RU2487020C1 - Vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: intake silencer chamber accommodates, at least, one high-frequency porous noise-absorbing module composed by separate crushed noise-absorbing elements. Said elements are made of identical or different noise-absorbing materials with identical or different physical characteristics, chemical composition, porosity, quantity and combination of porous layer structures in one-layer and/or sandwich combinations. Said elements feature identical or different geometrical shape and sizes making, preferably, 5-100 mm to kill high-frequency noise.

EFFECT: better noise killing properties of ICE intake silencer integrated with vehicle body bumper.

14 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of transport engineering, in particular motor vehicles (ATS), mainly to cars, and is a device designed to reduce aerodynamic noise generated and propagating in box-shaped box assemblies and distribution tubular and / or slotted air ducts (ducts) of individual elements of the intake systems of an internal combustion engine (ICE) ATS, in which the problems of reducing the noise emissions they produce are relevant.

In modern automatic telephone exchanges, the noise level of the ICE intake system is at a comparable level with other sources of noise radiation and requires the use of gas-dynamic noise mufflers. At the same time, the need to minimize the hydraulic resistance of the intake duct as a whole in order to increase cylinder filling and improve the power and economic performance of the internal combustion engine forces the ducts to be dimensioned as large as possible, with the dimensions of the internal combustion engine silencer housing being unlimitedly limited by the limited dimensions (limited by its technical ability layout in the confined space of the engine compartment and avoiding clutter) leads to a corresponding deterioration in its noise Lush characteristics. In this regard, an urgent task is to compensate for the loss of sound attenuation of the engine intake system caused by the use of large air ducts. It is most efficient to provide additional noise suppression with a corresponding proportional increase in the dimensions of the internal exhaust silencer. For this, the large-sized engine silencer intake silencer housing should be rationally placed in free limited spaces within the ATS (if any are available), unloading the cramped space of the engine compartment. The urgency of solving the technical problem posed is aggravated by the need for the first and foremost effective suppression of low- and mid-frequency noise radiation, which is dominant in the ICE intake noise spectrum, and, as is well known, it is necessary to use large-sized noise suppressors to effectively suppress low-frequency noise, which makes it difficult to implement it.

In the description of the claimed technical solution presented below, its implementation mainly relates to suppressing (lowering the level) of that part of the sound (acoustic) energy that qualifies as noise, causing harmful effects on human health and well-being, including the safety of operating technical objects (ATS), and located in residential areas in residential, public and industrial buildings and open spaces in the immediate vicinity of noisy roads (near persons, freeways).

The high efficiency of damping the noise produced by the ICE intake system is achieved by observing a specific design of its components and, in particular, depends on the design of the ICE intake silencers (their location in the airway of the ICE intake system, their geometric shape, and the overall dimensions of the expansion and / or silencer cavity chambers). At the same time, the optimization of the indicated design parameters of the engine intake silencers is limited by the possibility of their arrangement in the cramped, cluttered aggregates and systems of the space of the ATS engine compartment. In the conditions of mass production of automatic telephone exchanges (in particular, cars of various models and modifications) containing various modifications of internal combustion engines and different free spaces of engine compartments of different types of bodies of the same families of automatic telephone exchanges, it becomes very difficult to use a unified design of silencers for the intake of internal combustion engines with acceptable high-performance acoustic parameters for the entire family of modifications of the specified model of automatic telephone exchange. It should be borne in mind that typical designs of ICE intake systems have a sufficiently high sensitivity to acoustic tuning and hydraulic resistance, which requires individual adaptation to a specific object (a specific model and its modification of the ATS). The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the scope, unification and simplification of the layout of the engine exhaust silencer in confined spaces within the ATS, in particular in its engine compartment, the use of forms of ATS panels that define its exterior and combination (integration) with them, while increasing sound-damping properties ICE intake silencer, providing both effective damping of low- and mid-frequency noise radiation, and expanding the frequency band of damping noise energy into the high-frequency region noise emission, with the inclusion of porous structures of sound-absorbing materials (ZPM) as components of the modular structural units of noise suppressors of the intake of ICE.

Reducing aerodynamic noise emissions generated and propagating in box-shaped box assemblies and distribution tubular and / or slotted air ducts (air ducts) of the intake systems of the internal combustion engine automatic telephone exchanges substantially provide large-sized cases (chamber cavities) of standard air cleaners that combine the functions of cleaning the air sucked into the internal combustion engine and intake silencer, known, for example, from the following patent sources:

- US patent No. 5479907, published 02.01.1996;

- RF patent No. 2053405, published on January 27, 1996;

- RF patent No. 2098652, published on December 10, 1997;

- RF patent No. 2150018, published on 05.27.2000;

- RF patent No. 2209336, published July 27, 2003;

- RF patent No. 2004011011, published on January 22, 2004;

- Japan patent No. 2006125373, published 01.11.2004;

- German patent No. 102005044169, published on April 6, 2006;

- US patent No. 20070000467, published January 4, 2007;

- US patent No. 7383810, published 10.06.2008;

- US patent No. 20090236172, published September 24, 2009;

- US patent No. 20090241887, published October 1, 2009;

- US patent No. 20090241888, published October 1, 2009;

- US patent No. 2009242323, published 01.10.2009;

- US patent No. US 20110139110, published June 16, 2011.

The noise suppression functions of the internal combustion engine intake system are also carried out by the standard design of gas collection receivers, which are equipped with the associated functions of an intake silencer, known, for example, from the following patent sources:

- RF patent No. 65979, published August 27, 2007;

- RF patent No. 2075612, published on March 20, 1997;

- RF patent No. 2078220, published on March 20, 1997;

- RF patent No. 2069773, published on 11/27/1996;

- RF patent No. 2090765, published on September 20, 1997;

- RF patent No. 2095612, published on November 10, 1997;

- RF patent No. 2064071, published on July 20, 1996;

- RF patent No. 2090775, published on September 20, 1997;

- RF patent No. 2095612, published on November 10, 1997;

- RF patent No. 2107182, published on 08/22/1992;

- RF patent No. 2151902, published on June 27, 2000;

- RF patent No. 2163688, published on 02.27.2001.

These multifunctional ICE technical devices, providing an effective reduction in the noise levels of the ICE intake, air purification (for air cleaners) and the compensator (damper) of pressure pulsations of the air sucked into the ICE, are presented in the form of large-sized designs of air cleaners and gas collection receivers, which complicates their placement (layout) in the engine compartment Automatic telephone exchange.

Automatic telephone exchanges equipped with ICE intake systems are also known, which contain additional sound-damping devices integrated in their composition in the form of various acoustic resonators, for example, from the following patent sources:

- USSR copyright certificate No. 1081364, published 03/23/1984;

- US patent No. 5116231, published on 05/26/1992;

- US patent No. 5333576, published 02.08.1994;

- Japan patent No. 9014066, published 1995;

- US patent No. 5493080, published on 02.20.1996;

- international patent No. 9849440, published 05.11.1998;

- German patent No. 19956165, published on 05/31/2001;

- US patent No. 7255197, published January 20, 2005;

- US patent No. 20080017440, published January 24, 2008;

- US patent No. 20080041657, published 02/21/2008;

- US patent No. 20080156579, published 03.07.2008;

- US patent No.20080236534, published 02.10.2008;

- Japan patent No.2006090184, published September 22, 2009;

- German patent No. 102009032553, published January 20, 2011;

- US patent No. 20110139541, published June 16, 2011;

- US patent No. 20110180347, published July 27, 2011.

The indicated group of technical solutions cited has similar disadvantages as the previous one. Acoustic resonators in the form of sound-attenuating devices are, in particular, housing elements containing hollow cavities or dead-end branches of air ducts that are configured to suppress noise levels (usually resonant sound emissions) in a limited (tuned) frequency range of the sound spectrum. Due to the fact that the intake systems of internal combustion engines of a telephone exchange are, as a rule, wide-band noise emitters, are operated in a wide range of high-speed and load modes of operation of the automatic telephone exchange, accordingly, a set of acoustic resonators with different frequency settings is required for broadband damping of noise radiation, which leads to complicating the design of the ICE intake system, and if necessary, effectively suppressing low- and mid-frequency radiation - an inevitable increase in their overall dimensions.

In most cases, in order to accommodate large-sized noise-suppressing elements in the internal combustion engine intake system, a corresponding increase in the space of the engine compartment is required, including raising the bonnet plane (for an ATS of the bonnet arrangement, in particular passenger cars), which leads to a deterioration in the aerodynamic performance of the ATS (increase in aerodynamic drag coefficient Cx ), which automatically leads to an increase in fuel consumption and an increase in the harmful emissions of internal combustion engines into the environment (CO, CO ₂ , CH, NOx).

ATSs are also known, equipped with ICE intake systems containing acoustic resonators, formed by standard units already existing in their composition, containing limited hollow cavities that can be used as resonant cavities, for example, from the following patent sources:

- USSR copyright certificate No. 392264, published July 27, 1973;

- USSR copyright certificate No. 1539350, published on January 30, 1990;

- German patent No. 4438682, published on 06/22/1995.

- RF patent No. 2038509, published on June 27, 1995.

The presented well-known technical solutions in separate limited examples solve the urgency of the problem of their arrangement as additional noise-damping elements of the ICE intake system by combining several functional properties with automatic telephone exchanges (communicating a larger number of useful functions to this object), but they can significantly complicate and cost more as a design components of the engine intake system, and other units and automatic telephone systems connected to the design of the engine intake system. In addition, noise-attenuating resonator cavities formed by various standard ATS units are usually small-sized and, as a result, are ineffective, in particular, for solving problems of suppression of low- and mid-frequency noise radiation, requiring the use of large-sized noise-attenuating devices.

Automatic telephone exchanges equipped with ICE intake systems are also known, the elements of which are fully or partially integrated into the standard body panel designs of the automatic telephone exchange, see, in particular, the following patent sources:

- USSR copyright certificate No. 1703505, published on January 7, 1992;

- RF patent No. 2044915, published September 27, 1995;

- RF patent No. 21118265, published on 08.27.1998;

- German patent No. 102005033659, published 01.02.2007;

- French patent No. 2895714, published on July 6, 2007;

- German patent No. 102007018191, published October 23, 2008;

- French patent No. 2930508, published October 30, 2009;

- US patent No.20103232220, published 02/11/2010.

- US patent No. 4984350, published 01/15/1991;

- Japan patent No.2009940, published 01.12.1990;

- Japan patent No. JP 58204955, published November 29, 1983;

- international patent No. 1870592, published on December 26, 2007;

Automatic telephone exchanges equipped with noise mufflers integrated in the vehicle body panel are also known, for example, from the following patent sources:

- USSR copyright certificate No. 811470650, published on 05/15/1975;

- US patent No. 5726398, published March 10, 1998;

- US patent No.20020079162, published June 27, 2002;

- US patent No. 6668972, published December 30, 2003;

- international patent No. 2007117701, published October 18, 2007;

- international patent No.2008073137, published on 06/19/2008;

- international patent No. 2009079402, published on June 25, 2009.

The USSR author's certificate No. 47050, published on 05/15/1975, describes the design of the intake silencer of the internal combustion engine ATS, for example, a bus containing an air intake connected to an expansion chamber, characterized in that, in order to simplify the design, the expansion chamber of the intake silencer of the intake of internal combustion engines is formed by an internal and the outer walls of the bus body panels, and the air intake is made in the form of a cavity bounded by partitions installed between the walls.

US Pat. No. 5,726,398, published March 10, 1998, describes the design of an automobile bumper in which an exhaust silencer is integrated that simultaneously functions as a device for attenuating the noise emitted by an internal combustion engine exhaust system and passive safety function of a vehicle. The combined multifunctional design of the device in the form of a “bumper-silencer” is partially formed from stamped sheets of metal. The sheet elements of the device include an inner plate with an inlet and outlet channels. The inner half-body of the “bumper-silencer” is located close to the rear of the ATS remotely from its inner plate and forms the front compartment of the silencer. The external half-shell of the “bumper-silencer” is also located remotely from its inner plate and forms the rear compartment of the noise muffler. The polymer material used in the device can be installed in the form of a lining on the external half-shell of the “bumper-silencer” to improve its aesthetic appeal. The insulation material used in the “bumper-silencer” device is located in the rear compartment to provide acceptable high acoustic and temperature insulation in the vehicle.

US Patent No. 20020079162, published on June 27, 2002, and US Pat. No. 6,668,972, published on 12/30/2003, describe the construction of automobile bumpers with an integrated exhaust silencer device having external housing shells of an elastic (easily deformable) metal or polymer material. The silencer can be represented as a separate component of the bumper, which is attached to it, or formed with it as a monolithic integral part of the bumper. The internal cavity of the bumper-silencer can be filled with fibrous ZPM.

International patents No. 2007117701, published on 10/18/2007 and No. 2007073137, published on 06/19/2008, describe the design of exhaust silencing devices formed with at least one thermoplastic semiconductor molded into an ATC panel. The panel can be any suitable part of the PBX body, such as a bumper, spoiler, cab footboard. The internal cavity of this type of silencer may contain two fibrous molded parts and a fibrous lining to provide additional thermal insulation between the inner walls of the piping of the silencer and the outer bumper panel, to eliminate unwanted contact interactions of the driver with the thermally loaded areas of the bumper during loading and unloading of the luggage compartment .

International patent No. 2009079402, published June 25, 2009, describes the design of a telephone exchange containing an exhaust silencer in the form of a composite polymer heat-resistant system integrated into the exterior elements of the telephone exchange. The body of the silencer is made in the form of a carrier shell, forming at least one internal cavity. The bearing shell (silencer housing) is made of a composite material made of thermoplastic resin and a reinforcing layer. The pipeline is located in the shell, which contains at least one hole that provides acoustic communication (communication) between the internal cavity in the pipeline and the cavity formed by the shell. Between the outer walls of the pipeline and the inner walls of the shell to reduce the noise levels of the exhaust of the internal combustion engine can be located ZPM.

The closest in essence to the claimed technical solution are automatic telephone exchanges equipped with the designs of the internal combustion engine intake systems integrated with the body bumper of the automatic telephone exchange, which performs the function of suppressing the air-gas dynamic noise generated and propagating in the internal combustion engine intake system, presented in the following patent sources:

- US patent No. 4984350, published 01/15/1991;

- Japan patent No. 8004611, published 09.01.1996.

US Pat. No. 4,984,350, published Jan. 15, 1991, describes a design of a telephone exchange containing an aerodynamic silencer for the intake of an internal combustion engine, presented in the form of 2 1/4 wave acoustic resonators connected to the air intake of the intake system of the internal combustion engine and appropriately integrated into the bumper design ATS bodywork.

Japanese Patent No. 2221824, published on 09/26/1990, describes the design of the ATS, with a streamlined conceptual diagram of the engine compartment, by integrating the components of the engine intake system into the bumper of the ATS. We consider, in particular, a passenger car equipped with an internal combustion engine with an intake system including intake pipes (intake manifold), a gas collection receiver, an intermediate intake pipe, an air cleaner and an internal intake silencer, integrated with the vehicle bumper. An intake air pipe (air intake) and a discharge pipe are connected to the body of the exhaust silencer of the internal combustion engine intake manifold formed by the bearing shell and the internal bumper baffles of the ATC body, and inside the formed cavities there is a filter element and tubular air ducts transporting the noisy air flow with bypass channels of communicating silencer chambers ICE intake noise represented by perforation holes.

The design of the automatic telephone exchange described in Japanese patent No. 8004611, published on 01/09/1996, was chosen as a prototype. ATS, in particular a passenger car, which contains an ICE in the engine compartment, equipped with an intake system including intake pipes (intake manifold), a gas collection receiver, an air cleaner, intermediate pipelines, an engine intake silencer integrated with the bodywork bumper. The presented silencer of the intake of the internal combustion engine - reactive type (without a dissipative element), is made in the form of a carrier (body) hollow shell enclosure that is combined (integrated) with the bumper structure of the vehicle. An intake intake pipe (intake) and a discharge pipe are connected to the cavity of the silencer housing of the ICE intake intake, and box ducts are located inside the cavity to form a noisy air flow formed by dividing walls with corresponding bypass channels of communicating resonator chambers (Helmholtz resonator throats).

As the disadvantages of the described designs of automatic telephone exchanges equipped with ICE intake systems, the elements of which are fully or partially integrated in the panel of the ATC body (in particular, the bumper of a passenger car), it should be noted the discrete (not broadband in frequency composition) setting of acoustic energy damping of this type by the internal combustion engine intake silencer . Also unsatisfactory material-intensive and cost parameters of this type of technical devices and environmental safety indicators of the used acoustic ZPM used as part of well-known technical devices (designs of noise suppressors) that are caused by their negative environmental impact caused by “environmentally dirty” production processes are noted “New” feedstock for the subsequent production of ZPM from it, and produced directly during the production of technical devices from it in the form of various sound-absorbing elements of ICE noise suppressors, including the final stage - their subsequent operation, for example, as part of a telephone exchange, with the need for their final disposal while minimizing (eliminating) the resulting environmental damage from the process of their disposal at the end of the life cycle of the telephone exchange . The increasing volumes of extraction of expensive raw mineral (basalt, quartz, etc.) and hydrocarbon (oil, gas) raw materials used for the subsequent production of acoustic materials, taking into account the irreplaceability of these raw mineral and hydrocarbon resources, lead to their inevitable depletion, which occurs when accompanying ongoing technological processes of environmental pollution, both in the processes of its extraction, and transportation and subsequent technological processing. A significant technical problem is, in particular, the environmentally hazardous (environmentally dirty) secondary (re) recycled recycling of foamed open-cell ZPM, for example polyurethane foams, which prevents energy recovery by burning, which is also characterized by the unsatisfactory suitability of noise-reducing parts and assemblies for recycling technologies after their completion life cycle caused by the complexity of dismantling and separation of dissimilar materials in a multilayer s structures. Traditional technological methods of recycling recycled recycling of acoustic materials, as a rule, are associated with complex chemical and technological processes of their splitting, which leads, inter alia, to additional financial costs, and also causes negative environmental pollution. Secondary recycling recycling of fragmentation products (ZPM fragments, fibrous semi-finished products, separate layers, etc.) as part of noise-absorbing elements, carried out, for example, to extract electric, thermal and gas energy hidden in materials of organic origin, slags contained in fragmentation products, requires the use of very complex and expensive technologies. In addition, the products of secondary recycled recycling utilization fragmentation of noise-absorbing elements, as a rule, are not homogeneous in their structural composition, which requires the use of additional technological operations for their separation and complicates the process of such processing. In the case of disposal of this type of waste by disposing of it in landfills, material costs also increase due to the lack of free places for their disposal, there is a rejection of significant free spaces that could be used for the benefit of society.

The inventive PBX contains a body, the enclosing panels of which form, including the engine compartment with a bumper attached to it. In the body compartment cavity of the engine compartment formed by the body panels, a power unit is mounted as part of an internal combustion engine equipped with an internal combustion engine intake system including intake pipes (intake manifold), a gas collection receiver, a gas collection receiver pipe, an air cleaner, an intermediate intake pipe, an absorption or combined type silencer made in the form of a noise muffler combined (integrated) with the design of the bumper of the body of the automatic telephone exchange of the bearing case shell. At least one dissipative porous sound-absorbing module of a fibrous or foamed open-cell structure can be located in a closed cavity of the carrier shell of the intake silencer of the internal combustion engine inlet of the type of the expansion or resonator chamber formed by the standard structure of the body bumper of the vehicle. An intake air pipe (intake) and a discharge pipe are connected to the body of the exhaust silencer of the engine intake manifold formed by the supporting shell and the internal bumper walls of the vehicle body, and tubular and / or slotted air ducts are formed inside the cavity (several cavities) formed by separating tubular and / or or dividing plate partitions (for versions of several communicating and / or divided chambers in multi-chamber versions of design options) with bypass channels represented perforation holes (preferably round or other geometrical form, e.g., in the form of a slotted embossments limb) cell or reticulated substrate (metal wire, polymeric filaments, etc.). The perforation coefficient of the walls (perforated sheet or wire mesh type) of the separating tubular and / or dividing plate partitions of communicating and / or divided chambers (in multi-chamber designs of design options) of the engine intake silencer is selected based on the specific target characteristics of ensuring the sound transparency of the walls and the structural composition used ZPM and their sound-absorbing qualities determined by the terms of reference for design and technical conditions for duction of the technical object. By the term "perforation coefficient" is meant the ratio of the total area of the perforation holes to the surface area of the wall on which the perforation procedure was performed, until it was perforated. In most cases, the perforation coefficient is selected from the condition K≥0.2. The perforations of the walls of the separating tubular and / or separating plate partitions can be located on the surface of the separating partition both uniformly (with the same pitch identical to the center distance), and not evenly (with different center distances). In case of uneven arrangement of perforation holes (with variable pitch), denser grouping of this type of holes can be performed, for example, in areas of increased sound pressure. In these zones, the overall dimensions of the perforation holes can be chosen smaller with an increase in their number, provided that the total total area of their perforation cross section remains unchanged, which will ensure that the total perimeter of the perforation holes increases, which contributes to a more efficient dissipation of acoustic energy. At least in one of the closed cavities (chambers) of the ICE intake silencer housing there may be a porous sound-absorbing module composed of separate fragmented crushed sound-absorbing elements that partially or completely fills the volume of the closed cavity (chamber) in which it is located, and which can be additionally superficially delimited in it by a protective sound-transparent layer in the form of a corresponding film (fabric, non-woven fabric) lining or an autonomous load-bearing shell of a closed IPA made of the indicated types of translucent layers of materials. To prevent possible precipitation of isolated fragmented crushed sound-absorbing elements or their parts from the chambers of the ICE intake silencer chambers integrated with the bumper of the ATC body, blowing out individual fibers or cells from their porous structure, the air stream being sucked into the ICE by the intake system or by the streamlined air flow of the ATC , to exclude possible ingress and accumulation (absorption) in their open-cell foam or porous sound-absorbing fibrous structure of various liquids bones (moisture from the environment, condensate, fuel, cutting fluids, etc.), small particles, insects, to provide protection against possible destruction of the porous structure due to freezing of moisture that has entered the pores of fibrous and / or foamed open-cell ZPM at low (alternating) temperatures during operation of the ATS equipped with a combined device for the intake silencer of the internal combustion engine engine and the bumper of the ATS body containing a porous sound-absorbing module, tubular separation surfaces and / or separate lamellar partition walls of the communicating chambers of the internal combustion engine intake silencer integrated with the bumper of the ATS body, at the locations of the bypass channels, represented by perforation holes (mainly round or other geometric shapes, for example, in the form of slotted grooves with bends) or mesh cells, from the location side separate fragmented crushed sound-absorbing elements made of porous ZPM, or on the opposite side of the surface of the separation tubular and / or will divide lamellar plate partitions can be additionally lined with a protective sound-transparent layer made, in particular, in the form of a continuous, dynamically pliable, gas-impermeable film with a thickness of not more than 1 mm, for example, polyester aluminized, urethane, polyvinyl chloride, etc., or, if operating conditions allow it in accordance with the requirements of the technical specifications for design and technical specifications for the production of a gas-blown non-woven fabric of the type "malifliz", "filts", in the form of fabric, n for example fiberglass, basalt fiber cloth, etc., in the form of a gas-blown microperforated film or foil material, for example polyvinyl chloride, aluminum, copper, brass, or as a thin layer of porous fibrous or foamed open-cell air-blown ZPM, with a thickness of not more than 10 mm, including a combined combination of layers of the listed materials that are in direct contact with a streamlined transported noisy air stream, sucked into the ICE intake system and streamlined m air flow PBX. Detailed descriptions of the varieties and brands of this type of material are presented, in particular, in the monograph Automotive Acoustic Materials. Design and study of low-noise constructions of motor vehicles ”, TSU, Tolyatti, 2010. Also, separate fragmented crushed sound-absorbing elements made of porous ZPMs during the production (assembly) of the combined design of the engine intake silencer integrated with the bumper of the ATC body can be laid, at least in one of its chamber cavities, having already been previously placed in autonomous closed protective sound-transparent surface shells of the container type, made e of these varieties and brands of sound transmission materials, which in some cases makes it easy (easy) their subsequent installation and replacement (if necessary). The term “translucent” is used to mean a layer of material that has physical properties to insignificantly reduce the value of the reverberation coefficient of sound absorption α _{roar of the} formed conjugated layered structure by no more than 0.1 (ie, deteriorate its sound-absorbing properties by no more than 10%).

, где S - площадь отверстия).The protective sound-transparent layer in the form of corresponding surface linings or closed surface shells of the container type can be made of either a solid or micro-perforated structure. The term “microperforated structure” is used, in particular, to mean a thin (layer thickness of not more than 1 mm) film, foil metal or fabric substrate containing through holes (channels) whose diameter or equivalent size does not exceed 1 mm (1000 μm). By "equivalent size" of a hole is meant the conditional size of a hole of arbitrary shape, the area of which is equal to the comparable size of the hole in a round shape ( $$r_{\mathrm{uh}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{at}}=\sqrt{\frac{S}{\pi }}$$

where S is the area of the hole).

The porous sound-absorbing module can be represented by a set (set) of separate isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, which can be made of identical or different types and grades of porous air-blown fibrous and / or foamed open-cell ZPM structures with identical (close) or significantly different physical characteristics, chemical composition, porosity, quantity and a diverse combination of types of structures of porous layers in the composition of one and / or nogolayer porous structures that are within the framework of defined specific overall dimensions, which are mainly (the number of which is more than 50% of their total number) are in the size range of 5 ... 100 mm, made in the form of both identical and different (different) geometric shapes and dimensions, which at the same time compromise (according to the requirements of the technical specifications for the development or technical conditions of production) satisfy the layout and installation, technological and acoustic (in relation and to achieve the maximum sound-absorbing effect) the possibilities of their location, with a given random or ordered distribution of isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements directly inside the specified closed cavity of one of the chambers of the engine intake silencer housing integrated with the vehicle bumper, with the formation of the corresponding voids (inter-facet channels), formed between the contacting faces of isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, as well as for I am of the possible (necessary) facilitation of the implementation (rationalization) of the technological operations of their molding into a monolithic briquette of the corresponding geometric shape (including to ensure ease of installation / disassembly).

The body parts of the engine intake silencer and its internal components (solid and / or perforated dividing tubular and / or dividing plate partitions), represented by the corresponding structural elements of the ATS body bumper, can be made of various structural materials - metallic (steel, aluminum), polymeric (polyamide, polypropylene, rubber) and / or polymer with integrated reinforcing metal elements such as embedded rods, perforated plates, nets, etc. Also, as a dividing tubular and / or dividing plate partitions of the internal combustion engine noise silencer chambers integrated with the bumper of the ATS body, they can be used as flat-sheet structures perforated through holes (mainly round or other geometric shape, for example, in the form of slotted grooves with bends), and mesh structures - wire mesh with a given cross-section (diameter) of the wire or the size of the formed cells. Housing elements, as well as parts of internal nodes (tubular and / or dividing plate partitions) may additionally contain stiffeners, sealing elements, mechanical vibration compensators (axial and / or angular type) that perform functions, including passive safety elements, aerodynamics, vibration damping, aesthetic design and other other functional purposes of the ATS bumper design.

In some cases, the design, for the procedure of filling / emptying the internal cavity of the silencer chamber of the engine intake intake with separate fragmented crushed sound-absorbing elements made of porous ZPMs (or their replacement and dismantling in the processes of recycled recycling of porous ZPMs from the composition of ATS parts that have completed their life cycle), the body of the intake silencer of the intake of the internal combustion engine, as one of the private technical versions of the proposed automatic telephone exchange, may contain a removable yshku (flap hinged, using interlocks, hardware, etc.), with necessary fixing and sealing in the closed position.

Separate fragmented crushed sound-absorbing elements can be located in the cavity of the chamber (several chambers) of the internal combustion engine intake silencer integrated with the bumper of the ATS body, freely filled (filled up). In this case, a possible dynamic contact displacement of isolated fragmented crushed sound-absorbing elements relative to each other can be carried out. Also, separate fragmented crushed sound-absorbing elements can be fixedly mutually fixed on the contacting zones of the bearing surface of the protective sound-transparent layer, formed in the form of a closed surface shell of the container type of the porous sound-absorbing module and / or fixedly mutually fixed relative to each other in the corresponding monolithic briquettes, due to the use of or other type of adhesive, such as thermo-adhesive (thermoactive) fibrous materials (for example polypropylene fibers) distributed in the volume of the chamber cavity (several chambers) of the ICE intake silencer integrated with the bumper of the ATC body filled with separate fragmented crushed sound-absorbing elements, or, similarly, distributed or deposited on the surfaces of separate fragmented crushed sound-absorbing elements of a powdered thermoactive substance connecting (fastening) their contacting zones of surfaces into a monolithic briquette, when creating a given pace temperature modes implemented by the corresponding technological processes. Other technologies for forming monolithic briquettes made up randomly or ordering distributed and appropriately bonded to each other separate fragmented crushed sound-absorbing elements made of porous ZPMs as part of porous sound-absorbing modules, for example, by surface aerosol spraying of corresponding sticky adhesives and contact adhesives, can be applied. applying a sticky adhesive layer on the surface of the carrier sound-transparent shell, etc. Variants of execution and use of a porous sound-absorbing module of the briquetted type, composed of separately fixed crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements fixed together, with the formation of a monolithic briquette that does not contain an external protective facing layer (if this is not required by the technical task for the development or technical conditions of production). For ease of assembly / disassembly, composite monolithic briquettes of a porous sound-absorbing module from separate separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements bonded to each other can be suitably molded and consisting of several elements, in particular, from two mating halves that are installed to be gapless or gapless relative to each other in the inner closed chamber cavity (cameras) of an internal combustion engine intake silencer integrated with the bumper of the vehicle body. In the plane of the connector, composite monolithic briquettes of a porous sound-absorbing module may contain molded air ducts, the inner surfaces of which are equidistantly repeating the outer surfaces of the dividing tubular partitions (ducts) containing dead ends, forming acoustic 1/4-wave resonators.

As adhesive adhesives, when briquetting porous sound-absorbing modules from separate fragmented crushed sound-absorbing elements made of porous ZPM, they can be used as substances of organic origin - synthetic oligomers and polymers (phenol-formaldehyde, epoxy and polyester resins, polyamides, polyurethanes, .) forming an adhesive film as a result of hardening during cooling (thermoplastic adhesives), curing (thermoset adhesives) or vulcanization (rubber adhesives ) And inorganic (aluminophosphate, silicate). According to the physical state, adhesive substances can be liquid (solutions, emulsions, suspensions) or solid (films, rods, granules, powders), used in the form of a temperature melt or applying them to heated surfaces. It is preferable that the adhesive substances (adhesives) used for briquetting porous sound-absorbing modules have sound transparency properties, i.e. such substances were used that, after applying the adhesive layer to the surface of the protective sound-transparent film and / or the faces of the separate fragmented crushed sound-absorbing elements made of porous ZPM, did not cause a decrease in the value of the reverberation sound absorption coefficient α by the _{roar of the} formed conjugated layered structure by more than 0.1 ( i.e. would degrade its sound-absorbing properties by no more than 10%).

Prevention of ignition and self-combustion, reporting of self-extinguishing properties to the applied porous ZPM can be ensured by the use of certain substances or mixtures belonging to the class of flame retardants. As a result of their use, they decompose with the formation of the corresponding non-combustible components and / or prevent the decomposition of materials with the release of combustible gases. Fire retardants can be applied directly to the surface of the used porous structures ZPM, and can be part of the impregnating porous structure ZPM solutions. Common types of flame retardants are aluminum hydroxide, boron compounds, antimony, chlorides, and organic and inorganic phosphate compounds. When using this type of substances (flame retardants), the conditions for their unsatisfactory modification with the substances of porous ZPM (both during surface application and volume distribution in the porous structure of ZPM) should be excluded, which can significantly reduce their sound-absorbing properties (unacceptable, according to the requirements of the technical specifications for design and technical conditions for the production of this technical object).

To ensure the discharge of various liquids (moisture from the external environment, condensate, fuel, cutting fluids, etc.) from the separation tubular partitions (air ducts) and the internal closed cavity of the ICE intake silencer chamber (s) integrated with the vehicle bumper that can get there during the operation (including the washing process) of the automatic telephone exchange, the walls of the separation tubular partitions (air ducts) and the silencer housing of the intake engine may contain one or more drainage holes.

As the composition of the feedstock for the manufacture of a porous sound-absorbing module, which is an integral part of the internal combustion engine intake silencer integrated with the bumper of the ATS body, separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements obtained in the form of products of recycled recycled recycling processing of technological waste and technological marriage of fiber production can be used foamed open-mesh ZPM and / or parts from ZPM, as well as from the corresponding parts (pan firs, upholstery, gaskets made of porous ZPM), selected for secondary recycled recycling processing of noise insulation packages of various technical objects, for example, a body (driver’s cabin, passenger compartment, engine compartment, luggage compartment) of automatic telephone exchanges that have completed their life cycle, dismantled from noise reduction packages (sets) and subject to, in this regard, disposal processes, as well as from a similar type of standard noise-reducing packages used in other noise-active means of transport (railway, aviation, tractors, combines, mobile communal and road-building equipment, etc.), units and systems of power plants (stationary ICE, stationary and mobile compressor units, etc.), in construction projects (soundproofing fibrous and / or foamed open-cell panels for wall linings, floors, elevator shafts, ventilation systems, etc.). This, in the end, entails a reduction in the consumption of feedstock intended both for the production of ZPM and for the manufacture of “new” noise-reducing products (due to the appropriate compensation for their replacement secondary recycled recycling products), which ultimately reduces the cost of technical devices and ensures the reduction of environmental pollution by production wastes and unused products of utilization of acoustic materials used as part of noise-absorbing packages Automatic telephone exchange. Thus, this additionally contributes to the improvement of the environmental characteristics of the technical device, including by reducing the number of sound-absorbing substances that must be buried (for example, noise-reducing packages in the components of automatic telephone exchanges that have expired), which prevent their direct energy utilization by burning. To simplify the technological operations of crushing / cutting / cutting and to provide the specified more accurate dosing according to the composition, weight and size parameters, etc., as the initial semi-finished raw materials for the manufacture of the porous sound-absorbing module of the noise suppressor of the intake of ICE, “new” separate fragmented fragmented can be used sound absorbing elements. The term “new” means newly produced elements from a “new” raw material, for example, from a semi-finished product, mainly of a flat-sheet type (flat sheets or ZPM rolls), and not from recyclable materials and parts. Mixtures of dosed combinations of isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements obtained in certain proportions obtained from recycled recycling materials and parts that can contain a certain amount of “new” separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements of a similar type, geometric shape and overall dimensions made from “New” initial semi-finished raw materials for the production of porous ZPM, which, if necessary allows to simplify and purposefully flexibly control the final technical parameters of the formed mixed mass (acoustic, weight, density, stiffness, operational, etc.), by introducing the required quantitative and qualitative dosed additives of the “new” isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements with known acoustic (sound-absorbing) parameters located in a narrow tolerance field that improve, to one degree or another, the specified technical characteristics akteristiki muffler as a whole.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to improve the noise-attenuating properties of the internal combustion engine intake silencer integrated with the bumper of the vehicle for suppressing aerodynamic noise in a wide frequency range generated and propagating in the internal combustion engine intake system, which is part of the vehicle’s power unit, due to the use of the silencer design ICE inlet noise of low-frequency resonator chambers, which provide effective frequency-tuned suppression of gas pulsations and attenuation of noise e energy (sound waves) on the low-damped acoustic low-frequency resonances emitted in the spectra, mid-frequency expansion chambers, in which the acoustic energy is repeatedly reflected towards the source of its generation of the incident sound waves propagating through them, making it difficult for the sound to pass through (ensuring its muffling) in the mid-frequency region of the sound spectrum , as well as in the high-frequency region of the sound spectrum, due to the inclusion of additional porous dissipatives in the sound absorption process sound absorbing surface zones formed by the free surfaces of the faces of separate crushed fragmented sound absorbing elements made of porous ZPMs, the emergence of additional mechanisms for the absorption of sound energy due to arising diffraction edge face effects, and frictional dissipative losses arising from the passage of sound waves through the formed inter-faceted channels ( voids). At the same time, if necessary, the amount of porous sound-absorbing substance used can be significantly reduced due to the indicated increase in the total sound-absorbing effect when the specified required sound damping value is reached, including the use of such cheap and environmentally friendly as ZPM used as feedstock -technological waste, scrap or dismantled and recycled porous sound-absorbing structures as part of noise insulation packages of technical volumes Comrade, be disposed of. This ultimately contributes to the improvement of the environmental characteristics of the vehicle (environmental parameters) by reducing its noise activity and reducing the number of sound-absorbing substances, which are compelled to be disposed of, including buried (for example, dismantled noise-reducing packages from the components of vehicles that have served their term), which do not allow their direct energy utilization by burning as a result of the allocation of harmful and dangerous products of combustion, including depleting the ozone layer, which further increases the economic and environmental efficiency and feasibility of applying the proposed technical solution.

The use of an internal combustion engine intake silencer integrated with the ATS body bumper helps achieve the effects of reducing hydraulic resistance to the air flow transported by the internal combustion engine intake system by its body and air duct elements, caused by additional suppression of pulsating vibrations of the air flow in the cavities of the body and air duct elements by connecting connected to the specified box-shaped box and pipe elements of the combined design of the muffler intelligence of the internal combustion engine inlet integrated with the bumper of the ATC body, additional damping elements (modules), including both hollow chamber cavities and cavities filled with effective porous sound-absorbing substance, which together helps to reduce the pulsation amplitudes of the transported air flow through the components of the internal combustion engine intake system, which allows to increase the filling of the cylinders and, accordingly, to improve the power and economic indicators of the internal combustion engine.

Thus, the claimed invention solves complex technical, environmental and economic problems of minimizing the hydraulic resistance of the intake duct as a whole to increase cylinder filling and improve power and economic performance of the internal combustion engine, optimize the layout of the intake silencer in the ATS and avoid clutter in the cramped space of the engine compartment, increase noise-reducing efficiency of the combined design of the internal combustion engine intake silencer integrated with by the amperage of the ATS body, due to the effective broadband suppression of noise emitted by the intake system of the internal combustion engine ATS, which essentially covers the entire human perceived sound range by damping low-frequency sound with hollow large-sized resonators, medium-frequency with expansion chambers and high-frequency with porous sound-absorbing modules represented (set) of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements located in one or more their closed cavities communicating and / or separated by expansion and / or the resonator chambers (in multi Embodiment) formed in the structure of the muffler internal combustion engine intake noise, integrated with a bumper PBX body, and achieving the resulting effectively reducing overall levels of the external and internal PBX noise.

With regard to porous sound-absorbing modules, the following advantages of the claimed technical solution should be noted:

- improvement of the sound-absorbing properties of the porous sound-absorbing module due to the inclusion of additional sound-absorbing surface zones formed by the free surfaces of the faces of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements in the sound-absorption process, the emergence of additional sound-absorption mechanisms of sound energy due to the arising diffractive edge-side effects, as well as the dissipative mechanism of sound-energy absorption - when passing sound waves in the form ovannym between the contacting faces separate crushed fragmented sound absorbing elements mezhgranevym hollow channels;

- a decrease in the amount of porous sound-absorbing substance used as part of the device of the porous sound-absorbing module of the intake silencer of the internal combustion engine ATS due to the above increase in the total sound-absorbing effect, when the specified required (technical design, technical specifications of production) sound attenuation presented to the intake silencer is achieved ICE, including when using in it such cheap and environmentally friendly raw materials ZPM as used production and technological waste and rejects or products to be disposed of, which ultimately contributes to the improvement of the cost and environmental characteristics of automatic telephone exchanges (environmentally friendly), including by reducing the amount of sound-absorbing substances in demand, as well as in smaller quantities subjected to their forced disposal ( for example, noise-reducing packages as part of automatic telephone exchange components that have expired), which do not allow their direct energy utilization by burning, due to separation, while dnyh and hazardous combustion products, including ozone depleting;

- reduction of associated economic costs for eliminating the consequences of negative environmental impacts, as well as due to the resulting reduction in negative environmental pollution associated with the production of a smaller amount of “new” feedstock, necessary for the subsequent production of porous ZPMs, by their equivalent compensation replacement with used technological ones waste and technological defects in the production of fibrous, foamed open-cell ZPM and / or parts from ZPM, for example, dismantled from the composition of noise-reducing packages (kits) with parts (panels, upholstery, gaskets of porous ZPM) of sound insulation packages of a body (driver’s cabin, passenger compartment, engine compartment, luggage compartment) of automatic telephone exchanges that have completed their life cycle and are subject to processes in this regard recycling, as well as a similar type of standard noise reduction packages used in other technical facilities, for example, noiseless vehicles (railway, aircraft, tractors, combines, mobile communal and road-building equipment, etc.), units and systems of power plants (stationary ICE, stationary and mobile compressor units, etc.), building objects (soundproof fiber and / or foamed open-cell panels for wall linings, interfloor ceilings, elevator shafts, ventilation systems, etc.), which would otherwise be subject to unavoidable processes of energy utilization by burning or burial;

- increasing the productivity and operating efficiency of the ICE intake systems in vehicles by reducing the hydraulic resistance (gas-dynamic backpressure) to a moving pulsating noisy air flow through the housing and air duct elements, which is realized due to the additional suppression of pulsating vibrations of the air flow in these housing and air duct elements as hollow resonator and expansion chambers, as well as being part of the claimed technical troystva porous sound-absorbing modules and, as a consequence, increase cylinder filling and cardinality improved, economic and environmental (lower emissions of toxic substances and CO ₂₎ DIC parameters.

An analysis of the known technical solutions in this technical field showed that the inventive automatic telephone exchange equipped with a combined technical device, in the form of an integrated device with the body bumper of the automatic telephone exchange designed to reduce the aerodynamic noise of the internal combustion engine intake, has signs that are not found in the known technical solutions, and their use in the claimed combination of features makes it possible to obtain a new technical result, therefore, the proposed technical solution has an inventive step in compared with the existing level of technology.

The proposed technical solution is industrially applicable, because can be manufactured industrially, efficiently, feasibly and reproducibly, therefore, it meets the patentability condition “industrial applicability”.

Other features and advantages of the claimed invention are illustrated by the sketches and the following detailed description, where:

- figure 1 shows the engine compartment of the ATS, in particular a passenger car, with a power unit installed in it containing ICE, equipped with an engine intake silencer, integrated with the front bumper of the ATS body, and air intake (suction) from the area under the wheel arch;

- figure 2 shows an embodiment of a silencer of the intake of the internal combustion engine integrated with the front bumper of the vehicle body, with air intake in the area from under the radiator grille of the internal combustion engine with drainage holes made in the walls of the separating tubular partitions (air ducts) and the wall of the silencer body engine intake noise;

- figure 3 presents a variant of the internal components of the design of the silencer of the intake noise of the internal combustion engine, integrated with the front bumper of the vehicle body, in particular a car;

- figure 4 presents an embodiment of a silencer for the intake of internal combustion engines integrated with the front bumper of the vehicle body, in particular a passenger car with a molded porous sound-absorbing module in the form of 2 monolithic semi-briquettes composed of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements;

- figure 5 presents a schematic diagram of a composite element of a noise suppressor of the intake of an internal combustion engine containing a porous sound-absorbing module of the filling type composed of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements;

- Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a component element of an internal combustion engine intake silencer comprising a porous sound-absorbing module of the bulk type composed of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements placed in a closed surface container-type shell made of a thin (not more than 10 mm layer thickness) porous fibrous or foamed open-cell gas-blown ZPM;

- Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a component element of an internal combustion engine intake silencer comprising a porous sound-absorbing module of a briquette type, composed of appropriately fastened soundproof layer in the form of a closed surface shell of a container type of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements fixed on a supporting surface;

- Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a constituent element of an intake silencer of an internal combustion engine - a porous sound-absorbing module of a briquetted type, made up of separately separated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements fixed relative to one another;

- Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a component element of an ICE intake silencer comprising a porous sound-absorbing module of a briquette type, composed of appropriately fastened motionless separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements on a bearing surface of a protective sound-transparent layer in the form of a closed surface shell of a container type and fastened motionless relatively to each other;

- figure 10 presents a schematic diagram of a composite element of an intake silencer ICE - a monolithic porous sound-absorbing module of the briquetted type without lining with a protective sound-transparent layer.

Positions on the presented sketches are indicated by:

1 - dashboard panel;

2 - panel of the radiator frame of the engine cooling system;

3 - radiator;

4 - the panel of the wheel arch of the body;

5 - the panel of the hood;

6 - panel of the lower screen (mudguard) of the engine compartment of the body;

7 - ATS wheel;

8 - transmission unit (gearbox);

9 - ICE;

10 - intake pipes (intake manifold);

11 - gas receiver of the engine intake system;

12 - pipe gas collecting receiver;

13 - air cleaner of the engine intake system;

14 - an intermediate inlet pipe;

15 - silencer intake intake ICE absorption or combined type;

16 - exhaust pipe silencer noise intake engine;

17 - inlet air pipe (air intake) of the intake silencer ICE;

18 - mid-frequency expansion chamber of the exhaust silencer of the engine intake;

19 - low-frequency resonator chamber of the intake silencer ICE;

20 - separation tubular partition (duct) of the intake silencer ICE;

21 - dividing plate partition of the intake silencer ICE;

22 - bypass channels of a dividing tubular or dividing plate partition of the communicating low-frequency resonator and mid-frequency expansion chambers of the intake silencer of the engine intake;

23 - internal nozzles of the mid-frequency expansion chamber of the exhaust silencer of the engine intake;

24 - a tubular throat of a low-frequency resonator chamber (Helmholtz resonator);

25 - drainage hole;

26 - isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of porous ZPM;

27 - cover (hinged, pivotally mounted, removable, using lock joints, hardware, etc.) of the engine intake silencer housing;

28 - a protective sound-transparent lining layer on the dividing tubular and / or dividing plate partitions of the communicating expansion and resonator chambers of the exhaust silencer of the ICE intake at the locations of the bypass channels;

29 - inter-faceted hollow channels between the contacting faces of isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements;

30 - a protective sound-transparent layer forming a closed surface shell of the container type of a high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module;

31 - high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module of the filling type, composed of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements;

32 - high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module of the briquetted type, composed of separate fixed crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements fixed together, with the formation of a monolithic briquette;

33 - adhesive substance;

34 - high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module composed of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, with the formation of composite monolithic briquettes, composite type with molded air ducts;

35 - dead end branches of the ducts forming acoustic 1/4-wave resonators;

36 - a bumper of a body of automatic telephone exchange.

ATS, in particular a passenger car (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3), with a motor compartment limited by the enclosing panels of the body front flap 1 and the radiator frame of the engine 2 cooling system, radiator 3, wheel arch panels of the body 4, bonnet covers body 5, the lower screen (mudguard) of the engine compartment of the body 6, equipped with wheels 7, contains a power unit in the cavity of the engine compartment, consisting of a transmission unit (gear box) 8 and ICE 9 with an intake system including intake pipes (intake manifold) 10 gas receiver 11, the pipe of the gas collection receiver 12, the air purifier 13, the intermediate inlet pipe 14, the intake silencer of the intake engine of the absorption or combined type 15.

The intake silencer of the internal combustion engine 15 of the absorption or combined type is made in the form of a support (integrated) with the bumper structure of the ATC 36 body carrier hollow shell type medium-frequency expansion chamber 18 or low-frequency resonant chamber 19. To the silencer housing of the intake engine ICE 15 formed by the carrier shell and internal the bumper walls of the ATS 36 body are connected to the inlet pipe (air intake) 17 and the outlet pipe 16, and inside the cavity formed (several cavities ) there are tubular and / or slotted air ducts transporting the noisy air flow formed by dividing tubular partitions 20 and / or dividing plate partitions 21 (for variants of several communicating and / or divided chambers in multi-chamber designs of design variants) with bypass channels 22 communicating medium-frequency expansion chambers 18 and low-frequency resonator chambers 19 of the intake silencer of the internal combustion engine, represented by perforation holes (mainly round silt different geometric shapes, e.g., in the form of a slotted embossments limb) cell or reticulated substrate (metal wire, polymeric filaments, etc.). Also, for transporting a noisy air stream, internal nozzles 23 of the mid-frequency expansion chamber 18 of the internal combustion engine intake silencer and tubular throats 24 of the low-frequency resonator chamber 19 (Helmholtz resonators) can be used.

At least one dissipative high-frequency porous (fibrous or foamed open cell) can be located in at least one of the closed internal cavities of the mid-frequency expansion chamber 18 or the low-frequency resonator chamber 19 of the intake manifold of the intake engine ICE 15 integrated with the bumper of the ATS 36 body. structures) sound-absorbing module of the filling type 31, composed of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 26 made of porous ZPM, and / or dissipative a high-frequency porous (fibrous or foamed open-cell structure) sound-absorbing module of the briquetted type 32, composed of separately separated fastened crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 26 made of porous ZPM, with the formation of a monolithic briquette, and / or porous (fibrous or foamed sound-absorbing module 34 (figure 4), composed of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 26 made of porous ZPM, with the formation of composite monolithic briquettes, of a composite type with molded air ducts, which partially or completely fills the volume of the closed cavity of the chamber in which it is located, and which can be further superficially delimited by a protective sound-transparent lining layer 28 on the tubular separation walls 20 and / or dividing plate partitions 21 communicating mid-frequency expansion chambers 18 and low-frequency resonator chambers 19 of the intake silencer ICE 15, integ connected with the bumper of the ATC 36 body, at the locations of the bypass channels on the side of the location of the separate fragmented crushed sound-absorbing elements 26 made of porous ZPM, or on the opposite side of the surfaces of the separation tubular partitions 20 and / or separation plate partitions 21, or a protective sound-transparent layer forming closed surface shell of the container type 30 of a high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module (solid or microperforated foil-ple full-time, fabric, non-woven fabric, thin porous fibrous or foamed open-cell gas-blown layer with a thickness of not more than 10 mm and / or their combined combinations), ensuring the prevention of possible precipitation of isolated fragmented crushed sound-absorbing elements 26 or their parts from the cavities of medium-frequency expansion chambers 18 and / or low-frequency resonator chambers 19 of the intake silencer ICE 15 integrated with the bumper of the ATS 36 body, blowing individual fibers of silt from their porous structure and cells with the air flow sucked into the internal combustion engine 9 by the intake system or streamlined by the incoming air flow of the automatic telephone exchange, to prevent possible entry and accumulation (absorption) into their open-cell foam or porous sound-absorbing structure of various liquids (moisture from the environment, condensate, fuel, lubricant cooling liquids, etc.), small particles, insects, to provide protection against the possible destruction of the porous structure due to freezing of fibrous and / or foamed open-cell material that has entered the pores moisture at low (alternating) temperatures during operation of the vehicle, equipped with an intake silencer ICE 15, integrated (combined) with the bumper of the vehicle ATS 36, containing at least one porous sound-absorbing module 31, 32 or 34.

In some cases, designs for the filling / emptying of the closed internal cavity of the chamber (chambers) of the intake silencer ICE 15 integrated with the bumper of the ATC 36 body, separate fragmented crushed sound-absorbing elements 26, made of porous ZPM (or their replacement and dismantling in the processes of recycled recycling of porous ZPMs from the composition of ATC parts that have completed their life cycle), the intake silencer housing of the ICE 15 intake as one of the private technical The technical versions of the proposed automatic telephone exchange may include a cover 27 (hinged, pivotally fixed, removable, using lock joints, hardware, etc.) with the necessary fixation and sealing elements in the closed position.

High-frequency porous sound-absorbing modules 31, 32, and 34 (Figs. 4-10) are represented by a combination (set) of separate separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 26, which can be made of identical or different types and grades of porous air-blown fibrous and / or foamed open-cell ZPM structures with the same (close) or significantly different physical characteristics, chemical composition, porosity, quantity and various combination of types of structures of porous layers ev in the composition of single and / or multilayer porous structures that are within specified specific overall dimensions, which mainly (the number of which is more than 50% of their total number) are in the size range of 5 ... 100 mm, made in the form of both identical and and various (differing) geometric shapes and dimensions, which in this case compromise (according to the requirements of the technical specifications for the development or technical conditions of production) satisfy the layout, technological and clusical (in terms of achieving maximum sound-absorbing effect) the possibilities of their location, with a random or ordered distribution of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 26 made of porous ZPM, directly inside the specified closed internal cavity of the intake silencer chamber (s) of the engine ICE 15 integrated with ATS 36 body bumper, with the formation of the corresponding inter-faceted hollow channels 29 between the contacting faces of separate fractions GOVERNMENTAL fragmented sound-absorbing element 26, made of porous PAZ.

Separate fragmented crushed sound-absorbing elements 26 made of porous ZPMs can be located in the cavity of the chamber (several chambers) of the intake silencer ICE 15 integrated with the bumper of the ATC 36, freely filled (filled up) (Fig. 5, Fig. 6) (in in this case, possible dynamic contact displacement of isolated fragmented crushed sound-absorbing elements 26 relative to each other) or with their mutual motionless fixing on contacting zones of the bearing surface a protective sound-transparent layer formed in the form of a closed surface shell of the container type 30 of the high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module of the briquetted type 32 (Fig. 7), and / or with mutual fixed fastening relative to each other in the corresponding monolithic briquettes (Fig. 8, Fig. 9), which can be achieved by using one or another type of adhesive 33.

Variants of execution and use of a high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module of the briquetted type 32, composed of fixed separately separated crushed sound-absorbing elements 26 fastened together, with the formation of a monolithic briquette (Fig. 10), which does not contain an external protective sound-transparent layer 30 (if this is not required by the technical task for development or technical conditions of production).

In order to minimize the high-frequency noise radiation generated by the open cut of the intake air intake pipe 17 of the intake silencer ICE 15 generated by the turbulences of the transported air flow caused directly by the inhomogeneities of the internal parts of the intake silencer 15, the high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module 31, 32 or 34 should preferably be placed at least in the last inlet noise propagation (i.e., in the first from the open cut of the intake air inlet th nozzle 17) of the mid-expansion chamber 18 or the low-frequency resonator chamber 19 of the muffler 15, internal combustion engine intake noise.

For ease of installation / dismantling of the claimed technical device, composite monolithic briquettes of a high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module 34 (Fig. 4), composed of separate fragmented sound-absorbing elements 26 fastened together, can be suitably molded and composed of several elements, in particular of two mating halves installed shameless or gapless relative to each other in the inner closed cavity of the chamber (s) of the intake silencer ICE 15 integrated with the bumper of the ATC 36 body. In the plane of the connector, composite monolithic briquettes of a high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module 34 may contain molded air ducts, the inner surfaces of which equidistantly repeat the outer surfaces of the dividing tubular partitions (air ducts) 20 containing dead-end branches of the air ducts 35 forming acoustic ¼-wave resonators.

To ensure the discharge of accumulated various liquids (moisture from the external environment, condensate, fuel, cutting fluids, etc.) from the separation tube walls (ducts) 20 and the inner closed cavity of the mid-frequency expansion chamber 18 and / or low-frequency resonator chamber 19 of the muffler the noise of the intake of the internal combustion engine 15, integrated with the bumper of the ATS 36 body, which can get there during the operation (including the washing process) of the ATS, the walls of the tubular separation walls (air ducts) 20 and the body I ICE intake noise can contain one or several drainage holes 25.

During operation of an internal combustion engine ATS, the intake air flow enters the intake system of the internal combustion engine through the intake air intake pipe 17 to the intake silencer of the internal combustion engine 15 integrated with the body bumper of the automatic telephone exchange 36, then through the exhaust pipe of the intake silencer the internal combustion engine 16 and the intermediate intake pipe 14 enter the air cleaner of the intake system ICE 13, where solid particles are cleaned, then through the pipe of the gas collection receiver 12 it enters the gas collection receiver 11, and then through the inlet pipes 10 into the cylinders of the ICE 9. At the time of opening and closing the inlet apani (not shown) and in the process of changing the volume of the cylinder internal combustion engine 9 occurs pulsating component variable air volume flow, which leads to a dynamic "buildup" air volume enclosed in separate elements of the intake system. Air pulsations and elastic waves of rarefaction and compression of the air medium filling the path of the ICE intake system propagate with the speed of sound in the direction from the inlet valve of the ICE cylinder 9 to the open cut of the inlet air intake pipe 17. Air volumes in individual elements of the ICE intake system as elastic-mass dynamic systems have certain frequency characteristics, qualified frequencies of natural vibrations, "transforming" the input power effect in accordance with their own tnym characteristics and, ultimately, determine the sound radiation (radiation spectrum and its level) produced immediately cut open the inlet of the air intake pipe 17.

Sound waves propagate in the direction from the inlet valve of the engine ICE 9 in the environment of a moving noisy air stream transported through the air ducts of the intake system of the internal combustion engine ATS, get, in particular, into the low-frequency resonator chamber 19 (low-frequency Helmholtz resonator) of the intake silencer ICE 15, through the tubular throat 24 and / or bypass channels 22, which provides an effective appropriate frequency-tuned suppression of gas pulsations and attenuation of noise energy (sound waves) in emitted in ektrah slabodempfirovannyh sound low-frequency acoustic resonances based on the effects realized by noise canceling unit oscillating system with damping, which, when excited by incident sound wave on it, selects from the last acoustic energy at frequencies close to the natural frequency of the Helmholtz resonator formed. If during propagation a sound encounters a system capable of oscillatory excitation, then when it is exposed to incident sound waves, especially with an oscillation frequency close to its own frequencies, it comes into vibrations with an exciting frequency. Taking into account dissipative viscous (dry) friction, the amplitude of the oscillation velocity in the tubular neck 24 (bypass channels 22) of the low-frequency resonator chamber 19 (low-frequency Helmholtz resonator) sharply decreases, causing the corresponding loss of acoustic energy of the incident sound wave.

When the transported noisy air stream enters through the internal nozzles 23 into the mid-frequency expansion chamber 18, the acoustic energy of the incident sound waves propagating along them is repeatedly reflected due to the formation of the corresponding “wave plug” formed by spasmodic changes in the wave resistances of the mating waveguide elements (internal nozzles 23, mid-frequency expansion chamber 18, bypass channels 22), which makes passage difficult sound at certain frequencies due to the inertia of the mass of air in the waveguide elements and ensuring its damping.

It should be borne in mind that this type of sound-attenuating elements (low-frequency resonator chambers 19 and mid-frequency expansion chambers 18) of the intake silencer ICE 15 provide suppression of gas-dynamic noise with pronounced discrete frequency components. In some frequency bands, unacceptably small or even negative attenuation values (i.e., sound radiation amplification effects) of the noise energy transported along them are possible, which requires the introduction of corresponding additional dissipative (scattering) elements.

When using the internal combustion engine intake silencer design 15 high-frequency porous sound-absorbing modules 31, 32 or 34, sound waves propagating in the direction from the intake valve of the internal combustion engine cylinder 9 in the environment of a moving noisy air stream transported through the air intake ducts of the internal combustion engine internal air intake silencer ATS 36 integrated with the bumper body penetrate through the bypass channels 22 (through holes of the perforation or mesh cells) of the tubular separation walls 20 and / or separation walls of partition walls 21 of the mid-frequency expansion chambers 18 and / or low-frequency resonator chambers 19 of the intake silencer ICE 15, a protective sound-transparent layer 28, 30 into the structure of high-frequency porous sound-absorbing modules 31, 32 or 34, which completely or partially fill the internal cavity (s), at least at least one mid-frequency expansion chamber 18 and / or low-frequency resonator chamber 19. As a result, dissipative dissipation of the energy of sound waves and additional damping of the pulsations of the bolt are carried out air flowing into ICE 9 by converting them into thermal energy spent on the work of dynamic deformations of the porous skeleton and the process of friction of the propagated sound waves and air pulsations in the bypass channels 22 of the separation tubular partition 20 and / or separation plate partition 21 of the mid-frequency expansion chamber 18 and / or low-frequency resonator chamber 19 of the intake silencer of the engine ICE inlet 15, as well as in the communicating channels (pores, voids) of the porous structure, including the process of dissipating sound energy ogy implemented by the mechanism of diffraction of sound absorption edge granevogo distinct crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 26 and formed mezhgranevyh channel (cavity) 29 formed by the free gaps between the contacting faces separate crushed fragmented sound absorbing elements 26.

As a result of multiple processes of incidence and reflection of the propagated sound waves from the individual structural elements of the internal combustion engine intake silencer 15, the sound waves lose their energy, which causes the sound-damping effect provided by the internal combustion engine intake silencer 15 and causes a lower noise emission produced by the exchange.

The claimed technical solution is not limited to specific structural examples of its implementation, described in the text and shown in the attached diagrams. Some (minor) changes of various elements or structural materials from which these elements are made, or their replacement with technically equivalent ones that do not go beyond the scope of the claims indicated by the claims, remain possible.

Claims (14)

1. A motor vehicle, mainly a passenger car, equipped with a power unit located in the cavity of the engine compartment, limited by enclosing body panels, containing an internal combustion engine with an intake system including an intake manifold, a gas collection receiver, an air cleaner, intermediate air pipes and an intake silencer made in the form of a load-bearing hollow shell integrated with the vehicle body bumper design, inside of which there is They are dividing tubular and / or lamellar blank partitions and / or partitions with bypass channels, containing an inlet air intake and an outlet outlet pipe, with the formation of at least one medium-frequency expansion and / or low-frequency resonator chamber, characterized in that in a closed cavity of the carrier at least one high-frequency porous sound-absorbing housing is located in a housing shell of the type of a medium-frequency expansion or low-frequency resonator chamber of an intake silencer th module formed by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical or different types and brands of sound-absorbing materials, with identical or different physical characteristics, chemical composition, porosity, quantity and combination of types of structures of porous layers in one / or multilayer combinations, identical or different geometric shape and overall dimensions, mainly in the size range of 5-100 mm, providing suppressed ie the high-frequency noise emission. 2. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements of the high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module of the noise suppressor of the intake of the internal combustion engine are made from the original recyclable material in the form of technologically processed by the method of crushing porous sound-absorbing structures of recyclable parts dismantled from recyclable technical , mainly parts of noise insulation packages of vehicles, completing its life cycle, and / or processing of waste and scrap production of porous sound-absorbing materials and parts from them. 3. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements of the high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module of the noise suppressor of the intake of the internal combustion engine are made from the feedstock in the form of a corresponding semi-finished porous sound-absorbing structure of a fibrous or open-cell material of predominantly flat-sheet type, as a result of with it subsequent technological operations of crushing / cutting / cutting. 4. The motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the structural composition of the high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module is represented by a formed mixture of preset dosage combinations distributed inside a closed cavity of a bearing shell of a silencer of an intake of an internal combustion engine of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements produced from both the raw materials being utilized in the form of uti technologically processed by crushing porous sound-absorbing structures lysed parts dismantled from utilized technical objects, mainly parts of noise insulation packages of vehicles that have completed their life cycle, and / or from technological waste and rejects from the production of porous sound-absorbing materials and parts from them, and from a certain number of isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements produced from the feedstock in the form of an appropriate semi-finished porous sound-absorbing structure of a fibrous or open-cell th material mainly ploskolistovogo type, as a result of him the next technological crushing operations / cutting / slicing. 5. The motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the surfaces of the dividing tubular and / or dividing plate walls of the silencer of the intake silencer of the internal combustion engine of at least one of the chambers in which the high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module is located at the locations of the bypass channels partially or fully lined with a protective soundproof layer. 6. The motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective sound-transparent layer of the high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module forms a closed surface shell of the container type, in which separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements are placed. 7. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements are freely poured into the cavity of the silencer chamber of the intake of the internal combustion engine with the possibility of dynamic contact displacement of the isolated fragmented crushed sound-absorbing elements relative to each other, with the formation of a high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module of the charge type. 8. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements are mutually fixed by adhesive substances on the contacting areas of the bearing surface of the protective sound-transparent layer formed in the form of a closed surface shell of the container type, using one or another type of adhesive substances, with the formation of a high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module of the briquetted type. 9. A motor vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that the composite monolithic briquettes of a high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module of adhesively bonded separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements are appropriately molded and consist of several mating parts that are set to be gapless or gapless relative to each other in an internal closed cavity of the silencer chamber of the intake noise of the internal combustion engine with the formation of the corresponding air duct a dividing deaf tubular walls and / or partitions with passageways in the plane of the mating connector parts, the internal surfaces of which equidistantly repeated outer duct surface. 10. A motor vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that adhesive substances of organic origin are used as adhesive substances — synthetic oligomers and polymers such as phenol-formaldehyde, epoxy and polyester resins, polyamides, polyurethanes, rubbers, thermoplastic, thermoactive or rubber adhesives, inorganic substances origin of the type of aluminophosphate, silicate in liquid form - in solutions, emulsions, suspensions, or in solid form - in films, rods, granules, powders, by temperature melt or applying them on the heated surface. 11. The motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier body hollow shell contains several components of a high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module, delimited by protective sound-transparent layers, in particular in the form of autonomous closed surface shells of a container type. 12. The motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-frequency porous sound-absorbing module is placed in at least one of the intake silencing chamber of the internal combustion engine, the first in the direction from the open cut of the intake pipe to the cylinders of the internal combustion engine. 13. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the walls of the silencer housing of the intake of the internal combustion engine contains a hinged, or hinged, or removable cover with the corresponding elements of its seal and fixed fastening in the closed position . 14. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that in the walls of the dividing tubular partitions (ducts) and / or inlet silencer housing drainage holes are made.

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