RU2442706C1 - Volume absorber of acoustic energy for engine compartment of transportation vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the field of mechanical engineering and in particular to vehicle engineering. The volume absorber of acoustic energy for the motor compartment is mounted in the hood area limited in the front part in relation to the travel motion of a vehicle by the cooling module of the internal combustion engine with the radiator, fan and enclosure in assembly, in the back part - with the body front panel, at the top - with the cowl panel, at the bottom - with the lower screen of the motor compartment, in the side areas - with the wheel housing panels. It is firmly fixed on the internal surface of one or several body panels - the cowl panel and/or on the internal surface of the body front panel and/or on the internal surface of the lower screen of the motor compartment. In the installation area of the volume absorber a discharge intake chamber is formed, and in its porous noise-attenuating structure through ventilation oblique channels are made in relation to the longitudinal axle of the car. The structure of the porous layer of the volume absorber may be made of foam open-pore or fibrous material, or of the combination of alternating layers of foam and fibrous materials and is faced with the external protective cover of thin, dynamically flexible, air and water proof, sound transparent film with the thickness of <0.1 mm, or sound transparent, heat and water resistant fabric of Maliflis type, or in some local heat loaded areas - of thin (<0.1 mm) heat resistant imperforated or micro-perforated aluminum foil (for instance, opposite the collector housing) that are adhesively linked with the surface of the porous structure of the volume absorber of the corresponding type with a sticky glue or thermosetting substance or with the help of the fire method thus ensuring a sound transparent composite structure that excludes formation of a severe packed sounding entity.

EFFECT: more efficient energy consumption.

6 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engineering, in particular transport engineering, mainly to motor vehicles (hereinafter ATS) such as cars, and is a construction of a volumetric porous absorber of sound energy located in the engine compartment of the engine compartment of the ATS, in particular a car.

The vibrating walls of the body parts of the power unit and, in particular, of its component element, the internal combustion engine (ICE), such as the block and cylinder head, oil pan, valve cover of the head of the block, the guard cover of the drive of the gas distribution mechanism and auxiliary units, and other vibrating thin-walled structures of the external walls of the internal combustion engine and / or other body parts of the power unit, in particular transmission elements such as the clutch housing and the transmission case, as well as thin-walled parts of the system The gas exchange of internal combustion engines (intake and exhaust systems) such as exhaust pipes and exhaust manifold assembly complete with a neutralizer in the form of an integrated module - a collector of the exhaust gas system, concentrated in the space (cavity) of the engine compartment (in the engine compartment), are typical sources of intense structural noise, as a rule, the main (dominant) source of external and internal noise of the telephone exchange, a car, in particular. The collector is a multifunctional ICE module, which carries out both the transportation of exhaust gases as a component of the exhaust pipe of the exhaust system of the exhaust gas system, the neutralization of toxic components (CO, CH, NOx) contained in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, and the damping of the gas-dynamic component of the noise generated exhaust gas working process during engine operation (exhaust noise). Other generating sources of intense aerodynamic noise are also concentrated in the space of the engine compartment, such as a free air intake section of the intake manifold of the ICE intake system (intake noise), the impeller of the ICE cooling system fan, and the generator impeller (fan noise), which also make a significant contribution to the formation of diffuse sound field in a partially enclosed engine compartment of the ATS engine compartment. The flow of noise energy from this partially enclosed engine compartment (engine compartment) is freely radiated into the open environment mainly through the openings of the lower part of the engine compartment, repeatedly reflected as from the surfaces of the walls forming the space of the engine compartment - hood cover, walls (panels) of the front end panel , wheel arches (wheel mudguards), the lower screen of the engine compartment, and directly from the outer surfaces of the walls of the housings of parts of units and automatic telephone systems, laid in the engine compartment. Some (substantially smaller) part of the noise energy from the cavity of the engine compartment is transmitted (penetrates) through the structures of the front panel panels and the floor panels into the closed space occupied by the driver and passengers of the passenger compartment (driver’s cabin) of the ATS due to the limited sound-insulating ability of these walls of the cabin panels and / or passenger space (body panels assembly with soundproofing package and interior details) and the presence of leaky air (communication) wave pu s transmission noise emission. Some part of the noise energy in the space of the engine compartment is partially absorbed by external sound-absorbing claddings (panels), mounted, for example, on the inner surface of the hood and / or the front end flap, etc. (if this type of soundproof padding is equipped with a specific model of the telephone exchange). Due to the fact that reflected from the surfaces of the walls of the hood, the panels of the front end panel, wheel arches, the lower screen of the engine compartment and other hard surfaces of the body of the elements (assemblies, systems) of the ATS located in the engine compartment, sound waves are practically not absorbed (are not significantly absorbed) by the indicated hard surfaces (in those cases when noise-absorbing upholstery is not mounted on them) or are insufficiently intensively absorbed due to their very limited sound-absorbing ability, if The total area of the applied sound-absorbing panels mounted on the elements of the engine compartment is relatively small, while the available area of the open openings of the engine compartment is significant, in the end, these sound waves are quite intensively radiated out into the open environment through these open ventilation openings of the engine compartment. That is why, on these hard sound-reflecting surfaces of the engine compartment, in most cases, sound-absorbing elements (upholstery, panels) are installed that allow to absorb noise energy to one degree or another by expanding the active (absorbing incident sound waves) sound absorption surface in the engine compartment. This type of noise absorbing elements, made in the form of porous plate upholstery and panels, are characterized by commensurate overall dimensions in length and width with a small thickness (length, width) to them. To a certain extent, this also allows one to influence the formation of resonant standing sound waves (lower eigenmodes) in the air cavity of the engine compartment, which can be formed as a result of dynamic excitation of natural frequencies of the air cavity of the engine compartment of a given geometric size, limited in height, width and length air pillars enclosed between the hard, sound-reflecting surfaces of the walls of the hood, the dashboard panel of the front end of the body, the wheel arches and the lower screen otornogo compartment (and / or pavement surface). As a result of this, the noise radiation produced from the space of the engine compartment into the environment is somewhat attenuated, however, in the form of a pronounced low- and mid-frequency range [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].

[1] - RF patent No. 1468811 "Vehicle", B62D 25/10, publ. 03/30/89, Bull. No. 12;

[2] - RF patent No. 1493497 "Vehicle", BKK 13/02, F02B 77/13, publ. 07/15/89, Bull. No. 26;

[3] - RF patent No. 1572904 "Vehicle", B62D 25/10, publ. 06/23/90, Bull. No. 23;

[4] - RF patent No. 1632808 "Vehicle", B60K 11/06, F02M 35/2, publ. 03/07/91, Bull. No. 9;

[5] - RF patent No. 1710367 "Vehicle", B60K 11/06, publ. 02/07/92, Bull. No. 5.

Known technical devices for reducing the levels of noise energy generated in the space of the engine compartment emitted by the power unit, components and systems of the internal combustion engine, and then to a certain extent weakened re-emitted into the environment, in which various porous plate-type noise-absorbing panels and noise insulating casings (acoustic capsules) are used installed in the engine compartment, containing, as a rule, separate ventilation ducts to provide directional cooling cooling most thermally loaded elements - DE 2801339A1, DE 19543495A1, DE 102006009600A1, DE 102008027207A1, EP 0921291A1, FR 2927590A1, JP62053222A, RU 2282544C2, RU 7391U1, RU 2369495C2, SU 1320476115161, JP 1320476115171, JP 1320476111161

Known technical devices include, in particular, the use of enclosed acoustic (noise insulating) capsules or local limited enclosures covering the power unit (ICE) enclosure to suppress the sound radiation of individual units and / or systems located in the engine compartment of the engine compartment, as well as of a plate-type sound-absorbing ( noise-absorbing) panels located on the surfaces of the walls of the standard bodywork elements of the ATS - the bonnet cover, the front end shield, the lower screen of the engine compartment.

One of these devices, selected as a prototype, is presented in Russian patent No. 2229990, IPC 7 B60R 13/08, F02B 77/13, G10K 11/168, published June 10, 2004, which describes a vehicle, mainly ground-based, wheeled, for example, a car, including, in particular, installed in the engine compartment of the internal combustion engine, the upper part of which is enclosed by a soundproof casing, fastened by fasteners to the supporting elements of the internal combustion engine housing and placed with a gap with respect to the body hood, and the casing structure includes a bearing frame and sound-absorbing panel made of porous sound-absorbing material. The engine compartment hood space is limited in front (with respect to the direction of the vehicle) by the engine cooling system module with a radiator, a fan and the housing assembly (engine cooling system module), in the rear part by the body front panel panel, on top by the body hood cover, from the bottom - the bottom screen of the engine compartment, along the side zones - the panels of the wheel arches of the body. The supporting frame is made in the form of a rigid perforated metal or polymer part integrated into the body of the porous sound-absorbing structure of the panel. The structure of the sound-absorbing panel made of porous sound-absorbing material located on both sides of the supporting frame in the form of a two-sided (volumetric) sound absorber can have various mechano-acoustic characteristics. The part of the sound-absorbing panel located above the supporting frame is made in the form of an integrally formed shell of porous fibrous organic or synthetic material, for example, fibrous felt from basalt, glass or cotton fibers, or porous pressed fibrous metal material, for example, a porous mesh metal material, and part of the sound-absorbing panel located under the supporting frame is made of porous foam material, such as open-cell foam ethane. The part of the sound-absorbing panel located above the supporting frame is made of porous foam material, for example, open-cell polyurethane foam, and the part of the sound-absorbing panel located under the supporting frame is made in the form of a whole-molded shell made of porous fibrous organic or synthetic material, for example, basalt fiberglass, fiber or cotton fibers, or a porous pressed fibrous metal material, for example a porous mesh metal material rial. The holes of the perforation of the supporting frame can be made through, round geometric shape or in the form of through grooves with bends. The supporting frame can also be made in the form of a single-layer or multi-layer wire mesh mounted on bearing rod elements. At least part of the surface of the sound-absorbing panel is lined with a protective thin sound-transparent film, for example, urethane, polyvinyl chloride, aluminized, polyester or thin heat-resistant aluminum foil.

The properties of “sound-transparent stitching” of embedded surface layers of the porous sound-absorbing layer and a thin protective sound-transparent film can be provided, for example, by appropriate technical means and technological procedures, as this, in particular, is presented in detail in RF patent No. 2188772 published in BI No. 25 of 10.09 .2000 g.

For the tasks of creating a low-noise telephone exchange (passenger car) with very strict environmental restrictive requirements imposed by existing norms and standards, it is also necessary to solve technical problems that, in some cases, are no longer able to efficiently fulfill the environmental problem posed (reduction of acoustic pollution) when using this type of known plate sound absorbing elements due to their limited effectiveness. This is primarily due to the limited possibilities for the practical implementation of the free surface areas of these parts, where this type of noise-attenuating panels can potentially be mounted. In some cases, there are not only natural limitations of their mounting layout in the “cramped” (saturated with numerous nodes and units of the ATS) space of the ATS engine compartment, but also the difficulties of ensuring the required performance in wet or snowy road surfaces or off-road driving (agricultural backgrounds), fire safety due to the high thermal load of the individual components of the systems and units of the ATS during the movement of the ATS with full load at low speeds tions. It is also worth noting the insufficiently effective structural potentials of influencing the suppression of the intrinsic air acoustic modes of the engine compartment free of airspace aggregates, leading to resonant amplifications of sound emission from the space (cavity) of the engine compartment through its open ventilation openings into the environment, when using plate-type noise-absorbing panels exclusively in areas of sound-reflecting surfaces on the walls of body panels forming the space of the engine compartment. To solve this problem, it is often necessary (expedient) to place more efficient sound absorbers in the volume of free space (cavity) of the engine compartment, close to the dominant sources of noise radiation, where the concentration of sound energy is maximum. In addition, in the engine compartment of modern automatic telephone exchanges, it is important to solve the problems of mitigating the negative effects of high heating temperatures on the numerous electronic devices with switching electrical wiring used in the design of automatic telephone exchanges, elements made of polymeric materials, and rubber products that do not allow overheating. In this regard, reducing the thermal load of this type of modules mounted in the engine compartment, as well as the very porous structure of the sound-absorbing material of a volume absorber of sound energy, is also a very urgent task.

The technical result in the inventive device of a volumetric absorber of sound energy (characterized by a commensurate ratio of dimensions in length, width and height, as a volumetric 3-dimensional sound-absorbing object) for the ATS engine compartment is provided by strengthening and expanding the main functions of the device - providing it with multifunctionality properties.

Specifically, this implies an increase in sound absorption efficiency due to both the expansion of the active surface area and the volume of the porous sound-absorbing substance located in the noisy space of the engine compartment, and due to the inclusion in the sound absorption process of additional noise-absorbing zones formed by through ventilation ducts, including additional sound absorption caused by diffraction edge effects in the peripheral zones of the ventilation ducts. At the same time, a free flow of the porous structure of the sound absorber of the sound energy located near the thermo-noise-active module of the exhaust manifold of the exhaust gas system provides a certain cooling of the porous structure of the sound-absorbing material of the volume absorber, which thus contributes to the fire safety of the ATS or allows the use of less expensive porous substances with lower hotness parameters at higher sound levels absorption. Also, along the way, the thermal load of critical zones of the engine compartment engine compartment is reduced due to directional blowing of the body of the heat-generating exhaust collector of the exhaust system, heated to a high temperature, carried out through the ventilation ducts of the volume sound absorber by the incoming air flow of the moving vehicle. The use of the claimed technical device also allows to a certain extent to implement the principle of crushing the sound field formed in the free air volume (cavity) of the engine compartment, carried out by the noise-absorbing structure of the sound absorber placed in it, which weakenes the processes of the appearance of intense intrinsic acoustic resonances ( standing sound waves in eigenmodes of the air cavities of the engine compartment) in free air spaces and the engine compartment with a corresponding weakening emitted into the environment through the open vents noise, while providing a reduction in thermally loaded engine compartment. In the corner zones of the enclosed space of the engine compartment, in which the device for volumetric absorption of sound energy is predominantly arranged (placed), antinodes of the lower eigenmodes of the cavity of the engine compartment are concentrated, characterized by the maximum concentration of sound energy at the indicated eigenmodes, which enhances the process of their absorption by placing the claimed technical devices in the specified corner zones.

The essence of the proposed technical solution lies in the fact that the volumetric absorber of sound energy for the engine compartment of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, mainly a passenger car, is mounted in the engine compartment limited in front (with respect to the direction of movement of the car) by the engine cooling system module with a radiator , fan and housing assembly (ICE cooling system module), in the rear - the panel of the body front panel, on top - the body hood cover, on the bottom - lower the engine compartment screen, along the side zones - the panels of the wheel arches of the body, fixedly mounted on the inner surface of one or more body panels - the bonnet of the body hood, and / or on the inner surface of the body front flap, and / or on the inner surface of the lower screen of the engine compartment, a pressure-absorbing cavity is formed in the installation zone of the volumetric absorber, and in its porous sound-absorbing structure there are made through ventilation ducts for passage through inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle the air flow of a moving vehicle, oriented in a certain way to reduce the temperature of the porous sound-absorbing structure of a volume absorber of sound energy and to provide directed movement of the air flow to the thermoactive surface of the body wall of the modular assembly of the exhaust manifold of the ICE exhaust system, like one of the most thermo-noise elements concentrated in the space of the engine compartment.

The structure of the porous layer of the volumetric absorber can be made, for example, of foamed open-cell, or fibrous, or of a combination of alternating porous layers of foamed and fibrous materials and coated with an external protective layer of a thin dynamically pliable, gas-tight, soundproof film with a thickness of ≤0.1 mm, such as polyester aluminized or heat and moisture resistant fabric such as maliflis, or in separate local thermally loaded zones - thin (≤0.1 mm) heat resistant solid or microperforated aluminum foil (mounted, for example, opposite the body of the exhaust exhaust manifold), which are adhesively “sewn” to the surface of the porous structure of the volume absorber of sound energy by sticky adhesive or thermoactive substance or fire method by providing appropriate sound-transparent composite structure excluding the formation of a tightened compacted sound-reflecting formation. The structure of the porous sound-absorbing layer can be integrated bearing a mortgage element (frame) in the form of a plate, mainly perforated, mesh or core frame of a metal or polymer material. The volumetric absorber of sound energy can be fixed on the surfaces of the engine compartment walls using an appropriate sticky adhesive or thermal adhesive that provides the required technological and operational characteristics under the adverse effects of high vibration loads, alternating high and low temperatures, possible moisture, lubricating oils, fuels, coolants. The fastening of the volume absorber on the surfaces of the walls of the engine compartment can also be carried out by mechanical fasteners with the possible use of the corresponding design of the embedded frame element, part of which can protrude beyond the dimensions of the volume absorber of sound energy and can be a direct mounting element. In order to provide additional damping of the structure of the porous layer relative to the base on which the volume absorber of sound energy is fixed, blind dead-end cavities having various configurations and depths can be made on the mounting surface in order to provide (expand) the specified properties of the efficiency and frequency range of acoustic damping or due to the corresponding non-planar relief of the standard mounting (mating) surface of the body panel, possibly having one or another non-flat geometrical surface relief in the form of shallow punching, small welded amplifiers that fit freely in these dead-end cavities.

A comparison of the known scientific and technical information and patent documentation on the priority date in the main and related sections of the MKI shows that the set of essential features of the claimed technical solution was not previously known, therefore, it meets the patentability condition of “novelty”.

Analysis of known technical solutions in the art showed that the inventive device of a volumetric absorber of sound energy has features that are absent in the known technical solutions, and their use in the claimed combination of features makes it possible to obtain a new technical result, therefore, the proposed technical solution has an inventive step compared with the existing level of technology.

The proposed technical solution is industrially applicable, because can be manufactured industrially, efficiently, feasibly and reproducibly, therefore, meets the patentability condition "industrial applicability".

Other features and advantages of the claimed invention will become apparent from the figures of the graphic part of the presented technical solution and the following detailed description, where:

- Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the engine compartment (engine compartment) of an automatic telephone exchange with components of ICE units and systems mounted in it, where the exhaust manifold of the exhaust system is installed behind the ICE body (with respect to the direction of the vehicle) in front of the dash panel and the front floor of the body with a top mounted volumetric sound energy absorber;

- figure 2 shows a diagram of the engine compartment (engine compartment) of the ATS with the components of ICE units and systems mounted in it, where the exhaust manifold of the exhaust system is installed in front of the ICE housing in the installation area of the ICE cooling module with the sound absorber volumetric device mounted on top energy

figure 3 shows another variant of the circuit of the engine compartment (engine compartment) of the ATS with the components of ICE units and systems mounted in it, where the exhaust manifold of the exhaust system is installed in front of the ICE case in the installation area of the engine cooling system module, with the device installed below volumetric absorber of sound energy.

Positions in figure 1, 2, 3 are indicated:

1 - ICE;

2 - exhaust manifold of the engine exhaust system;

3 - the engine cooling system module with a radiator, a fan and a guide cover assembly;

4 - dashboard front end;

5 - body hood cover;

6 - lower screen of the engine compartment of the vehicle;

7 - panel wheel arches of the body;

8 - standard plate type sound-absorbing (noise-insulating) panel of the front panel (mounted on the panel of the front panel of the body panel;

9 - volumetric absorber of sound energy.

Figure 4 shows a design variant of a volumetric absorber of sound energy installed in the engine compartment of the ATS (upper installation option);

- figure 5 shows another possible embodiment of the volumetric absorber of sound energy installed in the engine compartment of the ATS (lower installation option).

Positions in figure 4, 5 are indicated:

1 - ICE;

2 - exhaust manifold of the engine exhaust system;

4 - dashboard front end;

5 - body hood cover;

6 - lower screen of the engine compartment of the vehicle;

9 - volumetric absorber of sound energy;

10 - through ventilation channels of a volumetric absorber of sound energy;

11 - deaf (dead end) cavities formed in the porous structure of the volume absorber of sound energy from the mounting surface of the absorber;

12 - pressure air intake cavity of a volume absorber of sound (noise) energy.

Figure 6 in a three-dimensional image presents a structural embodiment of a volumetric sound absorber.

The positions in Fig.6 indicated:

9 - volumetric absorber of sound (noise) energy;

10 - through ventilation ducts;

11 - deaf (dead end) cavities formed in the porous structure of the volume absorber of sound energy from the mounting surface of the absorber;

12 - pressure air intake cavity formed in the installation area of the volumetric absorber of sound energy.

α≤90°) относительно горизонтальной поверхности (продольной оси автомобиля) сквозные вентиляционные каналы 10 для обеспечения свободного прохода набегающего воздушного потока, которые пространственно ориентированы таким образом, что целенаправленно направляют набегающий воздушный поток движущегося АТС на заданную термогенерирующую виброшумоактивную поверхность стенки корпуса выпускного катколлектора 2 системы выпуска отработавших газов ДВС, а также обеспечивают охлаждение пористой структуры звукопоглощающего вещества объемного поглотителя звуковой энергии 9. Пористая звукопоглощающая структура объемного поглотителя звуковой энергии 9 может быть изготовлена из волокнистых материалов на основе натуральных (хлопковых, шелковых, джутовых, сизальных, льняных, конопляных и др.), белковых (животного происхождения), синтетических (акриловых, полиэстеровых, полиоксидиазольных, полиамидных, углеродных, арамидных, полипропиленовых, нейлоновых и т.д.) или из вспененных открытоячеистых материалов (на основе уретанового, нитрильного, винилового, бутадиен-стирольных каучуков и т.д.). В технологиях изготовления цельноформованных структур волокна могут пропитываться связующим компонентом, содержащим, к примеру, фенилметилполисилоксан, полиорганоэлементосилоксан, тетрабромдифенилпропан, фенолформальдегид, полиамид и т.д., или же в состав могут быть включены (равномерно распределены) термоплавкие связующие волокна (например, полипропиленовые). Цельноформованная структура объемного поглотителя звуковой энергии 9 может содержать закладной ужесточающий каркасный несущий элемент в виде пластинчатого (преимущественно перфорированного), сетчатого или стержневого каркаса из металлического или полимерного материала. Установка (закрепление) устройства объемного поглотителя звуковой энергии 9 может производиться как путем его адгезивного закрепления с помощью соответствующего липкого клеящегося вещества или термоадгезива, так и механического крепления к сопрягаемым панелям капота, щитка передка, нижнего экрана моторного отсека АТС с возможным использованием закладного каркасного элемента, часть которого может выступать за габариты объемного поглотителя звуковой энергии 9 и являться непосредственным монтажным элементом. Для дополнительного демпфирования (диссипации) звуковой энергии, распространяющейся по пористой структуре объемного поглотителя звуковой энергии 9, относительно основания, на котором он закреплен, на его монтажной поверхности могут быть выполнены глухие (тупиковые) полости 11, которые могут иметь различную конфигурацию и глубину для обеспечения тех или иных заданных по величине и частотному диапазону свойств акустического демпфирования или обусловленные встречным неплоским геометрическим рельефом штатной монтажной (сопрягаемой) поверхности кузовной панели, возможно имеющей тот или иной неплоский геометрический рельеф поверхности в виде неглубоких подштамповок, малогабаритных приварных усилителей и т.п., свободно помещающихся в этих тупиковых полостях. Для дополнительного пространственного направления и интенсификации процесса охлаждающего обдува стенки термонагруженного выпускного катколлектора 2 набегающим воздушным потоком сквозными вентиляционными каналами 10 и повышения эффективности охлаждения пористой структуры звукопоглощающего материала объемного поглотителя звуковой энергии 9 в зоне монтажного сопряжения объемного поглотителя звуковой энергии 9 с примыкающей кузовной панелью моторного отсека может быть образована напорная соответствующей формы и размеров воздухозаборная полость 12.A vehicle, in particular an automatic telephone exchange, such as a passenger car, contains, in particular, noise-generating elements - ICE 1 with an exhaust manifold 2 exhaust system, which are the dominant sources of sound and heat energy, installed in the engine compartment of the engine compartment, limited in front ICE cooling system module with a radiator, a fan and a guide cover assembly 3, in the back - the panel of the body front panel 4, on top - the hood cover of the body 5, bottom - bottom m with the ATC 6 engine compartment screen, along the side zones with the panels of the wheel arches of the body 7. The surface of the wall of the flap of the front end of the body from the side of the engine compartment cavity or at least part of it can be covered (lined) with the standard plate type sound-absorbing panel (lining, upholstery ) 8, or there may be no such sound-absorbing panel on the surface of the flap wall of the bodywork front panel. On the inner surface of the hood cover 5, and / or on the inner surface of the front flap, and / or on the inner surface of the lower screen of the engine compartment of the ATC, in one way or another, as indicated below, a volume absorber of sound energy 9 is fixed, made in the form of a fully formed foam module, fibrous or combined (foam-fibrous) porous sound-absorbing material in the form of a mono- or multilayer structure containing through inclined with an acute (at least - right) angle (

α≤90 °) relative to the horizontal surface (the longitudinal axis of the car) through ventilation ducts 10 to ensure free passage of the incoming air flow, which are spatially oriented in such a way that they purposefully direct the incoming air flow of the moving ATC to a given thermogenerating vibration-noise active surface of the wall of the housing of the exhaust manifold 2 of the system ICE exhaust gas, and also provide cooling of the porous structure of the sound-absorbing substance volumetric sound energy absorbers 9. The porous sound-absorbing structure of a volumetric sound energy absorber 9 can be made of fibrous materials based on natural (cotton, silk, jute, sisal, linen, hemp, etc.), protein (animal), synthetic (acrylic, polyester , polyoxydiazole, polyamide, carbon, aramid, polypropylene, nylon, etc.) or from foamed open-cell materials (based on urethane, nitrile, vinyl, styrene-butadiene rubbers etc.). In technologies for the manufacture of whole-formed structures, fibers can be impregnated with a binder component containing, for example, phenylmethylpolysiloxane, polyorganoelementosiloxane, tetrabromodiphenylpropane, phenolformaldehyde, polyamide, etc., or the composition may include (evenly distributed) hot-melt binder fibers (for example, polypropylene) . The whole-formed structure of the volumetric absorber of sound energy 9 may contain a mortgage tightening frame supporting element in the form of a plate (mainly perforated), mesh or rod frame made of metal or polymer material. Installation (fixing) of the volumetric sound energy absorber device 9 can be carried out both by adhesive fixing it with an appropriate sticky adhesive or thermal adhesive, and by mechanical fastening to the mating panels of the hood, front panel, lower screen of the ATC engine compartment with the possible use of an embedded frame element, some of which may protrude beyond the dimensions of the volumetric absorber of sound energy 9 and be a direct mounting element. For additional damping (dissipation) of sound energy propagating along the porous structure of the volume absorber of sound energy 9, relative to the base on which it is fixed, blind (dead-end) cavities 11 can be made on its mounting surface, which can have a different configuration and depth to provide those or other acoustic damping properties specified in magnitude and frequency range or due to a counter non-planar geometric relief of the standard mounting (mating) surface surface of the body panel, possibly having one or another non-planar geometric surface relief in the form of shallow punching, small-sized welded amplifiers, etc., that freely fit in these dead-end cavities. For additional spatial direction and intensification of the cooling process of the wall of the thermally loaded exhaust manifold 2 by the incoming air flow through the ventilation ducts 10 and to increase the cooling efficiency of the porous structure of the sound-absorbing material of the sound energy absorbing device 9 in the mounting interface of the sound energy absorbing device 9 with an adjacent body panel of the engine compartment, a pressure head of the corresponding shape and size of the air duct shall be formed boron cavity 12.

To exclude during the operation of the ATS undesirable absorption into the porous open-cell foam or fibrous sound-absorbing structure of a volume absorber of sound energy of various liquids (moisture, fuel, cutting fluids), including during the washing of ATS, the external surface of the structure of a volume absorber of sound energy 9 is lined with protective a layer of a thin, dynamically pliable, gas-tight, soundproof film (for example, polyester aluminized, lavsan, urethane etc.) ≤0.1 mm thick or thermally moisture resistant fabric such as maliflis, or, if necessary, in separate local thermally loaded zones - thin heat-resistant solid or microperforated aluminum foil, which are adhesively “sewn” with a counter porous surface using appropriate technological procedures structures of a volumetric absorber of sound energy 9, for example, by a sticky adhesive or thermoactive substance or by the fire method with the formation of a layered sound-transparent composite structure that excludes mations toughened a reflecting seal.

To ensure the required operational and safety properties for preventing ignition and self-combustion (reporting self-extinguishing properties) to porous sound-absorbing (sound-insulating) structures (fibrous, foamed open-cell), certain substances or mixtures belonging to the class of flame retardants can be used. As a result, they decompose with the formation of non-combustible components and / or prevent the decomposition of the material with the release of combustible gases. They can be applied both directly to the surface of structures and can be part of solutions impregnating the porous structure. Common types of flame retardants are aluminum hydroxide, boron compounds, antimony, chlorides, and organic and inorganic phosphate compounds. In this regard, it is advisable to minimize their use (flame retardants), and it is also necessary to provide cooling for the porous (fibrous, foamed open-cell) structure of the sound-absorbing substance of the sound absorber of sound energy 9. This is favorable both from the point of view of fire safety during the operation of automatic telephone exchanges and provides the possibility of quantitative reduction impregnation of sound-absorbing materials with flame retardants, preservation of higher sound-absorbing properties, and also ensure the use of cheaper types and brands of sound-absorbing materials endowed with improved sound-absorbing properties suitable for use in a narrower temperature operating range. With regard to porous sound-absorbing structures of materials used as substances of parts and assemblies (modules) of ATC engine compartments exposed to elevated heating temperatures during operation of ATE, it is necessary to prevent a significant loss of their sound-absorbing properties due to the use of such type of substances (flame retardants) or the use of unsatisfactory technologies of them (flame retardants) with substances of porous sound-absorbing materials (both for surface application and volume distribution laziness in the porous structure).

The installation in the engine compartment of a volumetric absorber of sound energy 9 allows, first of all, to provide a more efficient absorption of the energy of sound waves of a diffuse sound field that forms in the engine compartment of the vehicle, especially in the area of one of the dominant elements of generating sound and thermal energy - the exhaust manifold body 2 internal combustion engine exhaust systems, and thus reduce vehicle external and internal noise levels, as well as reduce thermal load con- cern powertrain parts, assemblies and systems of internal combustion engines, which in turn will improve the performance (fire safety, durability and reliability) of the vehicle due to their blowing direction of the cooling air flow. It is also important to note that the blowing through the flowing through-flow ventilation ducts 10 of the porous structure of the volume absorber of sound energy 9 located near the thermo-noise-active module of the exhaust manifold 2 of the exhaust system, provides a certain cooling of the very porous structure of the sound-absorbing material, which, therefore, not only contributes to the fire safety of automatic telephone exchanges, but also allows the possibility of using less expensive porous sound-absorbing substances Stv with lower combustibility at higher sound absorption values.

Of course, the claimed invention is not limited to the presented specific structural examples of its implementation, described in the text and shown in the accompanying figures in the graphic part of the application. Some minor changes to the various elements or materials from which these elements are made, or to replace them with technically equivalent ones that do not go beyond the scope of the claims indicated by the claims, remain possible.

Claims (6)

1. Volumetric absorber of sound energy for the engine compartment of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, mainly a passenger car, mounted in the engine compartment, limited in front in relation to the direction of movement of the vehicle, by a cooling module of the internal combustion engine with a radiator, fan and housing assembly , in the back - by the panel of the front end panel, from above - by the hood cover of the body, from below - by the lower screen of the engine compartment, along the side zones - by the panels of wheel arches a belt fixedly mounted on the inner surface of one or more body panels - body hood covers and / or on the inner surface of the body front flap, and / or on the inner surface of the lower screen of the engine compartment, characterized in that a pressure intake cavity is formed in the installation area of the volumetric absorber and in its porous sound-absorbing structure there are made through ventilation channels inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle for the passage of the air flow of a moving motor vehicle a means oriented in a certain way to ensure the directional movement of the air flow at the outlet surface termoshumoaktivnuyu katkollektora exhaust gases of internal combustion engine exhaust system of the modular unit of the housing wall. 2. Volumetric absorber of sound energy for the engine compartment of a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the structure of the porous layer is made of foamed open-cell or fibrous, or of a combination of alternating layers of foamed and fibrous materials and is lined with an external protective layer of a thin dynamically malleable, gas-tight, soundproof film with a thickness of ≤0.1 mm, or soundproof heat and moisture resistant fabric such as maliflis, or in separate local thermally loaded zones of thin (≤0.1 mm) ter ostoykoy solid or microperforated aluminum foil (for example - contrary housing katkollektora) which adhesively "stitched" with the porous structure surface of the corresponding type volumetric absorber or thermoactive adhesive sticky substance or fired by ensuring sound transparency of the composite structure excluding the formation of the densified toughened a reflecting formation. 3. Volumetric sound energy absorber for the motor compartment of a motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting mortgage element (frame) is integrated into the structure of the porous layer in the form of a plate, mainly perforated, mesh or rod frame made of a metal or polymer material. 4. Volumetric absorber of sound energy for the engine compartment of a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that its mounting on the surfaces of the walls of the engine compartment is carried out using an appropriate type of sticky adhesive or thermal adhesive. 5. Volumetric absorber of sound energy for the engine compartment of a vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that its mounting on the surfaces of the walls of the engine compartment is made by mechanical fasteners with the possible use of a bearing embedded frame element, some of which can protrude beyond the dimensions of the volumetric absorber directly by mounting element. 6. Volumetric absorber of sound energy for the engine compartment of a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that for additional damping of the structure of its porous layer relative to the base on which it is fixed, blind dead-end cavities having a different configuration and depth are made on the mounting surface.

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