RU2504488C1 - Transport facility - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building. Structural frame of vehicle body comprises multiple box-like components (sills, reinforcements, frame, struts) made of thin-sheet metallic molded panels. At least one of the latter accommodates at least one thermosonic plug including bearing sound transparent shell filled with porous sound-absorbing substance. Said porous sound-absorbing substance is composed by separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments from identical or different type and grades of porous sound-absorbing materials with identical or different physical properties, chemical properties, porosity, quantity and combination of porous layer structures on single- and/or sandwiched combinations of identical or different shape and sizes and made from initial recovered stock.

EFFECT: higher noise killing efficiency, non-polluting properties.

18 cl, 46 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, is a wheeled vehicle design, the power body frame of which contains numerous hollow box-like elements (thresholds, amplifiers, spars, racks) formed by one or more molded thin-sheet metal panels and forming a branched spatial structure of waveguide interconnected ( sound transmitting) channels.

The indicated waveguide channels are capable of transporting sound energy from noisy spaces (engine compartment, underbody area of the body, luggage compartment) to the space occupied by the driver and passengers of the passenger compartment (driver’s cabin) of the vehicle (TC) through the numerous technological (non-closed (or translucent) enclosed in them) and functional communication sound-transmitting channels (holes). This makes it difficult to provide the required acceptable high acoustic comfort to the driver and passengers. In this regard, such noise-transmitting channels contained in the structural elements of the body require the use of various additional noise barriers of the sound-absorbing and / or sound-insulating type [1, 2, 3, 4].

[1] M.I. Fesina, A.V. Krasnov, L.N. Gorina, L.A. Pankov. Car acoustic materials. Design and research of low noise vehicle designs. Monograph (in two parts), part 1 - 304 p., Part 2 - 352 p., Togliatti State University, Togliatti, 2010.

[2] M.I. Fesina, A.V. Krasnov, L. N. Gorina, A. A. Sharypov, S. A. Rekunov. About one of the ways to reduce the airborne transmission of sound energy into the passenger compartment of a car. “Safety in the technosphere”, 2010, No. 4, p.17 ... 25.

[3] M.I.Fesina, A.V. Krasnov, L.N. Gorina. The results of laboratory - bench studies of the obstacles of air transmission of sound energy through the communication elements of a car body. “Vector of science of TSU”, No. 3 (13), 2010, p. 74 ... 78.

[4] M.I. Fesina, A. V. Krasnov, A. A. Sharypov. The results of bench and road studies of ways to improve acoustic comfort in the passenger compartment of a car. “Vector of science of TSU”, No. 4 (14), 2010, p. 68 ... 73.

The noise barriers used in the constructions of modern vehicles (in particular, passenger cars) of this type placed in the cavities of hollow box-shaped body elements (thresholds, struts, spars, amplifiers) are called “thermoacoustic plugs”. This terminological name is caused by their comprehensive multipurpose (multifunctional) sealing effect, aimed at improving the vehicle's acoustic and thermal comfort in the passenger room (driver's cabin). The most widely used designs are frame-type thermoacoustic plugs containing the active part from a foaming compound (for example, based on a copolymer of ethylene with vinyl acetate) and the passive part in the form of a rigid supporting frame of a three-dimensional structure (made, for example, from polyamide, by injection molding).

For the fixed installation of thermoacoustic plugs in the specified local zones of the box-shaped elements of the power frame of the body, various fasteners are used such as brackets, welded pins, mechanical fasteners or adhesive tape. In some cases, in the box-shaped hollow body elements, a perimetric air gap is formed in the form of ventilation and / or drainage channels (about 3 ... 5 mm) between the cavity section contours and the external contour of the thermoacoustic plug. This allows targeted evacuation of accumulating process fluids used in the production process of the body (washing, painting) from the hidden areas of the box-shaped cavities of the car body, or eliminates the possible accumulation of moisture during the operation of the car due to its forced ejection suction from the cavities of the box-shaped body elements during vehicle movement with high speeds.

The degree of volume expansion (expansion) of the active part of the thermoacoustic plug during the process of foaming and subsequent solidification of the resulting polymer structure, as a rule, ranges from 40 to 1000%. The densities of the foaming structures of the materials of thermoacoustic plugs are in the range of 30 ... 640 kg / m ³ . Materials with a specific density of 30 ... 35 kg / m ³ are used solely for the purpose of increasing sound insulation to reduce the transmission of airborne noise (with a favorable positive sealing thermal insulation effect). Foaming materials with a specific density of 80 ... 300 kg / m ³ along with soundproofing (thermal insulation) function perform an additional increase in the bending stiffness of the box-shaped power element, which favorably affects the durability and vibrational characteristics of the body (attenuation of the resonant vibrational component of structural noise radiation). The range of specific densities of expandable polymeric materials 300 ... 650 kg / m ³ already refers to energy-absorbing impact-resistant foams used to improve the passive safety parameters of vehicles. Foamed structures of this type of high-density polymeric materials also produce other concomitant functional improvements related to both soundproofing and stiffness, strength (vibration, deformation) characteristics of the vehicle body.

Polymeric materials of the active part of thermoacoustic plugs can be represented by various structural and chemical compositions: two-component polyurethane compounds, foamed compounds based on rubber of high-temperature chemical activity, or their mixtures with fibers, packaged evacuated elements containing elastic self-expanding compounds based on foamed material, etc. . A well-known example can be the two-component compound Betafoam, which contains component A — the MDI polymer (diphenylmethane diisocyanate or polymer isocyanate) or the isocyanate prepolymer, and component B — a mixture of the polyol and water / amine catalyst, and also includes reactive components to form the necessary hardness to form structures of thermoacoustic plugs. The use of such toughening (reinforcing) structural compositions of polymeric materials makes it possible to increase the bending (by 93 ... 368%) and torsional (18 ... 175%) stiffness of hollow frame body elements in which this type of multifunctional thermoacoustic plugs of foamed type are installed.

A variety of structural and technological versions of frame-type thermoacoustic plugs in the form of isolated (local) embedded elements installed during technological operations of welding the vehicle body (passenger car), foaming in predetermined zones of closed cavities, with their sections completely overlapping during subsequent temperature heating (at typical high-temperature technological operation of drying the body after painting) are known, in particular, from the following patent documents:

- European patent for the invention of EP 1172200, published January 16, 2002;

- European patent for the invention of EP 1932648, published 06/18/2008;

- international application for invention WO 2009/036784, published March 26, 2009;

- international application for invention WO 93/11001, published on 06/10/1993;

- RF patent for the invention RU 2155689, published on 10.09.2000;

- international application for invention WO 01/92063, published on December 6, 2001;

- German patent for the invention DE 4227393, published 04.03.1993;

- Japan patent for invention JP 6032249, published on 02/08/1994;

- international patent for the invention WO 9525005, published September 21, 1995;

- US patent for the invention of US 5755486, published 05/26/1998;

- German patent for invention DE 19856255, published January 20, 2000;

- European patent for the invention of EP 1378399, published January 7, 2004;

- US patent for the invention of US 7077461, published 02.12.2004;

- Japan patent for invention JP 6032249, published on 02/08/1994

Techniques (technical devices) for weakening the transmission of noise radiation into the space of a passenger compartment (driver's cabin) of a vehicle through open drainage holes of hollow box-like elements (body thresholds) are also known by converting them into corresponding tubular channels of improved sound insulation integrated into the correspondingly formed closed dead-end waveguide cavities bounded by end sections of thermoacoustic plugs as is, in particular, represented in known technical solutions of patents for inventions:

- RF patent for the invention RU 2301170, published on 06/20/2007;

- RF patent for the invention RU 2301171, published on 06/20/2007;

- RF patent for the invention RU 2302964, published on July 20, 2007;

- RF patent for the invention RU 2302965, published on July 20, 2007;

- RF patent for the invention RU 2302966, published July 20, 2007;

- RF patent for the invention RU 2302967, published on July 20, 2007;

- RF patent for the invention RU 2304063, published on 08/10/2007.

The use of this type of noise barriers in the design of hollow box-shaped elements of the vehicle body frame reduces the transmission of noise, dust and harmful gases from the environment to the passenger room (driver's cabin) of the vehicle. To further increase the efficiency of sound insulation provided by the use of thermoacoustic plugs, its design can be double-walled. In this case, an additional soundproofing effect is realized, which is ensured by a two-stage process of sound reflection, with an abrupt change in wave resistance during the propagation of sound waves in a hollow waveguide box channel through this type of double partition containing an intermediate air gap.

A significant drawback of the presented well-known technical solutions is the need to manufacture, in the structure of the “thermoacoustic plug”, embedded protective elements of strictly defined geometric shape, which is determined by the specific geometric dimensions of the cavity of the hollow box-like body element. This, in turn, necessitates the manufacture and use of special technological equipment, which leads to an increase in the cost of construction and the duration of the preparation process for the production of a new vehicle model, and difficulties in making structural changes at the final stages of design. In this regard, there is a need for the development of simpler and relatively cheap designs of thermoacoustic plugs, which can be used without significant difficulties in a wide range of shapes and geometric dimensions of box-shaped body elements.

One of the known solutions to this technical problem can be the use of frameless thermoacoustic plugs, which are a rigid structure, a liquid solution or flocculent substance, which are laid in the same way in the cavity of the hollow box-shaped body elements and subsequently foamed in the process of painting or drying it, or foamed directly in the process of its introduction. The overall dimensions and geometric shape of this type of thermoacoustic plug in this case are determined by the corresponding geometric parameters of the cavity of the power box element of the vehicle body in which it is installed. To prevent clogging and chipping of the porous structure of the thermoacoustic plug, the inlet through which it was introduced into the cavity of the hollow box-like body element is hermetically sealed with a dense rubber or polymer plug. Similar structural and technological concepts of thermoacoustic plugs used in hollow power box elements of the vehicle body are known from the following patent documents:

- RF patent for the invention RU 2155689, published December 27, 2006;

- international patent for the invention WO 02/102624, published on 06/14/2002;

- international patent for the invention WO 03/085063, published October 16, 2003;

- Japan patent for invention JP 55-159045, published December 10, 1980;

- US patent for the invention of US 7597382, published 06.10.2009;

- European patent for the invention of EP 1378399, published January 7, 2004;

- Japan patent for invention JP 64-012976, published January 24, 1989;

- European patent for the invention EP 0775721, published 05/28/1997;

- US patent for the invention of US 6040350, published 03/21/2000;

- French patent for the invention FR 2876643, published April 21, 2006;

- Japan patent for invention JP 8030274, published 02.02.1996,

The disadvantage of the technical solutions described in the listed patents for the invention is the inability to ensure the evacuation of condensed liquid from sections of hollow box-like body elements limited by thermoacoustic plugs, due to the gapless filling of their cavities with a foaming porous substance. Another significant drawback is the high consumption of foaming porous material, due to the need to ensure the specified thickness of the thermoacoustic plug to achieve the required (determined by the technical design specifications) soundproofing properties, and the creation of a guaranteed hermetic overlap of the cross section of the hollow box-like body element.

To eliminate this drawback in certain technical solutions, it is known to use integrated auxiliary forming elements that provide the formation of air slotted drainage channels in the structure of a thermoacoustic plug, for the possible evacuation of condensed liquid or the formation of a given geometric shape of a thermoacoustic plug from a foaming porous substance. Similar technical solutions are known from the following patent documents:

- international patent for the invention WO 2009/003925, published on 01/08/2009;

- European patent for the invention of EP 1307356, published on 05/07/2003;

- US patent for the invention of US 5766719, published 16.06.1998;

- US patent for invention US 5575526, published November 19, 1996;

- US patent for the invention of US 6030701, published 02.29.2000;

- Japanese applications for the invention JP2007084015, published 05.04.2007;

- Japan patent for the invention JP7117728, published 09.05.1995,

Partially evacuated porous structures of thermoacoustic plugs are also known, previously forcedly compressed into small-sized briquettes, which are in a deformed state in thin-walled polymer or cellulose (layer thickness 0.3 ... 1.5 mm) bearing shells, placed (fixed) in a given spatial zone of a hollow power box-like body element and expanding when piercing (tearing) their shells. In subsequent technological processes of painting and drying the vehicle body, the components of the thermoacoustic plug are activated, which causes them to expand, increase viscosity with the corresponding destruction of the shell. After the polymerization process, the remains of the supporting shell, if necessary, can be removed through the technological holes contained in the walls of the panels of the hollow power box elements of the body. It is known to use indestructible soundproof thin-walled bearing shells (made, for example, on the basis of polyvinyl, with a layer thickness of 0.3 ... 1.5 mm) having a small coefficient of expansion or having perforation holes in their structure. In the process of assembling a body of this type, the carrier shell is introduced through a technological hole into the hollow box-like element of the body's power frame so that its inlet remains outside. After assembling the vehicle through the technological hole in the panel of the hollow box-like element, a polymer composition of the substance (for example, polyurethane with a density of 75 ... 200 kg / m ³ ) is introduced into the soundproof thin-walled shell, which expands in the cavity volume during the process of painting and drying the vehicle body and fills her, thereby forming a thermoacoustic plug, in its overall dimensions and geometric shape repeating the contours of the inner cavity of the box-like body element.

A similar type of concept of thermoacoustic plugs of a vehicle body frame is known, in particular, from the following patents:

- French patent for the invention FR 1418850, published 10/18/1965;

- French patent for the invention FR 2407116, published on 10.23.1978;

- Japanese patent JP 63173611, published July 18, 1987;

- international patent for the invention WO 01/96170, published December 20, 2001

- US patent for the invention of US 7290828, published 06.11.2007

The technical solution described in the French patent FR 2539693, published on July 27, 1984, was selected as a prototype. The design of the vehicle is presented in the patent description. The body frame of the body contains hollow box elements formed of at least two thin-sheet molded metal panels 0.7 ... 1.0 mm thick, which are equipped with appropriate thermoacoustic plugs that block the airborne noise transmission paths into the space of the passenger compartment (driver's cabin) of the vehicle. Thermoacoustic plugs contain a supporting polymer shell (for example, based on polyvinyl 0.3 ... 0.4 mm thick) filled with rigid or semi-rigid porous sound-absorbing material (for example, polyurethane, density 150 kg / m ³ ), while the geometric shape of the supporting polymer shell is identical to the oncoming geometric shape of the cavity of the filled box-shaped power element of the vehicle body.

The disadvantage of the presented technical solution is the insufficiently soundproofing efficiency of the thermoacoustic plug, which is caused by the unsatisfactory (mediocre) sound-absorbing properties of the porous sound-absorbing material used and the unsatisfactory sound-transparency properties of the structure of the material of the carrier polymer shell. There are also unsatisfactory cost parameters and environmental safety indicators of porous sound-absorbing materials used in the structure of thermoacoustic plugs, which are caused by their negative impact on the environment. This is due to "environmentally dirty" technological processes for the extraction of hydrocarbon feedstock for the subsequent production of foamed sound-absorbing materials from it, directly in the production of the active part of thermoacoustic plugs from it. Environmentally dirty is also the final stage of their operation as part of the vehicle, with the need for their final disposal at the end of the life cycle of the vehicle. It is known that increasing volumes of production of expensive source hydrocarbon (oil, gas) raw materials used for the subsequent production of porous sound-absorbing materials, taking into account the irreplaceability of these raw mineral and hydrocarbon resources, leads to their inevitable depletion, with the accompanying ongoing technological processes of environmental pollution as processes of its extraction, as well as transportation and subsequent technological processing. A significant technical problem is, in particular, the environmentally hazardous (environmentally dirty) secondary (repeated) recycled recycling of foamed open-cell sound-absorbing materials, for example polyurethane foams, which prevents their energy recovery by burning, which is also characterized by unsatisfactory degree of suitability (low demand) for recycling technologies . There is also a difficulty in dismantling and separating adhesive mating materials of a protective soundproof shell, a bearing element and a porous sound-absorbing substance in the structures of thermoacoustic plugs mounted in hollow power box elements of the vehicle body frame. The traditional technological methods used for recycling recycled recycling of acoustic materials are usually associated with complex chemical and technological processes of their splitting, which leads, inter alia, to additional financial costs, as well as causing negative side effects on the environment. Secondary recycling recycling of fragmentation products (fragments of sound-absorbing materials, porous foamed or fibrous semi-finished products, individual layers, etc.) as part of the structures of thermoacoustic plugs, carried out, for example, to extract electric, thermal and gas energy hidden in materials of organic origin The slag contained in the fragmentation products requires the use of highly complex and expensive technologies. In addition, the products of secondary recycled recycling fragmentation of thermoacoustic plugs, as a rule, are not uniform in their structural composition, which requires the use of additional technological operations for their separation and complicates the process of such processing. In the case of disposal of this type of waste by their subsequent disposal in burial sites, material costs also increase due to the lack of free places for their disposal, there is a rejection of significant free spaces that could be used for the benefit of society.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the claimed invention consists in a predetermined improvement of noise-reducing efficiency, increasing environmental properties and reducing the cost of the used devices of thermoacoustic plugs of box-shaped hollow elements of the vehicle body frame when using as a part of the initial semi-finished raw materials for their manufacture products of recycled recycling of porous sound-absorbing structures materials of parts and assemblies of noise-absorbing packages, dismantled x from the composition of vehicles that have completed their life cycle, or of a similar type and condition of acoustic coatings (panels, casings, screens), dismantled from a variety of noise-active production, technological or energy equipment, subject to secondary recycling, or industrial and technological waste and rejection production parts and assemblies containing porous sound-absorbing materials to be recycled. This, in the end, entails a reduction in the costs of the “new” feedstock for the production of sound-absorbing materials spent on the manufacture of “new” noise-reducing products (due to the appropriate compensation of their replacement with semi-finished products for recycling), and also provides a corresponding reduction in environmental pollution with technological waste production and unused products for the disposal of acoustic materials used as part of noise-absorbing packages of vehicles and other equipment objects.

In the above technical description of the claimed invention, the term "recycling" means the collection, transportation, disassembly, disposal of the vehicle and the disposal of unused waste.

The term "disposal" means the use of waste for good.

The term "waste" means any substance or object, in this case, for example, a part or assembly of a vehicle that has completed its life cycle, which the owner of the vehicle throws away, or intends to throw away, or they are to be thrown away.

The term "recycling" means the return to production of materials through their subsequent processing. Recycling is one of the types of disposal (unlike other types of disposal associated with the reuse of parts and assemblies in the form as they are, or after restoration of their operability, as well as those associated with energy production by burning part of the waste. The use of recycled materials for the manufacture of vehicles is encouraged at the international level, in particular by the action of the European Community Directive (Directive 2000/53 / EC). nents (technical devices) made from recycled materials, special attention is paid to marking parts and components of vehicles made from rubber and plastics, using the marking system, decisions can be made on the separate sorting of materials, their subsequent processing or disposal of non-recyclable materials. , together with manufacturers of components (parts, assemblies) and manufacturers of materials for them, are obliged to use standards for the code designation of assemblies and materials and, in particular to identify those parts and materials that are suitable for recovery, recycling, or energy recovery.

To achieve the claimed technical result in the known design of the vehicle, the body frame of which contains box-shaped power hollow elements made of thin-sheet metal molded panels equipped with at least one thermoacoustic plug made in the form of a sound-proof sheath filled with separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments made from identical or different types and brands of sound-absorbing materials, with identical or different physical characteristics, chemical composition, porosity, quantity and combination of types of structures of porous layers in single and / or multilayer combinations, identical or different geometric shapes and overall dimensions, made from the raw materials to be utilized in the form of technologically processed by the method of crushing porous sound-absorbing structures of utilized parts, dismantled from utilized technical objects, mainly parts of noise insulation packages of vehicles, which have completed their life cycle, and / or and process waste and scrap production of porous sound-absorbing material and parts of them, while the volume of each of the separate sound absorbing crushed fragments is in the range V _f = 6 × (10 ^-9 ... 10, ⁴⁾ m ^3, and the packing density of the sound absorbing separate crushed fragments into the cavity load-bearing transparent shell is ρ _f = 50 ... 320 kg / m ³ .

Separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments obtained in the form of products of secondary recycled recycling utilization of technological waste and technological marriage of the production of fibrous, foamed open-cell sound-absorbing materials and / or parts from sound-absorbing materials, as well as from the corresponding sound-absorbing materials, can be used as the composition of the feedstock for the manufacture of sound-absorbing material for thermo-acoustic plugs. parts (panels, upholstery, gaskets - from porous sound-absorbing mat rials) selected for secondary recycled recycling processing of noise insulation packages of various technical objects, for example, the vehicle body (driver’s cab, passenger compartment, engine compartment, luggage compartment) of automatic telephone exchanges that have completed their life cycle, dismantled from noise reduction packages (sets) and are subject to , in connection with this, the disposal processes, as well as from a similar type of standard noise reduction packages used in other noiseless vehicles (railway, radiation, tractors, combines, mobile communal and road-building equipment, etc.), units and systems of power plants (stationary internal combustion engines, stationary and mobile compressor plants, etc.), in construction projects (soundproof fiber and / or foamed open-cell panels for wall linings, floors, elevator shafts, ventilation systems, etc.). Their use, in the end, entails a reduction in the consumption of raw materials intended both for the production of sound-absorbing materials and for the manufacture of “new” noise-reducing products (due to the corresponding compensation replacement of them with semi-finished products of secondary recycled recycling). This, ultimately, reduces the cost of the claimed device and provides a reduction in environmental pollution by generated industrial wastes and unused products for the disposal of acoustic materials used in the composition of noise-absorbing packages of the vehicle. Thus, this helps to improve the environmental characteristics of the device, including by reducing the amount of sound-absorbing substances that must be buried (for example, noise-reducing packages in the components of the vehicles that have served their life), which do not allow their direct energy utilization by burning.

To simplify the technological operations of crushing / cutting / cutting and to ensure a predetermined more accurate dosing according to the composition, weight and size parameters, etc. as the initial semi-finished raw material for the manufacture of sound-absorbing substances of thermoacoustic plugs, “new” isolated crushed sound-absorbing fragments can also be used. By the term “new” is meant newly produced elements from a “new” raw material, for example from a semi-finished product, predominantly flat-sheet type (flat sheets or rolls of sound-absorbing material), and not from recyclable materials and parts. Mixtures of dosed combinations of isolated crushed sound-absorbing fragments specified in certain proportions obtained from recycled recycling materials and parts can also be used, to which a certain amount of “new” isolated crushed sound-absorbing fragments of a similar type, geometric shape and overall dimensions made of the “new” are added initial semi-finished raw materials for the production of porous sound-absorbing materials, which, if necessary, allows to simplify and purposefully flexibly control the final technical parameters of the formed mixed mass (acoustic, weight, density, stiffness, operational, etc.) by introducing the required quantitative and qualitative dosed additives of “new” isolated crushed sound-absorbing fragments, with known located in a narrower tolerance range by acoustic (sound-absorbing) parameters that improve, to one degree or another, the specified technical characteristics of the thermal acoustics traffic jams in general.

The analysis of scientific, technical and patent documentation on the priority date in the main and related sections of the MKI shows that the set of essential features of the claimed technical solution was not previously known, therefore, it meets the patentability condition of “novelty”.

The analysis of known technical solutions in the art showed that the claimed device has features that are not available in the known technical solutions, and their use in the claimed combination of features makes it possible to obtain a new technical result, therefore, the proposed technical solution has an inventive step compared to the existing level technicians.

The proposed technical solution is industrially applicable, because can be manufactured industrially, efficiently, feasibly and reproducibly, therefore, meets the patentability condition “industrial applicability”.

Other features and advantages of the claimed invention will become apparent from the drawings and the following detailed description of the claimed device, where:

- Fig. 1 (a) shows a diagram of a typical construction of a power body frame of a vehicle, in which box-shaped hollow power elements (thresholds and racks) eight thermoacoustic plugs are installed, containing sound-proof shells completely filled with separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments made of identical types of sound-absorbing materials, figure 1 (b ... g) presents a diagram of various options for the geometric design of thermoacoustic plugs in cross section: (b) containing a carrier a sound-transparent shell of a rectangular geometric shape with rounded corners, (c) - containing a supporting sound-transparent shell of a rectangular geometric shape with rounded corners, forming a ventilation drainage channel with the inner surface of the hollow box-like body frame element, (d) - containing a sound-bearing transparent shell of a geometric shape of a flattened oval, (e) - containing a sound-bearing transparent shell of a geometric pentagon shape, (e) - containing a sound-bearing transparent shell with false geometrical shape such as a pentagon, (g) - containing a soundproof transparent rectangular geometrical shell with rounded corners, offset at an angle of 30 degrees relative to the transverse axis of the hollow box-like element;

- Fig. 2 (a) shows a diagram of a typical construction of a power body frame of a vehicle, in the box-shaped hollow elements (thresholds and pillars) of which seven thermoacoustic plugs are installed, containing sound-proof sheaths, completely filled with separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments made of identical types of sound-absorbing materials containing a frame reinforcing element of elastically deformable material, figure 2 (b ... g) presents diagrams of various options for the geometric execution of ter cross-section of moacoustic plugs: (b) containing a rectangular sound-bearing transparent shell with rounded corners, (c) containing a rectangular geometric sound-bearing transparent shell with rounded corners, forming a ventilation drainage channel with the inner surface of the hollow box-like body frame element, ( d) - containing a sound-bearing transparent shell of a geometric shape of a flattened oval, (e) - containing a sound-bearing transparent shell of a geometric shape s pentagon, (e) - containing shell sound transmission carrier complex geometric shapes such pyatnadtsatiugolnika, (g) - containing the carrier shell sound transmission rectangular geometric shape with rounded corners, offset at an angle of 30 degrees with respect to the transverse axis of the hollow box member;

- Fig. 3 (a) shows a diagram of a typical construction of a vehicle body power frame, in the box-shaped hollow elements (thresholds and racks) of which, by means of fastening distance elements, nine thermoacoustic plugs are installed, containing sound-transparent shells completely filled with separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments made of identical types of sound-absorbing materials with a frame reinforcing element made of elastically deformable material, figure 3 (b ... g) shows s of various geometrical designs of thermoacoustic plugs in cross section: (b) - containing a soundproof transparent shell of rectangular geometric shape with rounded corners and installed by two remote fasteners, (c) - containing a soundproof transparent shell of rectangular geometric shape with rounded corners and installed by one remote mounting element, (g) - containing a sound-bearing transparent shell of a geometric shape of a flattened oval and installed by means of two remote fasteners, (e) - containing a soundproof transparent sheath of a pentagon geometric shape and installed by two remote fasteners, (e) - containing a soundproof transparent sheath of a complex geometric shape like a pentagon and installed by two remote fasteners, ( g) - containing a supporting sound-transparent shell of a rectangular geometric shape with rounded corners and installed by two remote fasteners oriented at an angle of 30 degrees relative to the transverse axis of the hollow box-like element;

- Fig. 4 (a) shows a diagram of a typical construction of a power body frame of a vehicle, on the inner surfaces of the forming panels of the box-shaped hollow power elements (thresholds and racks) of which nineteen thermo-acoustic plugs are installed by means of an adhesive layer containing sound-transparent shells completely filled with separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments made of identical types of sound-absorbing materials with a frame reinforcing element made of elastic deformation 4, (b ... g) diagrams of various geometric designs of thermoacoustic plugs in cross section are presented: (b, c) - containing a soundproof transparent shell of rectangular geometric shape with rounded corners and installed by means of an adhesive mounting layer, (g) - containing a soundproof transparent shell of a geometric shape of a flattened oval and installed by means of an adhesive mounting layer, (e) - containing a soundproof transparent shell of a geometric shape of five golnik and installed by means of an adhesive mounting layer, (f) - containing a supporting sound-transparent shell of complex geometric shape such as a pentagon and installed by means of an adhesive mounting layer, (g) containing a supporting sound-transparent shell of rectangular geometric shape with rounded corners and installed by means of an adhesive mounting layer, oriented under an angle of 30 degrees relative to the transverse axis of the hollow box-like element;

- Fig. 5 (a) shows a diagram of a typical construction of a power frame of a vehicle body, in the box-shaped hollow elements (thresholds and racks) of which, by means of fastening distance elements, seven thermoacoustic plugs are installed containing sound-transparent shells, four of which are completely filled, and three are filled only partially isolated crushed sound-absorbing fragments made of three different types of structures of sound-absorbing materials, figure 5 (b ... g) presents schemes of various cross-sectional geometric design of thermoacoustic plugs: (b) - containing a rectangular sound-bearing transparent shell with rounded corners and installed by two remote fasteners, (c) containing a rectangular geometric sound-bearing transparent shell with rounded corners and installed through one remote mounting element, (g) - containing a supporting sound-transparent shell of a geometric shape of a flattened oval and installed by means of two remote fasteners, (e) - containing a sound-transmitting transparent shell of geometric shape of a pentagon and installed by two remote fasteners, (f) - containing a sound-bearing transparent-transparent shell of complex geometric shape, like a pentagon, and installed by two remote fasteners, (g) - containing a supporting translucent shell of a rectangular geometric shape with rounded corners and installed by means of two remote epezhnyh elements oriented at an angle of 30 degrees with respect to the transverse axis of the hollow box member;

- Fig. 6 (a) shows a diagram of a typical construction of a vehicle body power frame, in the box-shaped hollow elements (thresholds and racks) of which, by means of fastening spacers, seven thermoacoustic plugs are installed containing sound-transparent shells completely filled with separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments in the form of three families of different types of structures of sound-absorbing materials, Fig. 6 (b ... g) presents diagrams of various geometric options for thermoacoustic applications cross-sectional robots: (b) - containing a soundproof transparent rectangular shell with rounded corners and installed by two remote fasteners, (c) containing a rectangular soundproof transparent shell with rounded corners and installed using one remote fastener, ( d) - containing a soundproof transparent shell of a geometric shape of a flattened oval and installed by means of two remote fasteners tov, (e) - containing a soundproof transparent shell of a pentagon geometric shape and installed by means of two remote fasteners, (f) - containing a soundproof transparent shell of a complex geometric shape such as a pentagon and installed by two remote fasteners, (g) - containing a soundproof transparent shell geometric rectangular shape with rounded corners and installed by means of two remote fasteners oriented at an angle of 30 Radus about the transverse axis of the hollow box member;

- Fig. 7 shows cross-sectional diagrams of thermoacoustic plugs installed in hollow box-shaped elements of a power body frame of the following types: (a) with a sound-proof transparent shell having a rectangular cross-section with rounded edges installed with a gap relative to the hollow inner surfaces box-shaped element, (b) - with a supporting translucent sheath having a cross section in the form (contour) of a complex geometric figure defined by geometric parameters of the mating inner surfaces of the hollow box-like element, (c) with a supporting sound-transparent shell having a cross section in the form of a complex geometric figure defined by the outer surfaces of the formed extreme layer of separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments located at the periphery, (g) with a sound-bearing transparent shell in cross section, a view of a complex geometric figure defined by the external contour surfaces adhesively (using an intermediate translucent adhesive Zeon layer) formed therein connected to a separate outermost layer of sound-absorbing crushed fragments, placed at the periphery.

Positions on the presented sketches are indicated by:

1 - power frame of the vehicle body containing hollow box-shaped elements;

2 - molded sheet metal panels forming a hollow box-like element;

3 - isolated crushed sound-absorbing fragments;

4 - supporting soundproof shell;

5 - frame reinforcing element;

6 - fastening remote elements;

7 - adhesive mounting layer;

8 - ventilation drainage channel;

9 - intermediate sound-transparent adhesive layer, mating the surface of the separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments 4 with the inner surface of the sound-transparent bearing shell 3;

10 - thermoacoustic plug.

A vehicle, the power frame of the body of which contains box-shaped hollow elements 1 made of thin-sheet molded metal panels 2, in at least one of which at least one thermoacoustic plug 10 is mounted, comprising a soundproof transparent shell 3 filled with separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments 4 made of identical or different types of structures and grades of sound-absorbing materials, with identical or different physical characteristics, chemical its composition, porosity, quantity and combination of types of structures of porous layers in single and / or multilayer combinations, identical or different geometric shapes and overall dimensions, made from the original recyclable materials in the form of technologically processed by the method of crushing porous sound-absorbing structures of recyclable parts dismantled with recyclable technical objects, mainly parts of noise insulation packages of vehicles, which have completed their life cycle, and / or from technological waste production and porous production of porous sound-absorbing materials and parts from them, while the volume of each of the separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments 4 is in the range of V _f = 6 × (10 ^-9 · 10 ^-4 ) m ³ and the packing density of the separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments 4 in the cavity of the carrier sound-transparent shell 3 is ρ _f = 50 ... 320 kg / m ³ .

The claimed range of values of the volumes V _{f of the} used isolated crushed sound-absorbing fragments 4 on the one hand (the lower limit value is 6 × 10 ^-9 m ³ ) is limited mainly by the technological capabilities of manufacturing and their subsequent placement in load-bearing transparent shells 3. On the other hand side (the upper limit value of 6 × 10 ^-4 m ^3), the values of the volume V _p of separate acoustical crushed fragments 4 and ρ _f density of packing in the bearing shells 3 are limited sound transmission optionally The feasibility of achieving increased acoustic (sound-absorbing) efficiency, which is largely determined by the implemented indicators of resistance to blowing by the air flow, porosity, dynamic compliance and the total area of free surface faces of isolated crushed porous sound-absorbing fragments directly involved in the process of sound absorption of the flow of acoustic energy propagated through the waveguide (noise ) section of the hollow element of the power frame of the vehicle body.

In addition to the used detached crushed sound-absorbing fragments 4 made of recyclable recycled acoustic materials, the supporting translucent shell 3, at least partially, but less than half the volume, can be filled with separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments 4 made using the technologies for their production from new »produced semi-finished sheet acoustic materials subjected to the subsequent technological process of their crushing into fragments of a given x forms and dimensions.

The sound transparency of the soundproof transparent shell 3 of the thermoacoustic plug 10 is characterized by a corresponding low value of blowing resistance (fabric or microperforated film layers) and / or low values of specific surface mass, determined by the mass per 1 m ^{2 of the} surface (continuous film or foil layers not blown by the air flow). The value of the resistance to blowing of sound-transparent air-blown fabrics or non-woven materials (micro-perforated film or micro-perforated foil layers) should preferably be in the range of 20 ... 500 N · s / m ³ , with a thickness of the fabric, non-woven fabric of the micro-perforated film or micro-perforated foil layer of 0.025 ... 0, 25 mm and a surface density of 20 ... 300 g / m ² . The values of surface density (specific surface mass) of continuous protective sound-transparent films not blown by the air stream should preferably be in the range of 20 ... 70 g / m ² , with a film thickness of 0.01 ... 0.1 mm.

The soundproof transparent casing 3 of the film type can be made of polyester aluminized, urethane, polyvinyl chloride or from a similar type of acceptable polymeric materials. The air-blown sound-transparent casing 3 made of micro-perforated foil material provides for the use of aluminum, copper, and brass as the structural material. The sound-transparent carrier 3 of the air-blown fabric (non-woven fabric) type can be made of material of the type "malifliz", "filts", fiberglass, etc. The use of this type of material for the manufacture of soundproof transparent shells 3 of thermoacoustic plugs 10 provides a predetermined packing density of separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments 4, with subsequent localized placement of thermoacoustic plugs 10 in the cavities of hollow box-shaped elements 1 of the body carcass, eliminating unwanted ingress and accumulation (absorption) into the open-cell foam or fibrous structure of isolated crushed sound-absorbing fragments 4 different liquids (moisture, fuel, cutting fluids), small particles, insects during the operation of the vehicle (mainly for thermoacoustic plugs 10 mounted in the cavities of the thresholds of the vehicle body).

To give a given spatial configuration to a thermoacoustic plug 10 containing a soundproof sheath 3, a shape-forming frame elastically deformable core element 5 can be additionally introduced into its structure made of appropriate polymeric materials such as polyamide, polypropylene, etc. similar intended use of the type of structural material, as well as in the form of cast, glued, welded or brazed spatial rod (wire) metal structures.

The translucent supporting shell 3 in the cross section can take the form (outline) of a simple geometric figure (such as a triangle, rectangle, polygon, oval, circle), or more complex, determined by the geometric parameters of the internal surfaces (sections) of the hollow box-like box element 1 of the power body frame , in which the thermoacoustic plug 10 is installed, or by the outer surfaces of the extreme perimetric forming layer of separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments 4. At the same time, they carry sound transparent envelope 3 thermoacoustic plugs 10 placed in one and the same and / or different hollow box-like elements 1 power body frame, may have either different or identical dimensions and geometrical shapes.

To ensure a given (regulated) technical task for designing a noise-reducing effect, in various spatial zones of hollow box-shaped elements 1 of the body carcass, the sound-transparent shells 3 of thermoacoustic plugs 10 can be selectively filled with separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments of 4 different types of structures of overall dimensions and geometric shapes with differing physical and mechanical characteristics.

To reduce the airborne transmission of sound energy into the space of the passenger compartment (driver's cabin) of the vehicle, thermoacoustic plugs 10 can be located in the cavities of each of the hollow box-shaped elements 1 of the power frame of the body or only in separate (most critical from the point of view of enhanced transmission of acoustic energy) of them.

Thermoacoustic plugs 10 can either be freely placed (without special fixed fastening) in the cavities of the hollow box-shaped elements 1 of the power frame of the vehicle body and retained due to the frictional force and / or elastic properties of the isolated crushed sound-absorbing fragments 4 (being in a compressed deformed state), and placed using additional remote mechanical fasteners 6 or adhesive mounting layer 7 (sticky adhesive, thermoactive).

When using the homeless concept of thermoacoustic plugs that completely overlap the passage section of the hollow box-like element 1 of the vehicle body frame, to prevent moisture accumulation in their cavities during the operation of the vehicle, an additional ventilation duct can be formed between the inner surfaces of the thin-sheet molded panels 2 and the outer surface contour of the thermoacoustic plugs 10 and / or drainage channel 8.

The surfaces of the detached crushed sound-absorbing fragments 4 can be mated and fixed on the inner surface of the sound-transparent carrier shell 3 using an intermediate sound-transparent adhesive layer 9 (not shown in the figures), made, for example, in the form of spaced solid or intermittent thin lines of many regular geometric shapes , or made in the form of a coating perforated through holes, or in the form of a continuous layer of adhesive coating (with a specific surface Som ρ≤100 g / m ²⁾ or a continuous layer of thermoactive adhesive coating (with a specific surface weight ρ≤50 g / m ^2).

The absorption of sound energy generated by the working processes of functioning units, assemblies and vehicle systems during its operation is associated with the propagation of sound waves through the hollow box-shaped elements of the power frame of the body. During operation of the vehicle in the spaces of its engine compartment, underbody area and luggage compartment, sound energy is generated, which is distributed by air through the cavities of the hollow box-shaped elements 1 of the power frame of the body and transmitted through the technological and unused functional openings located in them to the living space, in which There is a driver and passengers (passenger compartment, driver's cabin). When using the claimed technical solution in the process of propagation (propagation) of sound energy through the hollow box-shaped elements 1 of the power frame of the vehicle body, sound waves incident on the surface of the carrier of the translucent shell 3 of the thermoacoustic plug 10 with minimal loss (minimal reflection of sound) pass through its thin-walled structure ( including the structure of the intermediate sound-transparent adhesive layer 9 (if any) and get on the surface of the porous separate crushed sound-absorbing 4 fragments.

In the process of the passage of sound waves through a porous fibrous and / or open-cell foam structure of separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments 4, the process of absorption of sound energy is carried out, with its irreversible conversion into thermal energy. The process of weakening the amplitudes of sound pressures due to the corresponding conversion of sound energy into work to overcome the dynamic deformations of the porous skeleton and spent on the friction process during the propagation of sound waves in communicating labyrinth channels and / or the porous structure of sound-absorbing substances and in surface interfragment air cavities is also being implemented formed between separate isolated crushed sound-absorbing fragments 4, with a final irreversible transformation m (dispersion) distributed sound energy into thermal energy. When using a porous sound-absorbing substance of thermoacoustic plugs in the form of separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments 4 (relative to, for example, a comparable use case of a monolithic layer of sound-absorbing substance), the surface of sound energy absorption includes numerous surfaces of porous end zones formed by families of open surfaces of contacting zones of separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments 4 with formed between them, with interconnecting inter-faceted air channels and cavities between them. In addition, the diffraction edge mechanism for dissipating the energy of sound waves, which occurs at the edge face zones of isolated crushed sound-absorbing fragments 4, is also additionally implemented. As a result of the implementation of the numerous dissipation mechanisms noted, most of the sound energy transmitted through the carrier translucent sheath 3 and propagating in the structure of the air-borne porous substance isolated crushed sound-absorbing fragments 4, is converted (irreversibly scattered) into heat energy-hand. Ultimately, a higher efficiency of the proposed technical solution is achieved (compared with the structures described in the known analogues and prototype) in terms of reducing the airborne transmission of sound energy into the space of the passenger room (driver's cabin) of the vehicle from the external noisy spaces of its engine compartment, underbody area and luggage compartment of the body, at lower cost indicators and reducing harmful environmental impacts on the environment.

Of course, the claimed invention is not limited to the presented specific structural examples of its implementation, described in the text and shown in the accompanying figures in the graphic part of the application. Some minor changes to the various elements or materials from which these elements are made, or to replace them with technically equivalent ones that do not go beyond the scope of the claims indicated by the claims, remain possible.

Claims (18)

1. A vehicle equipped with noise generating units, aggregates and systems, the power body frame of which contains box-shaped hollow cavities formed by thin-sheet metal molded panels, in at least one of which is mounted at least one thermoacoustic plug containing a transparent translucent sheath filled with a porous sound-absorbing substance, characterized in that the porous sound-absorbing substance is represented by separate crushed sound-absorbing particles agents made from identical or different types of structures and grades of sound-absorbing materials, with identical or different physical characteristics, chemical composition, porosity, quantity and combination of types of structures of porous layers in single and / or multilayer combinations, identical or different geometric shapes and dimensions the sizes made from the initial utilized raw materials in the form of technologically processed by the method of crushing porous sound-absorbing structures of utilized lei dismantled from utilized technical objects, mainly parts of noise-insulating packages of vehicles that have completed their life cycle, and / or from technological waste and rejects from the production of porous sound-absorbing materials and parts from them, while the volume of each of the isolated crushed sound-absorbing fragments is in the range V _f = 6 × (10 ^-9 ... 10 ^-4 ) m ³ , and the packing density of separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments in the cavity of the carrier sound-transparent shell is ρ _f = 50 ... 320 kg / m ³ . 2. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame reinforcing element is placed in the cavity of the supporting sound-transparent shell of at least one thermoacoustic plug together with separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments. 3. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting sound-transparent shell in cross section has the form of a simple geometric figure, such as a triangle, rectangle, polygon, oval, circle. 4. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the transverse cross-sectional sound-transparent shell of the thermoacoustic plug is in the form of a complex geometric figure defined by the geometric parameters of the internal surfaces of the mating section of the hollow box-like box body element. 5. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the transverse cross-sectional sound-absorbing shell of the thermoacoustic plug has the form of a complex geometric figure defined by the external contour surfaces of the peripheral layer composed of separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments. 6. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the soundproof transparent shells of thermoacoustic plugs placed in different parts of the hollow box-shaped elements of the body frame have identical overall dimensions and geometric shapes. 7. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the soundproof transparent shells of thermoacoustic plugs placed in different sections of the hollow box-shaped elements of the body frame have different overall dimensions and geometric shapes. 8. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the soundproof transparent shells of thermoacoustic plugs placed in different parts of the hollow box-like elements of the body frame are selectively filled with separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments of various overall dimensions and geometric shapes, with different physical and mechanical characteristics. 9. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermoacoustic plugs are placed in the cavities of the hollow box-shaped elements of the body frame without the use of any additional mechanical fasteners and adhesive joints. 10. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermoacoustic plugs are placed in the cavities of the hollow box-shaped elements of the power frame of the body using remote fasteners or mounting adhesive. 11. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the surfaces of the detached crushed sound-absorbing fragments, mating with the inner surface of the supporting sound-transparent shell, contain a sound-transparent adhesive layer made of spaced solid thin lines. 12. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the separate crushed sound-absorbing fragments, mating with the inner surface of the carrier sound-transparent shell, contain a sound-transparent adhesive layer, represented by thin dashed lines. 13. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the detached crushed sound-absorbing fragments, mating with the inner surface of the carrier soundproof shell, contain a film adhesive layer, perforated through holes. 14. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the surfaces of the detached crushed sound-absorbing fragments, mating with the inner surface of the supporting sound-transparent shell, contain a continuous sound-transparent adhesive layer with a specific surface weight of ρ≤100 g / m ² . 15. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the surfaces of the detached crushed sound-absorbing fragments, mating with the inner surface of the carrier sound-transparent shell, contain a continuous sound-transparent thermoactive adhesive layer with a specific surface weight ρ≤50 g / m ² . 16. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting sound-transparent shell is made of a polymer film with a thickness of 0.01 ... 0.1 mm with a specific surface weight of 20 ... 70 g / m ² . 17. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the soundproof transparent shell is made of an air-blown layer of non-woven fabric or fabric material, a thickness of 0.025 ... 0.25 mm, a specific surface weight of 20 ... 300 g / m ² and a specific resistance to blowing it by air a stream of 20 ... 50 N × s × m ^-3 . 18. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that between the inner surfaces of the thin-sheet molded metal panels forming the hollow box-shaped element, and the outer surface contours of the thermoacoustic plug, a ventilation drainage channel is made.

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