RU2542607C2 - Universal membrane-type noise-absorbing module - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, acoustics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means of reducing acoustic noise. A noise-absorbing module comprises a closed separate vessel formed by walls of a pressure shell made of structural acoustic materials in which a porous sound-absorbing substance is placed, represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made from wastes in the form of crushed porous sound-absorbing components dismantled from recyclable man-made objects. The universal membrane-type noise-absorbing module is characterised by given geometrical, weight and size, structural and physical parameters of component elements thereof, is primarily characterised by regular geometric shapes of volumetric cavity elements formed by a bearing flat or moulded non-flat base, the peripheral flanging part of which is mated with an elastic sound-absorbing membrane with zero clearance using an adhesive bond. The cavities of the closed separate vessels contain separate crushed sound-absorbing elements, volumes of which are primarily in the range V_f=4.2×(10^-9…10^-2) m³, the filling density of the cavity of the closed formed separate vessel ρ_f=10…655 kg/m³.

EFFECT: improved noise-absorption.

17 cl, 38 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of noise-reducing constructions of a universal type, designed to reduce noise levels of a various type of noise-vibrating technical objects - vehicles, industrial and technological equipment, power plants, ventilation and air conditioning systems, electric machines, sanitary appliances, household appliances and other noise-vibration-proof technical devices that produce acoustic (noise) pollution, as well as to improve cal comfort in residential, industrial and public areas and buildings.

In well-known scientific monographs and study guides [1, 2, 3, 4], covering the use of a variety of techniques and devices for suppressing (attenuating) noise radiation produced by power equipment, transport vehicles, and building structures, noise-absorbing modules containing in their composition are widely represented porous sound-absorbing substances made in the form of monolithic continuous sheet or roll panel claddings mounted on various types of bearing (support) molded bases yah screen elements, body parts, housings, capsules, compartments, wall structures, etc. structural elements.

[1] Tupov VB Noise reduction from power equipment. - M.: Publishing House MPEI. - 2005 .-- 232 s.

[2] Ivanov N.I. Engineering acoustics. Theory and practice of dealing with noise. - M .: Logos. - 2010 .-- 424 p.

[3] Osipov G. L., Bobylev V. N., Borisov L. A., etc. Sound insulation and sound absorption. - M .: ACT Astrel. - 2004 .-- 450 s.

[4] Helmut V. Fuchs. Schallabsorber und Schalldampfer. Innovative akustische Konzepte und Bauteile mit praktischen Anwendungen in konkreten Beispielen. - Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg. - 2007. - 546 S.

In the well-known scientific monograph [5], along with continuous sheet and rolled porous sound-absorbing claddings (panels, upholstery, gaskets) used as a part of various sound-absorbing modules, monolithic solid-shaped sound-absorbing claddings in the form of a complex spatial shape of shaped elements of compact overall dimensions are also presented having found the widest use in low-noise vehicle designs.

[5] Fesina M.I., Krasnov A.V., Gorina L.N., Pankov L.A. Car acoustic materials. Design and research of low noise vehicle designs. The monograph is in two parts. - Tolyatti: TSU. - 2010. - Part 1 - 304 s., Part 2 - 352 s.

Also known are technical devices of sound-absorbing modules as constituent structural elements using structured porous sound-absorbing layers in the form of rationally perforated and / or narrow-band panels (gaskets, upholstery), which include, in particular, technical devices according to Russian patents for utility models and inventions: RU 52809, RU 72453, RU 78759, RU 81925, RU 2327887, RU 2328382, RU 2369495, RU 2438911, RU 2442698, RU 2456173. The above family of technical devices containing this type of structured porous sound absorbing e layers as constituents of sound-absorbing modules have improved sound-absorbing properties at reduced flow rate of the feedstock (porous sound-absorbing substance). However, their implementation requires the implementation of additional technological operations on specialized technological equipment. At the same time, it is necessary to use expensive raw materials endowed with highly effective sound-absorbing properties and possessing the required technological and operational characteristics.

There are known technical devices of noise-absorbing modules, using anisotropic porous sound-absorbing layers as structural elements, structured with respect to targeted volumetric (surface) localization of structural zones of a given density, porosity, resistance to blowing by air flow, Young's modulus, loss coefficient (modulus). This type of structuring makes it possible to increase the sound-absorbing properties of porous structures with a decrease in their material consumption and dimensions, and in some cases allows to obtain a decrease in cost indicators. However, in most cases of this type of structuring, it is necessary to use complex and expensive technological processes, feedstock and technological equipment. This type of structured porous sound-absorbing layers in the structure of noise-absorbing modules of aggregates and systems of various technical objects is given, in particular, in RU 2243111, RU 2369495, RU 2081010, RU 2410556.

In the known device according to the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2268380, published on January 20, 2006, the design of a noise-absorbing module is described, which comprises two interconnected cellular panels made by pressing or contact molding of a nonwoven fibrous material impregnated with an epoxy binder. The cells of the panels of the noise-attenuating module are arranged on the one hand in regular rows with a one-sided direction of the vertices, and on the other side, the corresponding cross-shaped jumpers between the cells are formed. The external fibrous panel of the noise-attenuating module is perforated through holes, which ensures the formation of throat and / or chamber elements that form battery noise-attenuating devices such as Helmholtz resonators. A significant drawback of the known technical solution is the relatively narrow frequency band of the effective absorption of sound energy provided by it, due to the corresponding use of the frequency-tuned narrow-band effect of resonant sound absorption in the cavities of the formed chambers inherent in technical devices such as Helmholtz resonators. The disadvantage is the complexity of the technological process of manufacturing a technical device and the need to use expensive raw materials and production equipment to perform the operations of forming (pressing) blanks from non-woven materials.

The international application for invention No. 2007/022971, published on 08/23/2006, describes the design of a sound-absorbing module containing a supporting honeycomb structure and two facing layers made of polymeric sound-transparent material covering it from two (front and back) sides. According to the description of the application for inventions, in the manufacture of a sound-absorbing module, heated facing layers are additionally applied to the front and back surfaces of the supporting honeycomb structure. After that, the air cavities of the supporting honeycomb structure, forming a battery of acoustic resonators, are filled with gas (nitrogen or air) under excessive pressure. This causes rapid polymerization (hardening) of the structure of the material of the facing layers and provides a uniform surface of the noise-absorbing module (without the presence of recesses in the cell zones). The disadvantage of the presented technical solution is the mediocre acoustic characteristics of the device due to the fact that the resulting resonant cavities of the noise-absorbing module have selective narrow-band noise-attenuation effects along the width of the frequency range and a low degree of absorption of high-frequency sound energy due to the absence of porous sound-absorbing substances in the cavities of the cells, elimination of sound energy absorption mechanisms when reflecting sound waves from the bottom of the sound-absorbing module .

In the international application for invention No. 2006/128632, published on December 7, 2006, the problem of absorption of sound energy is solved by using the design of a sound-absorbing module containing a battery of acoustic resonators, including a supporting cellular sandwich structure containing side walls separating the cell cavities and the bottom, made of a dense sound-reflecting material containing lining layers of a polymer film, fabric or non-woven fabric of fibrous materials covering as a back continuous the surface of the cellular structure, and its facial discontinuous surface. To ensure a given value and frequency range of the effect of absorption of sound energy, an appropriate selection of the geometric parameters of the cavities of the cellular structure is performed. The disadvantage of this technical solution is the need for time-consuming operations to select the geometric and physical characteristics (observing the accuracy of the frequency tuning) of the technical device in the form of cavities of a cellular structure in order to provide an acceptable (specified by the technical design and production specifications) sound absorption effect. It also requires the implementation of appropriate complex and labor-intensive technological operations for the preparation of production, in particular the manufacture of molds or molding machines.

In the technical device according to French patent No. 2300384, published on 02/07/1975, to expand the frequency range of effective absorption of sound energy, it is proposed to use the design of a sound-absorbing module containing a battery of acoustic resonators, including a embedded structure that combines families of funnel-shaped elements open on both sides of a variable transverse area sections (between inlet, neck and bottom), perforated in separate localized areas through holes and. The mortgage structure is mounted on a carrier base containing a flat part and rectangular open cavities on the front side formed by the side walls so that the funnel-shaped elements of the mortgage structure are placed in the cavity of the carrier base, ensuring their overlap on the front side. The outer surface of the formed prefabricated structure of the noise absorption module is lined with soundproof gas-tight material. Thus, the formed sound-absorbing module contains a battery of acoustic resonators, including two types of communicating acoustic resonator cavities of various dimensions in the funnel-shaped elements of the embedded structure, connected by perforation holes with cavities of the bearing base. The disadvantages of the presented technical solution is the ability to configure the noise-absorbing module to effectively absorb sound energy only in limited frequency ranges, its high cost, the complexity of the manufacturing process and the need to use expensive technological equipment for its production.

US Patent No. 6290022, published September 18, 2001, presents the design of an integrated sound-absorbing module containing a battery of acoustic resonators that provides absorption of sound energy in an extended frequency range of 50 ... 10000 Hz of the sound spectrum. It includes a set of perforated through holes of plates with a thickness of 0.5 ... 5 mm made of elastic polymer material, the front surface area of each of which does not exceed 10% of the front surface area of the noise-absorbing module. The diameter and the pitch of the centers of the perforation holes are different for each plate used. Perforated plates are mounted on a carrier base made of a dense polymer elastomeric sound-reflecting material, in the structure of which corresponding families of cavities (blind channels) of various depths and dimensions are formed, so that the holes of the perforation of the carrier plate are aligned with the cavities of the carrier base. As a result, a large number of families of Helmholtz resonators are integrated in the technical device, integrated into the noise absorption module, with a different combination of the volume of their cavity chambers, diameters and thicknesses (dynamic lengths) of the necks forming the battery of acoustic resonators, which leads to an extended frequency range of noise suppression. The elasticity properties, which are endowed with the constituent elements of the formed sound absorber, make it possible to form claddings from it for mounting surfaces of various geometric shapes. In this case, the composite parameters of the Helmholtz resonators are tuned in such a way that the band of the noise attenuation (sound absorption) of each of the families of acoustic resonators is overlapped by the frequency bandwidth of approximately 50 Hz, with the frequency band of the noise attenuation of other families of acoustic resonators, thereby providing a continuous extended frequency band effective sound attenuation. A significant drawback of the presented technical solution is the need to create a sufficiently large front surface area (increased dimensions) of the noise-absorbing module due to the need to form many families of Helmholtz resonators that provide effective absorption of sound energy in a given extended frequency range (in particular, difficult to reach in the low-frequency range, requiring the use of large acoustic resonators). A technical drawback is the difficulty in achieving effective broadband damping of acoustic energy of this type by a noise-absorbing module, due to the negative mutual influence of the nearby throats of resonators with close values of natural (resonant frequencies) caused by the dynamic interaction of their near acoustic (hydrodynamic) fields. This makes it difficult to predict the final efficiency with respect to the achieved frequency range and the level (degree) of damping of acoustic energy, without the presence (elimination) of negative “dips” in the frequency response of damping of this type of battery of acoustic resonators.

The RF patent for invention No. 2268966, published on January 27, 2006, describes the design of a sound-absorbing module containing a rear sound-reflecting wall made of a dense material, a continuous monolithic layer of sound-absorbing material, endowed with a non-linear geometric shape and pronounced relief surfaces located at an angle to each other to a friend smaller than 180 °, a soundproof front panel perforated through holes. To prevent spillage (gas blowing out) of the particles of sound-absorbing material through the perforation holes in the front soundproof panel, a thin elastic layer of soundproof glass fabric can be mounted on its surface. The disadvantage of the presented technical solution is the increased consumption of the used porous sound-absorbing substance with insufficient absorption of sound energy (especially in the low-frequency region of the sound spectrum). In the manufacture of the specified sound-absorbing module, it becomes necessary to perform a complex technological operation of precision profiling of the surfaces of a layer of porous sound-absorbing material in compliance with the specified tolerance ratios of the intersection angles of the cutting surfaces.

Japanese application for invention No. 2007176363, published on July 12, 2007, describes the design of a sound-absorbing module containing a bearing base made of dense sound-reflecting material, on the surface of which hollow trough-like elements are mounted, having in their cross section mainly the shape of a circle, triangle or square, made by the corresponding technological a process for forming a nonwoven fibrous material. Closed cavities formed between a sound-reflecting supporting surface and hollow trough-like elements filled with porous open-cell sound-absorbing material. By rationalizing the selection of the geometric (overall) parameters of the closed cavities, the corresponding tuning of the absorption efficiency of sound energy is carried out, which is realized mainly for the mid-frequency sound range. A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the unsatisfactory noise-reducing properties of the noise-absorbing module in the high sound frequency range, which is due to the use of a monolithic layer of sound-absorbing material of trough-like elements, molded for structural and technological reasons with high density and low porosity (high resistance to blowing through the air flow).

International application No. 2006016321, published on 02.16.2006, describes the design of a sound-absorbing module containing a rigid load-bearing structural capacity, an elastic soundproof sheath covering its internal cavity. In the formed cavity, a panel of porous sound-absorbing foamed open-cell or non-woven fibrous type is placed. A device is connected to the cavity of the carrying structural capacity, which provides a given excess air pressure or vacuum (partial vacuum) for the subsequent purposeful control of the degree of absorption of the sound energy of the panel and the directional change of the reverberation time in the low-frequency sound range of the room in which the specified sound-absorbing module is installed. The presented design of the sound-absorbing module is characterized by the complexity of execution, cumbersome, high cost and mediocre sound-absorbing properties (which is illustrated by the achieved values of the sound absorption coefficient presented in figure 3 of the marked application for invention).

The German patent for invention No. 3506488, published on 09/04/1986, describes the design of a sound-absorbing module containing a sound-absorbing sheath made of two layers of a polymeric air-blown or non-woven air-blown material connected along the perimeter, filled with a porous sound-absorbing material of foamed open fibrous type. In this case, families of separate cavities can be made in the structure of the carrier sound-transparent shell by forming the corresponding seams by pressing a porous sound-absorbing substance or by adhesive bonding of the layers of the sound-transparent shell using sticky adhesive or thermoactive adhesive material, followed by filling with porous sound-absorbing material. One of the disadvantages of the presented technical solution is the insufficiently high sound-absorbing properties of the used porous sound-absorbing material, made in the form of a continuous monolithic layer of a porous sound-absorbing substance. Another significant drawback is its unsatisfactory cost parameters and environmental safety indicators for the production (disposal) of porous sound-absorbing substances used in the structure of the presented sound-absorbing module, which are caused by their negative impact on the environment. This is due, in particular, to the typical “environmentally dirty” production processes used for the production of large quantities of hydrocarbon feedstock for the subsequent production of foamed open-cell or fibrous types of sound-absorbing substances.

“Ecologically dirty” is also the final stage of its operation as part of a standard product - a noise-absorbing module, with the need for its final disposal at the end of the life cycle of the technical facility in which it is used. It is known that increasing volumes of extraction of expensive source hydrocarbon (oil, gas) raw materials used for the subsequent production of porous sound-absorbing materials, taking into account the irreplaceability of these raw hydrocarbon resources, leads to their inevitable depletion, with the accompanying technological processes of environmental pollution in the processes of its extraction, transportation and subsequent processing. A significant technical problem is, in particular, environmentally hazardous (environmentally dirty) recycling of foamed open-cell sound-absorbing substances, for example, the most widely used open-cell polyurethane foams, preventing their energy recovery by burning, which is also characterized by unsatisfactory degree of suitability (weak demand) for recycled recycling technologies . There is also the difficulty of dismantling and separating adhesive mating dissimilar types of materials of a soundproof sheath and a porous sound-absorbing substance as part of this type of structure of sound-absorbing modules. The traditional technological methods used for recycling recycled recycling of acoustic materials are usually associated with complex chemical and technological processes of their splitting, which leads, inter alia, to additional financial costs, as well as causing negative side effects on the environment. Secondary recycling recycling of fragmentation products (fragments of sound-absorbing materials, porous foamed or fibrous semi-finished products, individual layers, etc.), carried out, for example, to extract electric, thermal and gas energy hidden in materials of organic origin, slags contained in fragmentation products, requires the use of very complex and expensive technologies. In addition, the products of secondary recycled recycling fragmentation themselves, as a rule, are not homogeneous in their structural composition, which requires the use of additional technological operations for their separation and complicates the process of such processing. In the case of the disposal of this type of waste by their subsequent disposal in landfills, material costs also increase due to the lack of free places for their disposal. In these cases, there is a rejection of significant free spaces that could be used to benefit society.

As a prototype, the RF patent for the invention No. 2442705, published on 02.20.2012, which describes the design of a sound-absorbing module containing a perforated load-bearing sound-transparent casing of a metal or polymeric material or of an integrally molded pressed hard-shell porous fibrous material, filled randomly spaced, with the formation of air gaps, separate crushed sound-absorbing elements of an arbitrary geometric shape, the overall dimensions of oryh are preferably in the range of 10 ... 50 mm, the inner and / or outer surface of the shell is lined with perforated walls, at least one layer of protective gazovlagonepronitsaemoy, sound transparency film. The used separate crushed sound-absorbing elements are environmentally friendly products of the secondary processing of porous structures (foamed open-cell, fibrous), mainly, parts of noise insulation packages of vehicles that have completed their life cycle, or a similar type of outdated noise-absorbing parts of noise insulation packages used in noise-energy installations and industrial-technological equipment, noise-absorbing building structures s or technological waste and rejects the production of porous sound-absorbing materials and parts from them. However, the disadvantage of the presented known technical solution is the possibility of its limited use, distributed exclusively on the cramped spaces of the engine compartments of vehicles (in particular, passenger cars). This is due to the limited choice of predetermined geometric shapes, overall dimensions and physico-mechanical parameters of the used soundproof transparent shells. Separated crushed sound-absorbing elements placed in the cavities of the supporting sound-transparent shells provide absorption of sound energy in a given limited frequency range, characteristic (tuned) for specific emitters of sound energy of internal combustion engines of cars (in particular, the noise-active housing of the catalytic collector of the exhaust system).

According to the technical description of the specified patent for invention RU 2442705, the supporting shell of the noise-absorbing module is mounted in the engine compartment of the vehicle on the inner surface of the bonnet and / or on the inner surface of the front flap and / or on the inner surface of the lower screen (mudguard) of the engine compartment, when its mating surface parts (zones) are based on the mounting surfaces of these structural elements. The structure of this shell, performing bending vibrations, forms a combined membrane type sound absorber [5] in the form of a flexible flexurally oscillating low-frequency panel sound energy absorber, mating with the elastic air volume of the shell cavity, as well as the associated attenuation of high-frequency sound energy arising in the structures of porous sound-absorbing substances represented by crushed sound-absorbing elements. However, due to the fact that the carrier shell of the noise-absorbing module according to the prototype is made mainly of a soundproof (and not sound-absorbing) structure, it is rather weakly implementing the process of low-frequency absorption of acoustic energy. In this regard, the resulting noise reduction efficiency of the known technical device will not be high enough. At the same time, the use of a continuous (unfinished) layer of a porous sound-absorbing substance in a closed cavity of a sound-absorbing membrane module, as, in particular, is presented in the analogue of a technical device according to DE 2010062074, it does not allow an elastic sound-absorbing membrane contained in it to realize free higher-amplitude (resonance) bending vibrations, which is caused by the toughening effect of a continuous layer of a porous substance placed in the cavity of a membrane sound-absorbing device on elastic-mass characteristics of the air volume of the specified cavity. In this regard, the air volume of the cavity, as an elastic-dissipative element to which the oscillating mass of the membrane is attached, will become more dynamically rigid (less dynamically pliable), which will change the natural frequency of oscillations of the membrane, lower the amplitude of its resonant vibrational displacements with a concomitant decrease in the energy spent on it deformation vibrations and the final weaker conversion (dissipation) of vibrational (acoustic) energy into thermal energy.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the claimed invention consists in a predetermined resulting improvement in the noise-reducing efficiency of the device in an extended frequency range, an increase in possible applications, the implementation of the principles of "universalization", "unification" and "typification" of designs of noise-absorbing modules, achieved with the least material and labor costs , by selecting the specified geometric, weight, dimensional, structural and physical characteristics of its constituent elements.

Below are the concepts used in the application of the terms and definitions. Universalization - increasing the efficiency of a technical object by expanding its functions and increasing the range of possible areas of use. The main economic significance of universalization is the replacement of several specialized technical facilities that perform individual functions or are used in separate areas with one universal technical facility.

Typification is a unification method consisting in the development of standard solutions for their use in the creation of new products, processes or in the performance of relevant work.

Unification is a relative reduction in the diversity of elements compared to the variety of systems in which they are used. Elements of unification can be devices, processes, as well as their signs or a combination of these signs, considered when solving the problem as an indivisible whole.

Recycling - the collection, transportation, disassembly, disposal of technical objects and the disposal of unused waste.

Recycling - the use of waste for good.

Waste - any substance or object that has completed its life cycle that the owner of a technical object throws away, or intends to throw it away, or they are to be thrown away.

Recycling - the return to the production of materials through their subsequent processing. The use of recycled materials, for example, for the manufacture of vehicles is encouraged at the international level, in particular by the action of the European Community Directive (Directive 2000/53 / EC). It should be borne in mind that in such cases, the characteristics of components (technical devices) made from recycled materials should not deteriorate. Particular attention is paid to the issues of marking parts and components of vehicles made of rubber and plastic. With the help of the marking system, decisions can be made on the separated sorting of materials, their subsequent processing or disposal of unused materials. Vehicle manufacturers, together with manufacturers of components (parts, assemblies) and manufacturers of materials for them, are required to use standards for the code designation of assemblies and materials and, in particular, to identify those parts and materials that are suitable for recovery, recycled recycling or energy recovery.

To achieve the claimed technical result in the known design of a sound-absorbing module containing a closed separate container formed by the walls of the carrier shell made of structural acoustic materials endowed with low sound-reflecting properties when sound waves pass into the cavity of a closed separate container in which there is a porous sound-absorbing substance represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements provide the geometric, weight, dimensional, structural and physical parameters of its constituent elements, the geometric shape of the noise-absorbing module is represented mainly by regular geometric figures of volume cavity elements formed by a bearing flat or molded non-planar base, which is gapless along the perimeter flanging part, using adhesive bonding, an elastic sound-absorbing membrane is mated in which separate crushed sound-absorbing elements are placed, the volumes of which It is advantageously in the range of V _f = 4,2 × (10 ^{-2 -9} ... 10) m ^3, the density of filling of the cavity of the closed container is molded separate ρ _p = 10 ... 655 kg / m ^3.

According to the claimed technical solution, a porous sound-absorbing substance located in a closed cavity of the tank is represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, mainly (more than half), made of identical or different types of structures and grades of sound-absorbing materials, characterized by identical or different physical characteristics, chemical composition , porosity, quantity and combination of used types of structures of porous layers in the composition of but- and / or their multilayer combinations, identical or different geometric shapes and dimensions, made from recyclable waste, represented in the form of parts and assemblies technologically processed by the method of crushing porous sound-absorbing structures, dismantled from utilized technical objects, mainly parts and assemblies of noise insulation transport packages means that have completed their life cycle and / or from technological waste and rejects from the production of porous sound-absorbing materials and hoists of them.

As the composition of the feedstock used for the manufacture of this type of sound-absorbing substance of a universal sound-absorbing module, separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements obtained in the form of products of recycled recycled recycling processing of technological waste and / or technological waste from the production of fibrous, foamed open-cell sound-absorbing materials and / or parts from these types of sound-absorbing materials, as well as obtained from parts (panels, upholstery, gaskets made of porous sound-absorbing materials) selected for secondary recycled recycling recycling of noise insulation packages of various noise-generating technical objects, for example, vehicle interior parts (driver’s cabin, passenger compartment, engine compartment, luggage compartment), having completed their life cycle, dismantled from the composition of noise-reducing packages (sets) and subject, in this regard, to disposal processes, and also from a similar type of standard noise reduction packages used in other noise-related technical facilities, for example, means of transport (railway, aviation, tractors, combines, mobile communal and road-building equipment, etc.), units and systems of power plants (stationary internal combustion engines, stationary and mobile compressor units, etc.), in construction sites (soundproof fiber and / or foamed open-cell panels for wall footers ok, floors, elevator shafts, ventilation systems, etc.). Their renewable use, in the end, entails a reduction in the demanded consumption of feedstock intended both for the production of sound-absorbing materials and for the manufacture of “new” noise-reducing products from it (due to the corresponding compensation replacing them with available semi-finished products for secondary recycled recycling). This ultimately reduces the cost of the produced technical device, and also ensures the reduction of environmental pollution by generated industrial wastes and unused products for the disposal of acoustic materials used as part of sound-absorbing packages of various types of noise-generating technical objects, and especially vehicles. Thus, ultimately, this helps to improve the environmental characteristics of the device, including by reducing the number of sound absorbing substances that must be buried (for example, noise-reducing packages in the components of vehicles that have expired), which do not allow their direct energy utilization by burning. To simplify the technological operations of crushing / cutting / cutting and to provide the specified more accurate dosing by composition, weight and size parameters, etc., as the initial semi-finished raw materials for the manufacture of sound-absorbing substances of the sound-absorbing module, the “new” isolated crushed can also be partially used fragmented sound absorbing elements. The term “new” means newly produced elements from a “new” raw material, for example from a semi-finished product, mainly of a flat-sheet type (flat sheets or rolls of sound-absorbing material), and not from recyclable materials and parts. Mixtures of dosed combinations of isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements obtained in certain proportions obtained from recycled recycling materials and parts that can contain a certain amount of “new” separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements of a similar or different type, geometric shape and overall dimensions made can be used. from the "new" initial semi-finished raw materials for the production of porous sound -absorbent materials. If necessary, this makes it possible to simplify and purposefully more flexibly control the final technical parameters of the formed mixed mass (acoustic, weight, density, stiffness, operational, etc.) by introducing the required quantitative and qualitative dosed additives of “new” isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements with known, for example, acoustic (sound-absorbing) parameters that are in a narrower tolerance field that improve the required technical measure indicated technical characteristics of the noise absorption module as a whole.

The analysis of scientific, technical and patent documentation on the priority date in the main and related sections of the MKI shows that the set of essential features of the claimed technical solution was not previously known, therefore, it meets the patentability condition of “novelty”.

The analysis of known technical solutions in the art showed that the claimed device has features that are not available in the known technical solutions, and their use in the claimed combination of features makes it possible to obtain a new technical result, therefore, the proposed technical solution has an inventive step compared to the existing level technicians.

The proposed technical solution is industrially applicable, because can be manufactured industrially, efficiently, feasibly and reproducibly, therefore, meets the patentability condition “industrial applicability”.

Other features and advantages of the claimed invention will become apparent from the drawings and the following detailed description of the claimed device, where:

- figure 1 presents an isometric diagram and cross-sections of three structural and technological options for the implementation of a universal membrane sound-absorbing module containing an elastic sound-absorbing membrane made of a porous fibrous or open-cell foam material, which is seamlessly fixed with its peripheral flanging part with the mating surface of the bearing flat base made from a hard, dense, sound-reflecting material, with the formation of it (elastic sound-absorbing membrane) of three closed molded separate containers in which a porous sound-absorbing substance is placed, represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials (execution 1), or different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials, each of which is placed in a separate closed molded segregated tank (version 2), or different types of corresponding structures ur sound-absorbing materials randomly distributed over the volume of the cavities of three closed molded separate containers (version 3);

- figure 2 presents an isometric diagram and cross-sections of three structural and technological options for the implementation of a universal membrane sound-absorbing module containing an elastic sound-absorbing membrane made of porous fibrous or open-cell foam material, perforated through holes and seamlessly secured by its peripheral flanging part with a mating surface molded carrier base made of hard, dense, sound-reflecting of its material, with the formation of closed molded separate containers in which a porous sound-absorbing substance is placed, represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials (execution 1), or different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials, each of which is placed in separate closed molded segregated containers (version 2), or different types of corresponding actuating structures absorbing materials, randomly distributed over the volume of the three closed cavities molded separate containers (version 3);

- figure 3 presents an isometric diagram and cross sections of three structural and technological options for the implementation of a universal membrane sound-absorbing module containing an elastic sound-absorbing membrane made of a porous fibrous or open-celled foam material, defensibly secured by its peripheral flanging part with the mating surface of a non-planar molded bearing base, made of hard, dense, sound-reflecting material, forming closed x molded separate containers in which a porous sound-absorbing substance is placed, represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials (execution 1), or different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials, each of which is placed in a separate closed molded separate container (execution 2), or different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials als, randomly distributed over the volume of the three closed cavities molded separate containers (version 3);

- figure 4 presents an isometric diagram and cross sections of three structural and technological options for the implementation of a universal membrane sound-absorbing module containing an elastic sound-absorbing membrane made of a porous fibrous or open-celled foam material, which is defensibly secured by its peripheral flanging part with the mating surface of a non-planar molded supporting base made of dense hard sound-reflecting material with an image by holding closed molded segregated containers in which a porous sound-absorbing substance is placed, represented by segregated fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials (execution 1), or different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials, each of which is placed in a separate closed molded isolated containers (version 2), or different types of corresponding sound structures ogloschayuschih material randomly distributed over the volume of the three closed cavities molded separate containers (version 3);

- figure 5 presents an isometric diagram and cross sections of three structural and technological options for the implementation of a universal membrane sound-absorbing module containing an elastic sound-absorbing membrane made of a porous fibrous or open-celled foam material, defensibly secured by its peripheral flanging part with the mating surface of a non-planar molded container bearing base type made of a dense hard sound-reflecting material, with the image One closed molded container, in the cavity of which a porous sound-absorbing substance is placed, represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials (design 1), or different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials randomly distributed throughout the volume of the closed molded cavity ( execution 2, 3), with options for the absence of adhesion;

- Fig.6 shows an isometric diagram and cross sections of three structural and technological options for the implementation of a universal membrane sound-absorbing module containing an elastic sound-absorbing membrane made of a porous fibrous or open-celled foam material, which is defensibly secured by its peripheral flanging part with the mating surface of a non-planar molded bearing base, made of dense hard sound-reflecting material, with the formation of 15 shaped molded separate containers in which a porous sound-absorbing substance is placed, represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials (execution 1), or different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials, each of which is placed in a separate closed molded separate container (execution 2), or different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials rials, layer-by-layer distributed over the volume of the cavities of three closed molded separate containers (version 3);

- Fig. 7 shows cross-sections of three structural and technological embodiments of a universal membrane sound-absorbing module containing an elastic sound-absorbing membrane made of a porous fibrous or open-cell foam material that is seamlessly secured with its peripheral flanging part and the mating surface of a non-planar molded bearing base made of a dense hard sound-reflecting material, with the formation of closed molded separately containers, in which a porous sound-absorbing substance is placed, represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials (design 1), or different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials, each of which is placed in a separate closed molded separate container (design 2), or different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials, layer by layer distribution PARTICULAR (vertical fibers) in terms of the three closed cavities molded separate containers (version 3);

- Fig. 8 shows cross-sections of three structural and technological embodiments of a universal membrane sound-absorbing module containing an elastic sound-absorbing membrane made of a porous fibrous or open-cell foam material that is seamlessly fixed with its peripheral flanging part to the mating surface of a non-planar molded bearing base made of a dense hard sound-reflecting material, with the formation of closed molded separately containers, the dividing walls of which are inclined to the vertical plane, in which a porous sound-absorbing substance is placed, represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials (execution 1), or different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials, each which is located in a separate closed molded segregated container (version 2), or ayuschihsya types of sound absorbing structures corresponding materials Assignments layers on the volume occupied by the three closed cavities molded separate containers (version 3);

- figure 9 presents the cross-section of three structural and technological options for the implementation of a universal membrane sound-absorbing module containing an elastic sound-absorbing membrane made of a porous fibrous or open-celled foam material, which is seamlessly secured by its peripheral flanging part with the mating surface of a non-planar molded bearing base made of a dense hard reflective material, with the formation of one closed molded oboso a porous sound-absorbing substance, which is represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials (execution 1), with the formation of four closed molded separate cavities, in which a porous sound-absorbing substance, represented by separate, fragmented, fragmented sound-absorbing, is placed elements made of different types their structures of sound-absorbing materials placed randomly in closed molded separate cavities (version 2), formed by an elastic sound-absorbing membrane, or each of which is placed in a separate closed molded separate container (version 3);

- figure 10 presents an illustrative example of a possible placement of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules, made according to the above structural and technological options, in the space of the mine and the engine room of a passenger or freight elevator, which are freely laid on the floor surfaces and fixed to the wall structures of the room ;

- figure 11 presents an illustrative example of the placement of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices mounted in a residential, office or industrial premises, presented in the form of corresponding sound-absorbing cladding wall panels mounted on the inner surfaces of the walls, with using appropriate remote fastening mechanical elements, in the form of horizontal suspended ceiling panels (backstage), and / or placed at a predetermined distance from the ceiling surface (with a given air gap) and secured using appropriate cable elements, and / or vertical suspended ceiling panels placed at a predetermined distance from each other and secured by appropriate mechanical fastening elements or sticky adhesion to the surface of the ceiling of the room, having a longitudinal and cross section of a rectangular geometric shape;

- Fig. 12 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules, made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices, in a residential, office or industrial room and presented in the form of sound-absorbing cladding wall panels mounted on the inner surfaces of the walls using appropriate fasteners remote mechanical elements having, in particular, in a longitudinal and transverse section a rectangular geometrical the shape, shape of the octagon and / or in the form of horizontal suspended ceiling panels placed at a predetermined distance from the ceiling surface (with a given air gap) and fixed to it using, for example, cable elements;

- Fig.13 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices mounted in a residential, office or industrial premises, presented in the form of corresponding sound-absorbing cladding wall elements mounted on the inner surfaces of the walls, elastic sound-absorbing membrane which forms a continuous plane, in the form of horizontal suspended ceiling panels (wings), p placed at a predetermined distance from each other and secured by appropriate fastening mechanical elements or adhesive adhesion to the surface of the ceiling of the room, having a longitudinal and cross section of a rectangular geometric shape;

- Fig. 14 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices mounted in a residential, office or industrial building, presented in the form of corresponding sound-absorbing cladding ceilings mounted on the inner surfaces of the ceiling, elastic the sound-absorbing membrane of which forms a continuous plane, in the form of sound-absorbing cladding wall panels, fixed on the inner surfaces of the walls using appropriate fastening remote mechanical elements;

- Fig. 15 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices mounted in a residential, office or industrial room, presented in the form of corresponding sound-absorbing cladding wall panels mounted on the inner surfaces of the walls and in in the form of vertical suspended ceiling panels (wings), placed in the space between the beams of the upper floor of the room at given distance from each other and fixed by means of respective mechanical fastening elements, or adhesive bonding to the adhesive surface of the ceiling of a room having a longitudinal and cross section of a rectangular geometric shape;

- Fig. 16 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices mounted in a residential, office or industrial building, presented in the form of corresponding sound-absorbing cladding wall panels mounted on the inner surfaces of the walls and in in the form of horizontal suspended ceiling panels (in the form of a suspended ceiling) placed in the space between the upper ceiling the inner space of the room and fixed rope by means of respective elements;

- on Fig presents an illustrative example of the placement of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of sound-absorbing molded cladding panels and having, in particular, the geometric shape of an elongated truncated pyramid mounted by means of appropriate mechanical fasteners or the corresponding type of sticky adhesive on the inner surfaces of the housing elements Tumbling shumoaktivnoy Industrial installation intended to perform chemical-mechanical treatment process and improved surface quality preforms and finished parts;

- Fig. 18 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules made in the form of various structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements of various geometric shapes such as a cone, a truncated cone, a ball, a cube with truncated corners, a rectangular parallelepiped, parallelepiped with individual spherical faces freely laid on top of each other in the air cavity of the industrial power transformation housing Torah;

- Fig. 19 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements having a geometric cube shape, freely laid on top of each other in free zones of the lower part of the air cavity of the housing industrial power transformer, as well as in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements having a geometric shape of a truncated cone, mount Baths on the inner surfaces of its walls by means of suitable mechanical fasteners or adhesive bonding surface;

- Fig.20 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements having a geometric cube shape, freely laid with their faces and ribs on top of each other in free air spaces between the supporting bearing profiles of an industrial dry type power transformer, as well as in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements, having x geometric shape of a truncated cone, mounted by suitable mechanical fasteners or adhesive surface adhesively engage the interior surfaces of the transformer station colliding walls;

- on Fig presents an illustrative example of the placement of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of spherical cavity formations, freely stacked on top of each other, in air-free cavities contained in the concrete base, noise-vibration-free industrial core mill (for example, intended for grinding mineral raw materials and semi-finished products in the construction industry materials, mining and chemical industry), as well as in the form of conical sound-absorbing elements of the briquette type, having a geometric cone shape, mounted on the inner surfaces of the walls of its noise-insulating casing, by using appropriate mechanical fasteners or the corresponding type of adhesive adhesive joint;

- Fig. 22 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of a corresponding type of sound-absorbing cladding elements that have a geometric cone shape, mounted on the inner surfaces of the walls of the soundproof casing of a mechanical gearbox through appropriate mechanical fasteners or appropriate type of surface oral sticky adhesive compound;

- Fig.23 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements having a geometric cube shape, freely laid by the supporting zones of the ribs on top of each other in free air cavities, formed between the functional elements of an industrial crusher, as well as presented in the form of volumetric cladding sound-absorbing elements, geometrical parallelepipeds of various heights mounted on the inner surfaces of the walls of the noise-insulating casing enclosing it, by using appropriate mechanical fasteners or the corresponding type of surface adhesive adhesion;

- on Fig presents an illustrative example of the placement of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements having a geometric parallelepiped mounted on the inner surfaces of the walls of the soundproofing screen installed near the metal cutting turning screw cutting machine, through the use of appropriate mechanical fasteners or an essential type of surface sticky adhesive compound;

- Fig.25 presents an illustrative example of the placement of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements having a geometric shape of the base of the pentagonal prism, freely laid by contacting ribs and / or faces on top of each other in the zones of the cavity of the soundproof casing, covering the housing of an industrial centrifugal pump, free of its component functional Tehnological devices and systems;

- Fig.26 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements having a geometric shape of a cone mounted on the inner surfaces of the walls of the ceiling of an isolated technical room, in which compressor station of the production workshop, as well as in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements suspended on the backside distance from the ceiling surface of the technical room through appropriate mechanical cables, as well as in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements freely laid in the airspace of the room, free from functional technological devices and systems of the pumping station;

- Fig. 27 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal membrane noise-absorbing modules made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices in the form of truncated pyramids mounted on the walls and ceiling of a semi-anechoic acoustic chamber equipped with a dynamic driving research stand with running drums, using appropriate mechanical fasteners or appropriate type of surface adhesive Connections and versatile sound-absorbing modules stacked freely in the space under the floor of the technical room acoustic anechoic chamber;

- Fig. 28 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices in the form of truncated pyramids mounted on the wall and ceiling surfaces of an anechoic acoustic chamber with a research drive motor stand placed in it in an underground space the technical room of an anechoic acoustic chamber, through the use of appropriate mechanical fasteners entrances or the corresponding type of surface adhesive adhesion, as well as the placement of universal membrane noise-absorbing modules in the form of cylinder bases fastened in the corresponding three-section blocks of pentagonal geometric shape, suspended by appropriate mechanical cable elements and / or freely laid on the floor surface of the underground space of the technical chamber room, and universal membrane noise absorbing modules in the form of volumetric cubic with rounded p gotu kola sound absorbing elements stacked with their free edges at each other in the space of the technical room (in the zone of the brake device mounting stand);

- Fig. 29 shows an example of illustrative placement of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements having a geometric shape of a truncated pyramid, mounted by means of appropriate mechanical fasteners or the corresponding type of surface adhesive adhesive connections on the inner surfaces of the walls of the room in the space of which p found on the rear autonomous power (e.g., a diesel generator set);

- Fig. 30 shows examples of possible structural options (a, b, c) of vertical mounting of universal membrane noise-absorbing modules on a horizontal surface (for example, the ceiling of a production room) by using the corresponding mechanical locks in the form of two elastically deformable links (a) , one elastically deformable and one rigid undeformable links (b), two rigid undeformable links of the “hook-hole” type (c);

- Fig. 31 shows examples of possible structural options (a, b, c) of vertical mounting of bilateral universal membrane sound-absorbing modules on a horizontal surface (for example, the ceiling of a production room) by using the corresponding mechanical locks in the form of two elastically deformable links (a ), one elastically deformable and one rigid undeformable links (b), two rigid undeformable links of the “hook-hole” type (c);

- Fig. 32 shows examples of possible structural options (a, b, c) for horizontal mounting of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules by using the appropriate type of adhesive mounting layer, in the form of localized clusters (formations) of adhesive adhesive material (a), adhesive mounting layer in the form of a sticky adhesive substance evenly distributed over the surface (b), a mechanical threaded connection “stud-nut" (c), fastening flush with the horizontal enclosing th surface and retention due to friction (g);

- Fig. 33 shows examples of possible structural options (a, b, c) for horizontal mounting of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules by using appropriate suspension units mounted on a horizontal surface (for example, the ceiling of a production room), made in the form of the corresponding type of remote mechanical fasteners (a), in the form of suspended cable elements connected to an external supporting soundproof sheath (b), in the form of suspended cable el ments connected to the reinforcing element mortgage universal noise absorbing module (c);

- Fig. 34 shows examples of possible structural options (a, b, c) for horizontal mounting of double-sided universal membrane noise-absorbing modules through the use of appropriate suspension units mounted on a horizontal surface (for example, the ceiling of a production room), made in the form of the corresponding type remote mechanical fasteners (a), in the form of suspended cable elements connected to an external supporting soundproof shell (b), in the form of suspension th cable elements connected to the embedded reinforcing element of a universal sound-absorbing module (c);

- Fig. 35 shows examples of possible structural options (a, b, c) for vertical mounting of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules by using the appropriate type of mounting spikes passing through the structure of a solid support base (a), mechanical fasteners with fastening of a universal sound-absorbing membrane module flush with the vertical enclosing surface (b), mounting elastic (vibration-isolating) elements integrated into the structure of the carrier is based I (c);

- Fig. 36 shows examples of possible structural options for fastening in the vertical (a) and horizontal (b) position of the universal membrane sound-absorbing modules by using the appropriate type of mounting profiles fixed to the mounting surface by means of mechanical fasteners;

- Fig. 37 shows examples of possible structural options for grouping universal membrane noise-absorbing modules into battery assemblies by means of a corresponding tongue-and-groove joint formed by alternately interconnecting modules containing grooves and ridges in their structure;

- Fig.38 shows the results of determining the indicator "equivalent sound absorption area" of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules, mating their back surface with the floor surface of the reverberation chamber "Cabin Alpha":

structural composition A — monolithic sample 1000 × 1200 mm (1.2 m ² ) 50 mm thick, placed in a closed separate cavity 4 formed by an elastic sound-absorbing membrane 2 made of a porous fibrous material (3 mm thick) and a non-planar molded base 3 made of dense polymeric material (3 mm thick);

structural composition B - a monolithic sample of 1000 × 1200 mm (1.2 m ² ) 50 mm thick, crushed into fragments of 0.0025 m ² × 960 pieces, placed in a closed separate cavity 4 formed by an elastic sound-absorbing membrane 2 made of porous fibrous material (3 mm thick) and a non-planar molded supporting base 3 made of a dense polymeric material (3 mm thick).

The following notation is introduced in the figures shown:

1 - isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements;

2 - elastic sound-absorbing membrane of a porous fibrous or open-cellular foam material of a continuous non-perforated or perforated structure;

3 - a bearing flat or molded non-planar base made of a rigid dense sound-reflecting material of a continuous non-perforated or perforated structure;

4 - cavities of closed molded separate containers in which a porous sound-absorbing substance is placed;

5 - mounting holes;

6 - perforation holes;

7 - universal membrane sound-absorbing module;

8 - elevator shaft;

9 - engine compartment;

10 - elevator car;

11 - doors of the elevator car;

12 - cab suspension cables;

13 - counterweight of the elevator car;

14 - guides of the counterweight;

15 - guide elevator car;

16 - chipper;

17 - an electric motor equipped with a control system;

18 - floor of a residential, office or industrial premises;

19 - walls of a residential, office or industrial premises;

20 - ceiling of a residential, office or industrial premises;

21 - cable element for fixing universal membrane noise-attenuating modules represented by horizontal suspended ceiling panels placed with an air gap at a given distance from the ceiling surface;

22 - silencer aerodynamic noise ventilation system industrial tumbling installation;

23 - viewing windows of an industrial tumbling installation;

24 - casing V-belt drive industrial tumbling installation;

25 - door for loading and unloading industrial tumbling installation;

26 - tumbling drums of an industrial tumbling installation;

27 - a casing of an electric motor and a mechanical gearbox of an industrial tumbling installation;

28 - case elements of industrial tumbling installation;

29 - high voltage inputs of an industrial power transformer;

30 - taps from the high voltage winding of an industrial power transformer;

31 - high voltage winding of an industrial power transformer;

32 - housing industrial power transformer;

33 - core industrial power transformer;

34 - frame elements of an industrial power transformer;

35 - reference profiles of an industrial power transformer;

36 - conclusions of an industrial power transformer;

37 — drive units of an industrial core mill;

38 - loading device (feeder) of an industrial core mill;

39 - drum industrial core mill, grinding elements;

40 - unloading device of an industrial core mill;

41 - wall of the noise insulating casing of a noise-active technical system made of a dense airtight soundproofing material;

42 - drive shaft of a mechanical gearbox;

43 - a worm shaft of a mechanical reducer;

44 - ball bearing of a mechanical gearbox;

45 - tapered bearing of a mechanical gearbox;

46 - a worm wheel of a mechanical reducer;

47 - housing mechanical gear;

48 - receiving hopper of an industrial crusher;

49 - frame loading part of an industrial crusher;

50 - drive motor of an industrial crusher;

51 - flywheel industrial crusher;

52 - input drum of an industrial crusher;

53 - fine grinding drums of an industrial crusher;

54 - pulley industrial crusher;

55 - discharge chamber of an industrial crusher;

56 - mounting frame industrial crusher;

57 - the tailstock of a screw-cutting lathe;

58 - bed of a screw-cutting lathe;

59 - the front headstock of a screw-cutting lathe;

60 - spindle of a screw-cutting lathe;

61 - tool holder of a screw-cutting lathe;

62 - feed box of a screw-cutting machine;

63 - a centrifugal pump wheel;

64 - drive shaft of a centrifugal pump;

65 - a centrifugal pump housing with internal channels;

66 - bearing units of a centrifugal pump;

67 - a centrifugal pump pulley;

68 - bed of a centrifugal pump;

69 - suction duct of the compressor station;

70 - moisture separator of the compressor station;

71 - air intake compressor station;

72 - drive electric motor of the compressor station;

73 - bearing base of the compressor station;

74 - outlet duct of the compressor station;

75 - case shell semi-anechoic acoustic chamber;

76 - vibration-isolating floor springs of a semi-anechoic acoustic chamber;

77 - vibration-isolated foundation of the drive (brake) dynamometer stand;

78 - floor semi-anechoic acoustic chamber;

79 - running drums of the drive (brake) dynamometer stand;

80 is a system of forced exhaust exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine of a test wheeled vehicle;

81 - test vehicle;

82 - measuring and analyzing equipment;

83 - device for holding the investigated vehicle on the rotating drums of the drive (brake) dynamometer stand;

84 - case shell anechoic acoustic chamber;

85 - balancing asynchronous machine drive (brake) dynamometer stand;

86 - vibration-isolating springs of the foundation of an anechoic acoustic chamber;

87 - soundproof metal grill floor anechoic acoustic chamber;

88 - floor anechoic acoustic chamber;

89 - vibration-isolated foundation of a balancing asynchronous machine;

90 - belt drive drive dynamometer stand;

91 - housing bearing unit drive dynamometer stand;

92 - the investigated object is an internal combustion engine;

93 - elements of a system of vibration-isolated mounting of an internal combustion engine on a stand;

94 - shock absorbers (vibration isolators) of an autonomous power station;

95 - exhaust pipe of an autonomous power station;

96 - intake duct of an internal combustion engine as part of an autonomous power station;

97 - mounting (horizontal, vertical, inclined) surface of the mounting wall of a universal membrane sound-absorbing module;

98 - castle mechanical joints;

99 - adhesive intermittent coating, presented in the form of localized surface distributions of a sticky adhesive or thermoactive adhesive substance;

100 - adhesive surface coating, presented in the form of a continuous continuously distributed sticky adhesive or thermoactive adhesive substance;

101 - mechanical threaded connection "stud-nut";

102 - remote mechanical fasteners;

103 - suspended cable elements;

104 - embedded reinforcing element of the rod type;

105 - mounting spikes;

106 - mounting elastic elements;

107 - groove-ridge joint of sound-absorbing modules;

108 - mounting profile;

109 - sound-reflecting floor of a small reverberation chamber "Cabin Alpha";

110 - internal partitions of a multi-chamber structure of a closed isolated tank;

111 - floor beams;

112 - window openings;

113 - technological communications hidden by a suspended ceiling.

The inventive universal membrane sound-absorbing module 7 is designed to reduce noise of various types of noise-related technical objects - vehicles, industrial and technological equipment, sanitary equipment, power plants, ventilation and air conditioning systems, electrical machines, household appliances, the noise levels of which are regulated by relevant regulatory standards and technical conditions (technical requirements) of their production and operation, as well as to provide the required acoustic comfort in the premises of residential, industrial and public buildings. The universal membrane sound-absorbing module 7, presented mainly in the form of regular geometric figures of volumetric cavity elements, contains an elastic sound-absorbing membrane 2 of a porous fibrous or open-celled foam material, adhesivelessly bonded with its peripheral flanging part with the mating surface of a flat and / or molded non-planar bearing base 3, made of hard, dense, sound-reflecting material, with the formation along at least one cavity of a closed molded separate container 4. A porous sound-absorbing substance, represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, made of identical or different types of structures and brands of sound-absorbing materials characterized by identical or different physical characteristics, chemical composition, is placed in the cavity of a closed molded separate container 4. , porosity, quantity and combination of used types of structures of porous layers in the composition single and / or their multilayer combinations of identical or different geometric shapes and dimensions, produced mainly from recyclable waste represented in the form of parts dismantled from recyclable technical objects, mainly parts of noise-insulating vehicles, that are technologically processed by crushing porous sound-absorbing structures who completed their life cycle and / or from technological waste and rejects producing porous sound-absorbing materials in and parts of them and / or from their metered combinations of isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements obtained from recycled recycling materials and parts, to which a certain amount of “new” isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements of the same or different type, geometric shape and overall dimensions are added made from the "new" initial semi-finished raw materials for the production of porous sound-absorbing materials. The volume of each of the separate crushed sound-absorbing elements 1 is mainly in the range of V _f = 4.2 × (10 ^-9 ... 10 ^-2 ) m ³ , and the filling density of the cavities of the closed separate containers 4 is ρ _f = 10 ... 655 kg / m ³ .

The claimed range of values of the volumes V _{f of the} used isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1 on one side (the lower limit value equal to 4.2 × 10 ^-9 m ³ ) is limited mainly by the technological capabilities of manufacturing and their subsequent placement in the cavities of closed isolated containers 4. On the other side (an upper limit value equal to 4,2 × 10 ^-2 m ³⁾ of volume V _p values separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, and the density ρ _p of filling a closed cavities dry isolated containers 4 are limited by the need to achieve an acceptable acoustic (sound-absorbing) efficiency, which is largely determined by the realized indicators of resistance to blowing by the air flow, porosity, dynamic compliance and the total area of free surface faces of isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1 directly involved in the process of sound absorption of acoustic energy flow emitted by a noise-related technical object.

The wall of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane 2 can be additionally perforated through holes 6 with a perforation coefficient:

$$k_{PeR\mathrm{one}}=\frac{S_{PeR\mathrm{one}}}{S_{PR\mathrm{one}}}\ge 0,05$$

where S _per1 is the total projection area of the perforation holes on the plane of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane 2, m ² , S _CR1 is the front projection area of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane 2, m ² .

Bearing flat or molded non-planar base 3 can also be additionally perforated through holes 6 with a perforation ratio:

$$k_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P\; e\; R"\; filenames="00000006.png,00000007.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P\; </figure-callout>}eR2}=\frac{S_{PeR2}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S\; P\; R"\; filenames="00000006.png,00000007.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S\; </figure-callout>}}_{PR}}\ge 0,10$$

where S _per2 is the total area of perforation holes 6 made in the wall of the bearing molded non-flat or flat base 3, m ² , S _pr2 is the front projection area of the bearing flat or molded non-flat base 3, m ² .

The wall thickness of the bearing flat or molded non-planar base 3 is mainly 0.5 ... 10 mm, and its specific surface weight is 0.1 ... 20 kg / m ² . The wall thickness of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane is in the range of 3 ... 40 mm, the specific surface weight is 0.5 ... 6 kg / m ² .

The cavities of closed separate containers 4, at least partially, but less than half the volume, can be filled with separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, made according to typical technologies of their production from “new” manufactured semi-finished sheet acoustic materials, subjected to the subsequent technological process of crushing them into fragments of predetermined shapes and dimensions, in addition to those isolated in the cavity of closed separate containers 4, separate crushers GOVERNMENTAL fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1 made of recyclable acoustic recycled materials. According to other structural and technological options for the execution of the cavity of the closed separate containers 4 partially, not more than 30% of its volume, can be filled with separate crushed fragmented elements made of dense (non-porous) non-porous materials (mainly polymeric).

As separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1 made of porous types of materials described above, non-porous or porous closed-cell air-non-blowing structures can be used, for example, industrial and technological waste and marriage of production of materials and products from rubber, rubber, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene ( foamed polyethylene), polystyrene and other types of polymeric materials and products (including those that have completed their life cycle).

To ensure fire safety requirements for the operation of the claimed technical device, flame retardants can be added to the structures of isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1. Thus, individual substances or mixtures of substances that protect materials of organic origin from ignition and self-combustion can be used. At the same time, flame retardants decompose with the formation of non-combustible substances and / or prevent the decomposition of the material with the release of combustible gases. The flame retardants used can be applied in the form of solutions on the surface of crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1 or they can impregnate their porous structure. As flame retardants, aluminum hydroxide, boron, antimony, chloride, organic and inorganic phosphorus compounds can be used.

The components of a universal membrane sound-absorbing module 7, in particular, its elastic sound-absorbing membrane 2, separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1 and a bearing flat or molded non-flat base 3 can be bonded together in a monolithic structural module using the appropriate sound-transparent adhesive compounds obtained by temperature heating and the melting of the used polymer films placed on the surface of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane 2 in the process all the implementation of the technological cycle of manufacturing or applying to the end mating surfaces from the elastic sound-absorbing membrane 2 flanging parts and / or internal partitions 110 of the bearing flat or molded non-flat base 3. Adhesive bonding can be achieved by introducing additional soundproof (not having a significant negative, no more than by 10%, decreasing the sound absorption coefficient of sound energy) of a certain type of adhesive adhesive layers (in the form of sticky adhesives or thermoactive hot-melt materials) made by superficially spaced apart thin thin continuous lines, or superficially spaced apart thin thin broken lines, or in the form of a thin continuous surface layer of adhesive substance perforated through holes, or in the form of a continuous sound-transparent adhesive adhesive layer with a low specific surface weight ( not more than 100 g / m ^2), or in the form of a continuous sound transmission thermoactive adhesive layer with low specific surface tnym weight (not more than 50 g / m ^2).

To give a given spatial configuration (geometric shape) to the universal membrane noise-absorbing module 7, embedded mortar reinforcing element 104, which can be made of the corresponding types of metal (steel, aluminum), can be additionally introduced into the formed cavities of closed isolated containers 4 together with separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1 ) or polymeric materials such as polyamide, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or a similar target application of the type of structural material, presented in the form of cast, glued, welded or brazed spatial bar (wire) structures.

The contours (geometric shape) of the universal membrane noise-attenuating module of 7 various technological designs are given the given shape of geometric figures, which mainly can have the geometric shape of the correct geometric figures of volumetric elements in the form of a truncated pyramid, prism, sphere, segment of a sphere, cone, truncated cone, parallelepiped , cube.

To ensure a given (regulated) noise-reducing effect, defined by the technical specifications for designing a universal membrane noise-attenuating module 7, implemented on a specific noise-generating technical object, on which it is necessary to provide a noise-reducing effect, closed isolated containers 4 can be selectively filled with the corresponding different types of isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, differing types of structures, overall dimensions and geome metric forms endowed with various physical, mechanical and operational characteristics.

Universal membrane noise-attenuating modules 7 can both be freely placed with the possibility of their unimpeded movement (without introducing special devices for their fixed fastening) in a given noisy spatial zone of a technical object, and can be placed in it motionlessly, using additional mechanical fasteners or an appropriate adhesive mounting layer ( sticky adhesive, thermoactive).

Universal membrane noise-attenuating modules 7 may contain one or several closed separate containers 4. Moreover, in a multi-cavity structural and technological design of a universal membrane sound-absorbing module 7, in each of the cavities of closed separate containers 4 can be placed as a different type of corresponding separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, and in each of the closed separate cavities 4 can be placed of the same type of separate core bleached fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, or in each of the cavities of the closed separate capacitance 4 can be placed several different types of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, randomly or orderly (in layers) distributed over the volumes of the cavities of these closed separate containers 4.

In order to ensure acceptable convenience and speed of fastening, installation, dismantling and after-sales service (for example, replacing or cleaning dusty wall surfaces) of universal membrane noise-attenuating modules 7 on the surfaces of floor 18, walls 19 or ceiling 20 of residential, administrative or industrial premises, walls of building sound-generating elements of machines and mechanisms of various types of technical objects or walls of their soundproof casing 41 in the structure of their flat or molded non-planar carrier the base 3 can be integrated with a variety of mechanical fasteners 98, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106 or mounting adhesive coating 99, 100, protected until installation by release paper or film (removed during installation operations).

Based on the requirements of the technical conditions (acoustic, technological, operational characteristics) and cost indicators, certain types of designs of universal membrane noise-attenuating modules 7 can be blocked in the corresponding groups of battery-protective screen and / or lining sound-absorbing coatings of structures of noise-active objects.

During the operation of various noise-active objects, they produce the corresponding generation of sound energy, due to the implementation in them of working dynamic (mechanical, gas-dynamic) processes in functioning units, assemblies and systems, which is emitted directly both into the surrounding space (closed room or open space), and transmitted by various intermediate airways through available sound-transmitting channels (windows, doors, hatches, openings, communication, technological and structural elements) in conjugate spaces (enclosed spaces and open spaces). In this case, the generated sound radiation (generated sound fields) negatively affects the well-being and health of the operators (workers) directly involved in the implementation of the technological process, as well as the surrounding subjects located in these rooms and / or in open spaces (people, animals). When using the claimed technical solution as part of various types of noise-producing technical objects (directly generating noise and / or in noisy spaces by other extraneous sources of noise) during the propagation of sound waves, their incidence and passage through the porous fibrous and / or open-cell foam structure of an elastic sound-absorbing membrane 2 of a universal of the membrane noise-absorbing module 7, a process of partial absorption of high-frequency sound energy with its reversible conversion to thermal energy. The alternating sound pressure of the incident sound waves on the surface of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane 2 exerts a corresponding force on it, forcing the latter to perform bending vibrations taking into account its stiff, dimensional-geometric, mass (specific surface mass), damping (resistance to blowing through the air stream, internal friction of the material porous structure) characteristics, as well as determined by the size of the air gap of the cavity formed by the capacity of 4 closed separate cavity, formed by the mating node of the membrane 2 and the bearing flat or molded non-planar base 3. In these cases, there is a low-frequency resonance of the membrane 3, carried out with high values of the amplitudes of its vibrations and, accordingly, increased losses of vibration energy. The considered dynamic process is characterized in this connection not only by efficient absorption of high-frequency, but also low-frequency energy. In this regard, the device has a broadband noise reduction effect. In the process of further passage (propagation) of sound waves through porous fibrous and / or porous open-cell foam structures of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, the process of additional absorption of high-frequency sound energy is carried out with its irreversible conversion (dissipation) into thermal energy. Thus, the process of attenuation of the amplitudes of sound pressures is realized both due to the implementation of the corresponding conversion of low-frequency sound energy into work to overcome the dynamic deformations of the porous skeleton and the friction involved in the propagation of sound waves through the communicating labyrinth channels (cells) of the porous structure of the sound-absorbing elastic material sound-absorbing membrane 2 and sound-absorbing substance located in the cavity of a closed molded separate tank 4, as well as in the surface interfragment zones of air cavities formed between the separate (loosely contacting) faces (ribs) of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, with a final total effective irreversible conversion (dissipation) of sound energy into thermal energy. When using a porous sound-absorbing substance as part of a universal membrane sound-absorbing module 7 in the form of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1 when it is compared with, for example, an identical mass (volume) option for using a continuous monolithic layer of sound-absorbing substance, numerous free (additionally) open) surfaces of porous end zones formed by numerous families of open surfaces of contacting zones (faces, ribs) of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1 (the total surface area of sound-absorption is increasing), with inter-faceted air channels communicating between them and cavities between them being formed. In addition, the diffraction edge mechanism for dissipating the energy of sound waves, which occurs during the propagation of sound waves to the edge (edge) zones of isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, is also additionally implemented. Ultimately, the implementation of several effective mechanisms of energy dissipation noted above simultaneously leads to most of the sound energy is converted (irreversibly dissipated) into thermal energy. Thus, this allows to achieve higher efficiency of the proposed technical solution (compared with the known typical designs described in the analogues and prototype) in terms of reducing the level of sound radiation intensity in a wide sound range produced by a variety of noise-active technical objects in enclosed spaces of industrial, residential, public premises and / or in open spaces with the implementation of lower cost indicators spent on their implementation e, at reduced adverse environmental impact on the environment due to the use of porous substances utilized as feedstock in the manufacture of individual components of the claimed technical solutions (of the type wherein the porous sound-absorbing material may be used repeatedly).

The acoustic effectiveness of the proposed technical solution is confirmed by the results of experimental studies (see Fig. 32), which were performed using the reverberation method, using the small-sized reverberation chamber “Cabin Alpha”. An experimental method for determining the sound-absorbing properties of materials and structures using the reverberation chamber “Cabin Alpha” can be found, for example, in a scientific publication [5].

[5] Fesina M.I., Krasnov A.V., Gorina L.N., Pankov L.A. Car acoustic materials. Design and research of low noise vehicle designs. The monograph is in two parts. - Tolyatti: TSU. - 2010. - Part 1 - 304 s., Part 2 - 352 s.

On Fig presents the results of determining the indicator "equivalent sound absorption area" of prototypes of universal membrane sound-absorbing modules containing a closed separate container 4 formed by an elastic sound-absorbing membrane 2 made of a porous fibrous material (3 mm thick), and non-planar flat bearing molded base 3 made of a dense polymer sound-reflecting material (3 mm thick), filled with porous sound-absorbing substance of two structural options x formulations (A and B). In accordance with the used structural composition A, the porous sound-absorbing substance is represented by one monolithic flat-sheet sample of open-cell polyurethane foam with overall dimensions of the sheet 1000 × 1200 mm, sheet thickness 50 mm. The structural composition of option B is represented by 960 separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, each of which has a front surface area (excluding end surface area) equal to 0.0025 m ² . These isolated crushed sound-absorbing fragments 1 were obtained by appropriate crushing of a comparable flat-sheet open-cell polyurethane foam sample with overall dimensions of 1000 × 1200 mm and a sheet thickness of 50 mm. The above results indicate that the crushing of a monolithic flat-sheeted sample of open-cell polyurethane foam into these isolated fragments with their subsequent placement in a closed separate container 4 formed by a sound-absorbing membrane 2 and a non-planar molded base 3 allows increasing the values of the equivalent sound absorption area of the studied porous sound-absorbing substance by 0 14 ... 0.33 m ² controlled in all wideband audio frequency range 400 ... 10000 Hz, thereby Braz, confirms the effectiveness of the claimed technical device.

Of course, the claimed invention is not limited to the specific constructive examples of its implementation presented in the application materials, described in the text and shown in the accompanying figures in the graphic part of the application. It remains possible and some minor changes in the various elements or materials from which these elements can be made, or replace them with technically equivalent, not beyond the scope of the claims indicated by the claims.

Claims (17)

1. A universal membrane sound-absorbing module containing a closed separate container formed by the walls of the carrier shell made of structural acoustic materials endowed with low sound-reflecting properties when sound waves pass into the cavity of a closed separate container in which there is a porous sound-absorbing substance represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical or different types of structures and brands of sound glazing materials characterized by identical or different physical characteristics, chemical composition, porosity, quantity and combination of used types of structures of porous layers in the composition of single and / or their multilayer combinations, identical or different geometric shape and overall dimensions, produced mainly from waste waste presented in the form of technologically processed by the method of crushing porous sound-absorbing structures of parts dismantled from utilized objects, mainly parts of noise-insulating packages of vehicles that have completed their life cycle, and / or from technological waste and rejects from the production of porous sound-absorbing materials and parts from them, characterized in that the universal membrane sound-absorbing module is characterized by predetermined geometric, weight, size, structural and physical parameters of its constituent elements, represented mainly by regular geometric figures of volumetric cavity elements formed supporting flat or molded non-planar base, on the perimeter flanging part of which it is gapless, using an adhesive bond, an elastic sound-absorbing membrane is conjugated with the formation of a corresponding closed molded separate container, in the cavity of which separate crushed sound-absorbing elements are placed, the volumes of which are mainly in the range of V _f = 4.2 × (10 ^-9 ... 10 ^-2 ) m ³ , the filling density of the cavity of the closed molded separate container is ρ _f = 10 ... 655 kg / m ³ . 2. The universal membrane sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane is additionally perforated through holes with a perforation coefficient:
$$k_{PeR\mathrm{one}}=\frac{S_{PeR\mathrm{one}}}{S_{PR\mathrm{one}}}\ge 0,05$$

where S _per1 is the total projection area of the perforation holes on the surface plane of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane, m ² , S _CR1 is the front projection area of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane, m ² . 3. The universal membrane noise-attenuating module according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall of the supporting flat or molded non-flat base is perforated through holes with a perforation coefficient:
$$k_{PeR2}=\frac{S_{PeR2}}{S_{PR2}}\ge 0,10$$

where S _per2 is the total area of perforation holes made in the wall of the bearing molded non-planar or flat base, m ² , S _CR2 is the front projection area of the bearing flat or molded non-planar base, m ² . 4. The universal membrane sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall thickness of the supporting flat or molded non-flat base is 0.5 ... 10 mm, and its specific surface weight is 0.1 ... 20 kg / m ² . 5. The universal membrane sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall thickness of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane is in the range of 3 ... 40 mm, and its specific surface weight is 0.5 ... 6 kg / m ² . 6. The universal membrane sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that its components are an elastic sound-absorbing membrane, separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements and bearing a flat or molded non-planar base, at least in separate mating contacting zones are fastened together in a monolithic structural module with corresponding soundproof adhesive compounds. 7. The universal membrane sound-absorbing module according to claim 6, characterized in that the used sound-transparent adhesive compounds of the components of the universal membrane sound-absorbing module are represented by sets of spaced continuous thin lines of sticky adhesive. 8. The universal membrane sound-absorbing module according to claim 6, characterized in that the used sound-transparent adhesive joints of the components of the universal membrane sound-absorbing module are represented by a continuous sticky adhesive layer characterized by a specific surface weight of ≤100 g / m ² . 9. The universal membrane sound-absorbing module according to claim 6, characterized in that the used sound-transparent adhesive compounds of the components of the universal membrane sound-absorbing module are represented by a continuous layer of thermosetting hot-melt material characterized by a specific surface weight of ≤50 g / m ² . 10. The universal membrane sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the porous sound-absorbing substance, represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, consists of dosed mixtures of crushed utilizable porous structures of materials and made from "new" prefabricated sheets of porous structures of materials. 11. The universal membrane sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition of the porous sound-absorbing substance, consisting of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of porous air-blown material structures, is additionally introduced a certain number of isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of dense non-porous air-blown materials, occupying no more than 30% of the volume of the cavity of a closed molded separate oh capacity. 12. The universal membrane sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the external contours of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane are given a geometric shape in the form of truncated geometric shapes of a pyramid, prism, sphere, segment of a sphere, cone, parallelepiped, cube. 13. The universal membrane sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that its supporting molded non-planar base is made in the form of a multi-chamber cavity structure containing at least two closed molded separate containers. 14. The universal membrane sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic sound-absorbing membrane overlapping the multi-chamber cavity structure of the closed separate container is additionally adhesively mated to the end surfaces of the internal partitions of the closed molded separate tank. 15. The universal membrane noise-absorbing module according to claim 13, characterized in that the cavities of the closed molded separate multi-chamber containers are filled with an identical type in structural composition and weight and size by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements. 16. The universal membrane noise-attenuating module according to claim 1, characterized in that on the wall surface of the molded non-planar base there is a mounting adhesive coating, made in the form of a continuous layer of adhesive adhesive or thermoactive adhesive substance uniformly distributed over its surface or in the form of their isolated localized distributions over the wall surface of the molded non-planar base. 17. The universal membrane sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements are placed orderly, in particular layer-by-layer, in the cavity of a closed molded separate container formed by an elastic sound-absorbing membrane and a bearing flat or molded non-planar base, each of which composite layers includes a certain differing structural composition and weight and dimensions of crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements.

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