs in contact with the inner surface of the housing are freely mounted on the rods.

However, the known reactor-mixer is designed to mix liquid and gaseous components. In the case of using a similar design for grinding solids, the device will have a number of significant drawbacks.

Firstly, the low productivity of the device, due to the accumulation of the loaded material under the loading hole, the difficulty of moving the material along the grinding chamber, the formation of stagnant zones.

Secondly, there is a high probability that the loaded material will be thrown back by the rotating springs through the loading hole, which for solid materials will have larger dimensions.

Thirdly, low grinding efficiency.

Disclosure of invention

The technical problem to be solved by the claimed invention is directed is to increase the efficiency of the grinding process and the productivity of the device.

Positive technical results achieved by using the claimed invention are to increase the efficiency of the springs as grinding elements, increase the rate of abrasion of the material at the inner surface of the housing, as well as to eliminate stagnant zones and ensure uniform movement of the material through the grinding zone and its discharge.

The aforementioned problem has been solved, and positive results have been achieved thanks to improvements in the grinding device, which contains a horizontally mounted cylindrical body with loading and unloading nozzles, a shaft coaxially mounted in the body, connected to the drive for its rotation, and a grinding unit, including a set of parallel to and parallel to it shaft rods, the ends of which are fixed in the supporting elements, rigidly fixed to the shaft, and cylindrical springs freely mounted on the rods, in contact with the inner surface of the housing.

Improvements of the device consist in the fact that it is equipped with loading and unloading screw blades mounted on the shaft in the areas where the corresponding nozzles are located, a grinding unit is placed between these blades, while the supporting elements are made in the form of additional turns of the loading and unloading screw blades, in which the ends are fixed rods bearing grinding springs.

An additional turn can be made as a continuation of the corresponding helical blade, i.e. continuous, and can be formed by a set of petal elements displaced relative to each other along the shaft along a helical line, which is a continuation of the corresponding blade. The implementation of the bearing elements in the form of a set of individual petal plates, each of which is oriented transversely to the shaft, allows to increase the reliability of fixing the rods in them.

Both mentioned cases of execution of the supporting elements are possible, because in both cases, the rods are secured with a displacement relative to each other along a helical line, so that the grinding springs worn on the rods are also displaced along a helical line relative to each other in the direction of movement of the material.

The presence of loading and unloading devices in the form of screw (auger-auger) blades eliminates the formation of stagnant zones of material in the lower part of the housing at the inlet of the grinding unit and at its outlet when unloading material, and also contributes to the uniform distribution of the crushed material throughout the body.

At the same time, a screw loading vane ensures the creation of a constant axial support at the input of the grinding unit. Due to this backwater, the mass of the transported material is redistributed over the internal volume of the housing, moving away from its inner surface. Part of the material is forced through the inter-turn space and around the grinding springs, where it is subjected to abrasion between the vibrating coils of the springs, as well as between the surface of the rods and springs. As a result, the grinding zone is expanded and the entire surface of the grinding springs, and not only that at that moment located near the wall of the casing, is able to work. As a result, the efficiency of using springs as grinding elements is increased.

The screw feed vane, as well as the spring grinding unit, are mounted on one drive shaft. When the shaft rotates, the helical blade creates a directionally moving material flow swirling in one direction. In this case, the springs perform a planetary movement, which is directed towards the supplied material flow at the inner surface of the housing. As a result, the inner wall of the housing, i.e. where the main grinding occurs, a counter-directional movement of the spring is created with respect to the flow of the material being ground, which helps increase the intensity of abrasion of the latter.

The installation of grinding springs with a displacement relative to each other in a spiral along the housing allows you to extend the grinding zone and more evenly distribute the load on the drive shaft.

The positive results can also be attributed to the fact that the presence of a helical blade in the loading zone eliminates the possibility of backward ejection of material through the loading hole.

Due to the fact that the grinding unit is located in the middle part with the distance from the loading and unloading holes, the springs are rolled on a flat surface of the body, and not through the zone of the holes, which helps to reduce the vibration of the device and reduce the rumble.

The implementation of the load-bearing elements of the spring grinding unit in the form of separate petals displaced relative to each other along a helical line is the preferred case of the device, because not only increases the reliability of fixing the rods, but also provides the possibility of the passage of material between the petals inside the housing, which contributes to a more uniform distribution of material in the grinding zone.

In one specific example of the implementation of the device, the number of petal elements placed on each side of the block corresponds to the number of rods. In this case, one rod connects two opposing bearing petals, and one hole is made in these petals to fix the ends of the rod.

In another specific embodiment of the device, the number of petal elements placed on each side of the block can be half or three times less than the number of rods, with two or more rods fixed in each petal.

In a preferred embodiment of the device, the housing is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, closed at the ends with removable covers. It is advisable to install one end of the drive shaft in the bearing support, and the other end to fix on the motor shaft by means of a coupling and a pin. This design will allow for quick and easy replacement of grinding elements. Reducing downtime will increase the average productivity of the device and increase its utilization rate.

It is advisable to carry out a case with a cooling jacket (heat exchange jacket) or with bitumen filling along the entire length.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings, which depict:

figure 1 - device, General view, a longitudinal section;

figure 2 is a section aa from figure 1,

figure 3 is a device, a longitudinal section, shows the implementation of the bearing elements in the form of sets of petal elements;

figure 4 is a cross-section bb in figure 3, shows three examples of the device;

figure 5 - drive shaft in the Assembly with loading and unloading screw blades and bearing flap elements, isometry, two examples of execution;

figure 6 is a diagram explaining the operation of grinding springs;

Fig.7 is a disassembled device, the process of replacing the springs;

on Fig - shows the installation of rods with grinding springs;

The implementation of the invention

The inventive device for grinding contains (see Fig. 1, 2) a horizontally mounted cylindrical body 1 with loading 2 and unloading 3 nozzles in the near-end zones, a shaft 4 coaxially mounted in the housing 1, connected to its rotation drive. On the shaft 4, a screw loading vane 5, a screw discharge vane 6 and supporting elements 7 are rigidly fixed, made in the form of additional turns of the blades 5 and 6, in which the supporting rods 8 are mounted, arranged around the shaft 4 parallel to it. Cylindrical springs 9 are freely mounted on the rods 8. The rods 8 with the supporting elements 7 and the springs 9 form a grinding unit. Bearing elements 7 can be made in the form of a coil of a continuous helical blade, as shown in figures 1 and 2.

Figure 3 and 4 shows an example implementation of the device when the supporting elements are made in the form of sets of petal elements 10 (briefly - petals), displaced relative to each other along the shaft 4 along a helical line and forming an additional coil of screw blades 5 and 6.

The number of petals 10 placed on each side of the block may be equal to the number of rods 8, as shown in figa.

It is possible to fix two or more rods 8 in one petal 10 at once, as shown in Figs. 4b and 4c, respectively. In the last example, on each side of the block, only two bearing lobes 10 are installed, made in the form of half-disks, in each of which four rods 8 are fixed.

On figa and 5b shows the drive shaft 4 in the Assembly with boot 5 and discharge 6 blades and load-bearing elements 10, for examples 4A and 4b, respectively.

The device operates as follows.

The material to be crushed is fed through the pipe 2 into the cavity of the housing 1, where it is immediately grasped by the screw blade 5 and distributed over the volume of the housing, thereby preventing the formation of a stagnant zone under the loading opening of the pipe 2.

The blade 5, and then the elements 7 or 10 (for the second example), forming an additional turn of the screw blade, provide a gradual portioned supply of material into the grinding zone.

The loading blade 5 creates a constant axial support at the inlet of the grinding unit, due to which the mass of material is redistributed from the inner surface of the housing 1 into its volume and moves through the grinding zone from all sides around the grinding springs 9, and part of the material is forced through the inter-turn space. In the process of moving the material, the vibrating coils of the springs 9 exert an abrasive effect on it, and the entire surface of the springs 9 works.

The loading blade 5 creates a directionally moving material flow P (see Fig. 6). The springs 9 mounted on the rods 8 perform planetary motion relative to the axis of the shaft, which is directed towards the material flow P at the inner surface of the housing 1, which contributes to an increased rate of abrasion of the material at the inner wall of the housing 1, where the main grinding occurs.

The unloading blade 6, including its additional turn, formed by the supporting elements, provides a gradual withdrawal of the crushed material from the grinding zone and the uniformity of its discharge.

The shaft 4 has only one bearing support 11, and the second end is mounted on the drive shaft 12, for example on the motor shaft, by means of a coupling 13 and a conical pin 14, so that the shaft 4 is easily removed from the housing 1 together with the spring block, which makes it quick and easy to replace the grinding media - springs 9, if necessary (see Fig. 7).

The replacement of the springs is as follows.

The protective casing 15 is removed, the pin 14 is knocked out of the coupling 13, the bolts 16 are unscrewed, releasing the end cover 17, and the removable part is removed: the shaft 4 with the elements fixed to it. The rods 8 are removed from the holes of the supporting elements 7 (10), for example, as shown in Fig. 8. From the released rods 8 remove the spent or damaged springs 9, replacing them with new ones. The device is assembled in the reverse order.

Thanks to this design of the device, the process of replacing grinding media is only 15 minutes, which reduces the downtime of the equipment and increases its utilization rate.

In order to increase the reliability of the device and prevent overheating, the housing 1 can be equipped with a cooling jacket 18 or made with bitumen filling along the entire length.

The proposed device allows for fine grinding and activation of raw materials. Primary use of the device in the production of ceramic bricks, cellular concrete and dry mixes.

Claims (7)

1. A device for grinding, containing a horizontally mounted cylindrical body with loading and unloading nozzles, a shaft coaxially mounted in the housing associated with the drive of its rotation, and a grinding unit comprising a set of rods arranged around the shaft and parallel to it, the ends of which are fixed in the supporting elements, rigidly mounted on the shaft, and freely mounted on the rods, coil springs in contact with the inner surface of the housing, characterized in that it is equipped with a boot and unloading screw blades mounted on the shaft in the areas of the respective nozzles, the grinding unit is placed between these blades, while the supporting elements are made in the form of additional turns of the loading and unloading screw blades. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional turn of each of the blades is formed by a set of petal elements displaced relative to each other along the shaft along a helix, which is a continuation of the corresponding blade. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of petal elements in each aggregate corresponds to the number of rods, while in each petal element there is one hole for fixing the rod. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in each petal element is fixed on two or more rods. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing is made in the form of a hollow cylinder with removable end caps, while one end of the shaft is mounted in the bearing support, and the other end of the shaft is fixed to the motor shaft by means of a coupling and a pin. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing is made with a cooling jacket. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing is made with bitumen filling along the entire length.

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