RU2479979C2 - Stripping device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery industry, in particular to stripping devices intended for harvesting crop seeds, inflorescences and leaves of industrial crops and medicinal plants by the method of stripping the standing plants. The device comprises a stripping cylinder (2) with working elements (3), the receiving chamber (4) having an adjustable front wall (11), a window (10) for the air outlet, an unloading mechanism (7) and pneumoseparating channel (5) which communicates with the receiving chamber (4). The pneumoseparating channel (5) enables to discharge from the receiving chamber (4) the air flow generated by the stripping cylinder using the kinetic energy of the flow to separate aerodynamically light impurities from the stripped heap.

EFFECT: invention enables to reduce grain losses, to reduce the content of aerodynamically light impurities in the stripped heap.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular grain-harvesting machines, and can be used for harvesting seeds of agricultural crops, inflorescences and leaves of industrial crops and medicinal plants by root washing.

A device for threshing crops on the vine (SU 1165278, A01D 41/08, publ. 07/07/1985, bull. No. 25), containing a housing, two stripping drums, auger and conveyor. To exit the air stream formed by the drums, a mesh is provided in the housing.

A device for threshing plants on the vine is known (SU 1479019, A01D 41/08, publ. 05/15/1989, bull. No. 18). The device comprises a stripping drum, a stripping chamber, a casing with a trellised window for air outlet, grain conveyors.

According to the aforementioned inventions, the heap obtained as a result of towing under the action of the working bodies of the stripping drums and the air flow is transported to the rear part of the housing, the air flow, reaching the mesh or trellis window, comes out, grains and impurities larger than the mesh or grille openings remain inside the device and are taken away by the screw and conveyor.

The disadvantages of the known devices are the following:

the mesh or the lattice window is clogged by particles whose size is the same or smaller than the size of the holes of the mesh or lattice, as a result of which the pressure of the air flow generated by the stripping drum inside the housing increases and, consequently, the vacuum at the inlet to the threshing device decreases, grain losses in the tow area increase ;

due to the reduction of the possibility of exit when clogging the mesh or grill, the air circulates in the opposite direction, entraining the grains and spikelets, is captured and thrown out by the combing drum, grain loss occurs by ejection from the device;

the presence of a grid or lattice does not allow to remove aerodynamically light particles from the heaped pile by the air flow and thereby reduce the volume of the heaped pile;

high labor costs for cleaning nets or grids when driving and for replacing them when switching to harvesting other crops;

high cost of manufacturing nets and gratings.

Known stripping device (EA 012689, A01D 41/08, publ. 30.12.2009). The cleaning device comprises a housing, a roof, a cleaning and collecting and transporting chamber, a cleaning rotor, a screw and a conveyor. At least one slit is provided for the airflow generated by the stripping rotor in the rear upper part of the collecting and transporting chamber. According to this invention, the air flow generated by the rotating stripping rotor, due to the complex configuration of the inner side of the roof, is directed from the stripping chamber to the collecting and transporting chamber between the bottom wall of the housing and the screw pipe, passing through the layer of the heap under the screw, moving around the screw pipe, moves upward, the upper back of the case and goes outside through the gap.

The disadvantages of the known stripping device are as follows:

the air flow created by the rotating stripping rotor passes a difficult path with high hydraulic resistance (narrowing of the flow between the bottom wall of the casing and the auger pipe, passage through the rotating auger blades, rotation of the flow at an angle of the auger blades, passage through a heap layer, rounding the auger pipe, rotation exit through the slot, exit through the slot) as a result of which a high overpressure is created in the stripping chamber, which reduces the suction air flow at the inlet to the stripping chamber, which worsens yōkan process and leads to losses of grain in the stripping zone;

high hydraulic resistance in the air flow path leads to the reverse circulation of part of the air to the stripping drum, its capture and ejection outward by the working elements of the drum along with grain and spike, which leads to an increase in grain loss by ejection from the stripping chamber;

there is a high probability of grain removal by the air flow from the collecting and transporting chamber, since the amount of heap between the turns of the screw is uneven and air breaks out where resistance is less, grain and spikelets are being removed, grain losses at the air outlet from the collecting and transporting chamber increase;

the slot made in the rear wall of the housing for the air to pass out is located in close proximity to the heap transported by the screw, as a result of which the grain is ejected outward, grain losses at the air outlet from the collecting and transporting chamber increase;

due to the high hydraulic resistance along the path, the air velocity generally decreases and the kinetic energy of the air flow created by the rotating stripping rotor is not used to extract light impurities from the combed heap, which results in a high content of aerodynamically light impurities in the combed heap, which negatively affects the performance of the transporting mechanisms of the stripping device and subsequent threshing and separation mechanisms;

due to the complex configuration of the inner surface of the roof and the need to install additional shields, the cost of manufacturing a stripping device increases.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed invention is a device for towing plants on the vine (SU 898989, A01D 41/08, publ. 23.01.1982, bull. No. 3). The known device includes a combing drum with working elements, a receiving chamber having an adjustable front wall and a lattice window for air exit, made on the rear wall, an unloading mechanism.

According to this invention, the combed heap under the action of the working elements of the stripping drum and the air flow generated by the drum is transported to the rear of the receiving chamber to the unloading mechanism. Air flow, reaching the rear wall, exits through the lattice window. The transfer of grain through the window does not allow the lattice, the size of the holes which is smaller than the grain size. Grain and those impurities larger than the holes of the grate are discharged by an unloading mechanism.

The disadvantages of the known device for towing plants on the vine (prototype) are as follows:

Increased grain loss in the tow zone. This is due to the fact that the lattice window is quickly clogged with small particles, since the combed heap contains a large number of particles of various sizes and aerodynamic properties. Particles, the size of which practically coincides with the size of the holes of the lattice, get stuck in them, in addition, light large particles (floor, crease, leaves, pubescent weed seeds, etc.) cover the lattice and are held on it from the inside by air pressure. When the window grating is clogged, its hydraulic resistance increases and an increased air pressure is created in the receiving chamber, as a result of which the suction air flow between the front wall of the receiving chamber and the drum is weakened. With a decrease in the suction air flow, the vacuum at the inlet to the intake chamber decreases, the capture of stripped grains and spikelets by air deteriorates, and grain losses in the tow zone increase.

Increased grain loss by ejection from the receiving chamber by a stripping drum. This is due to the fact that when the grill is clogged, part of the air pumped by the stripping drum into the receiving chamber, unable to exit through the grill, circulates in the opposite direction, entraining grains and spikelets, is captured by the working elements of the stripping drum and is thrown out under the drum.

The presence of a lattice in the air flow path does not allow the full use of the kinetic energy of the air flow created by the stripping drum to remove aerodynamically light impurities from the stripped pile (floor, crease, leaves, weed seeds, threshed spikelets). Only those impurities that are smaller than the holes of the grate (dust, small weed seeds) are discharged through the grate, and when the grating is clogged, many of these impurities are not removed and remain in a heap. Light impurities, having a sufficiently large volume, load the transporting mechanisms of the device for towing plants and the subsequent transporting, threshing and separating mechanisms, as a result of which it becomes necessary to have these mechanisms of sufficiently high productivity, and, consequently, of size, which increases the metal consumption and cost as the device itself for towing plants, and subsequent threshing and separating mechanisms.

When switching to harvesting other crops with significantly different seed sizes (for example, alfalfa and peas), it is necessary to replace the installed grid with a grid with other hole sizes, which increases the cost of the device and increases operating costs.

Clogging the grate leads to frequent stops of the cleaning unit for cleaning, which increases the cost of maintenance.

The design of the device does not provide for adjusting the air flow rate depending on the properties and condition of the harvested crop, which leads to an increase in grain losses.

The manufacture of sets of grids for various crops leads to a rise in the cost of the device.

The objective of the invention is to reduce grain losses, reduce the content of aerodynamically light impurities in the combed heap, reduce the manufacturing cost of the combing device, reduce operating costs, that is, eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype.

The problem is solved as follows.

The stripping device, like its prototype, includes a stripping drum with working elements, a receiving chamber having an adjustable front wall and at least one window for air outlet, an unloading mechanism. Unlike the prototype, the claimed device additionally has at least one pneumatic separating channel in communication with the receiving chamber, and the pneumatic separating channel is installed obliquely and has height-adjustable walls. The implementation of the pneumatic separation channel in communication with the receiving chamber, allows you to abandon the grill used in the prototype to eliminate the removal of grain through the window out. In the claimed device, the air flow created by the stripping drum, penetrating the combed heap moving in the receiving chamber and settling on the unloading mechanism, exits through the window and moves up the pneumatic separating channel. Particles of a heap, especially aerodynamically light (floor, crease, leaves, threshed empty spikelets, light weed seeds) and a small amount of heavy (grains, spikelets with grains, straw particles), carried by the air flow to the window and carried out from the receiving chamber through it into the air separation channel. On the path of movement along the channel, aerodynamically heavy particles (grains, spikelets, straw particles) under the action of gravity, overcoming the resistance of the upward air flow, return down to the receiving chamber and are discharged together with the bulk of the heap by the unloading mechanism. Thus, the removal of grain outward from the receiving chamber through the window is eliminated. The air under the pressure created by the stripping drum, moving up the channel, goes out, taking out the aerodynamically light components of the heap, the gravity of which is less than the force of the air flow.

Due to the absence of a grating, clogging of the exit window of the receiving chamber by particles of combed heap is eliminated. Due to the lack of clogging, the hydraulic resistance of the air separation channel does not change during the process, and the pressure of the air flow in the receiving chamber does not increase. The vacuum in the tow zone and the velocity of the suction flow at the inlet to the receiving chamber remain constant and thereby the grain loss in the tow zone is reduced.

Due to the free stable air outlet through the pneumatic separating channel, the reverse air circulation in the receiving chamber to the combing drum is eliminated, the causes of grain re-capture by the working elements of the combing drum are eliminated, and the loss of combed grain by ejection from the receiving chamber by the combing drum is reduced.

The implementation of the pneumatic separation channel in communication with the receiving chamber allows a more complete use of the kinetic energy of the air flow generated by the stripping drum, i.e. to isolate from the heaped pile not only those small aerodynamically light components that passed through the grate as in the prototype (dust, small weed seeds), but also to select larger aerodynamically light components (floor, crease, leaves, threshed spikelets, weed seeds). The content of light impurities in the combed heap is reduced, the mass and volume of the heap are reduced, it becomes possible to reduce the dimensions of the transporting mechanisms (auger, conveyor) and subsequent transporting, threshing and separating devices. The metal consumption and the cost of the stripping device as a whole are reduced.

With the elimination of clogging of the window for air outlet, there is no need for frequent stops and cleaning of the stripping device, and the cost of maintenance is reduced.

Grains not only captured by the air flow, but also reflected from the screw and the back wall, get into the pneumatic separation channel, especially when harvesting crops with low moisture grains and when harvesting crops with spherical seeds, such as peas. The installation of a pneumo-separating channel obliquely allows you to quench the speed of these grains due to an impact on the walls of the inclined channel, which then under the influence of gravity return back down to the receiving chamber, thereby reducing the grain removal.

Depending on the properties and condition of the crops being harvested, the aerodynamic properties of both the grain and the non-grain part of the stripped heap change, and, accordingly, to eliminate grain removal and maximize light impurities, the corresponding time spent in the channel is necessary. Adjusting the height of the air separation channel allows you to adjust the time spent by the particles of the heap in the channel, and thereby reduce the removal of grain and increase the air flow of the non-grain part of the heaped heap in case of changes in the properties and condition of the harvested crops.

The implementation of the separation channel in communication with the receiving chamber, in conjunction with the above-mentioned known features of the invention, in all cases of its implementation, provides a reduction in grain losses, a decrease in the content of aerodynamically light impurities in the heap, a reduction in the cost of manufacturing a stripping device, and a reduction in operating costs. In other words, the named new set of common essential features provides the technical result indicated in the task of the invention.

In addition, in specific versions of this stripping device, the air separation channel is made in a zigzag shape. Intensive deposition of heavy particles due to inertia occurs in a zigzag channel with sharp turns of the air flow. This embodiment of the channel is predominantly when harvesting crops with a slight difference in the aerodynamic properties of the grain and non-grain parts of the combed heap and, in addition, crops with high elastic properties of seeds. The implementation of the channel in a zigzag shape allows to reduce the removal of grain and increase the allocation of the non-cereal part of the combed heap in case of changes in the properties and condition of harvested crops.

In addition, in specific versions of this stripping device, the air separation channel is provided with an adjustable damper. The presence of an adjustable damper allows you to adjust the speed of the air flow in the pneumatic separating channel, thereby reducing grain removal and increasing the allocation of the non-cereal part of the heaped heap in case of changes in the properties and condition of harvested crops.

The technical solution is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a stripping device with a vertical pneumatic separating channel;

figure 2 shows the pneumatic separating channel of the stripping device, adjustable in height and depth;

figure 3 shows a stripping device with a pneumatic separating channel mounted obliquely;

figure 4 shows a stripping device with a pneumatic separating channel in a zigzag shape;

figure 5 shows a stripping device with pneumatic separation channel, tapering in height;

figure 6 shows a stripping device with pneumatic separation channel, expanding in height.

In the drawings, the following position designations are adopted:

1 - housing; 2 - combing drum; 3 - working elements stripping drum; 4 - receiving chamber; 5 - pneumatic separation channel; 6 - unloading auger; 7 - inclined conveyor; 8 - front wall of the receiving chamber; 9 - visor of the front wall of the receiving chamber; 10 - window receiving chamber; 11 - front wall of the air separation channel; 12 - the rear wall of the air separation channel; 13 - branch pipe; 14 - shutter; 15 - adjusting mechanism of the shutter; 16 - cutter; 17 - the lower part of the front wall of the air separation channel; 18 - the lower part of the rear wall of the air separation channel; 19 - the upper part of the front wall of the air separation channel; 20 - the upper part of the rear wall of the air separation channel; 21 is an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the depth of the air separation channel; 22 - adjustment mechanism for adjusting the height of the channel.

The cleaning device (Figs. 1-6) comprises a housing 1, a cleaning drum 2 with working elements 3, a receiving chamber 4, an air separating channel 5, an unloading screw 6, an inclined conveyor 7. The receiving chamber 4 has an adjustable front wall 8 with a visor 9. A pneumatic separating the channel 5, in communication with the receiving chamber 4 through the window 10, contains a front 11 and a rear 12 wall, a branch pipe 13. At the outlet of the pipe 13, a shutter 14 with an adjustment mechanism 15 is installed. A shutter 16 is installed on the trough of the screw 6 between the combing drum 2 and the screw 6 .

Figure 2 shows the pneumatic separating channel of the stripping device, adjustable in height and depth. In this case, the front and rear walls of the channel 5 consist of the lower 17, 18 and upper 19, 20 parts. The lower part 17 of the front wall of the channel 5 has a movable connection with the housing 1 and can be moved relative to it using the adjusting mechanism 21. The upper part 19 of the front wall of the channel 5 has a movable connection with the branch pipe 13. Between themselves, the lower 17 and the upper 19 of the front wall of the channel 5 are also connected movably. The lower part 18 of the rear wall of the channel 5 is fixedly connected to the rear wall of the housing 1. The upper part 20 of the rear wall of the channel 5 is fixedly connected to the branch pipe 13. The lower 18 and upper 20 parts of the rear wall of the channel 5 are connected movably. The outlet pipe 13 has an adjustment mechanism 22. When the height of the channel 5 is changed by the adjustment mechanism 22, the outlet pipe 13 is lowered or raised. At the same time, the upper parts 19 and 20 of the front and rear walls of the channel 5 connected to the outlet pipe move in height relative to the lower 17 and 18 walls channel 5 and, accordingly, the height of the air separation channel 5 decreases or increases. The depth of the air separation channel 5 is changed using the adjustment mechanism 21 by moving the lower front part 17 th wall relative to the housing 1 and the upper wall 19 movably connected to it relative to the branch pipe 13 towards the lower 18 and upper 20 parts of the rear wall of the channel 5.

The cleaning device operates as follows.

During operation of the stripping device, the rotating stripping drum 2 creates between the front wall 8 of the receiving chamber 4 and the drum 2 a suction air stream, which in the receiving chamber 4 passes into the discharge air, and, accordingly, forms a vacuum at the inlet of the receiving chamber 9 under the hood. When the stripping device moves along the field, the visor 9, set to a certain height, deflects the stems of the plants along the way. The working elements 3 of the combing drum 2 are introduced into the bread stand and comb the stems of the plants, tearing the spikelets and partially grinding the grain. The torn spikelets and threshed grains are thrown by the working elements 3 and the suction air flow into the receiving chamber 4. The vacuum created by the suction air flow under the visor 9 at the entrance to the receiving chamber 4, helps capture trailed spikelets and grains and the larger the vacuum, the less the loss of grain parts in the tow zone. The air flow, moving in the receiving chamber 4, enters the pneumatic separating channel 5 communicated with it through the window 10. Impurities trapped in the air stream (floor, gutter, straw, weed seeds, threshed spikelets), part of the grain and spikelets enter the pneumatic separating channel 5. When moving along the pneumatic separating channel 5, particles are separated by aerodynamic properties. Aerodynamically light components are carried out by the air flow, and heavy ones - grain, spikelets, straw under the influence of gravity, overcoming the resistance of the air flow, are lowered down into the receiving chamber 4 and are discharged by the screw 6 into the inclined conveyor 7. Regulation of the height and depth of the air separation channel 5 (Fig. .2), a change in its angle of inclination (Fig. 3) makes it possible to achieve minimal grain losses with a maximum removal of non-cereal impurities in the event of a change in the properties and condition of harvested crops. The adjusting flap 14 allows you to set the required air flow rate in the pneumatic separating channel 5 when changing the rotation frequency of the stripping drum 2. With significant changes in the properties of harvested crops (for example, harvesting inflorescences and leaves of industrial crops, medicinal plants), maximum removal of unnecessary components with minimal loss of business part is achieved additionally by selecting the number of channels, as well as the shape of the air separation channel: zigzag, tapering in height, expanding height (4-6).

Using the claimed invention will reduce grain loss, reduce the content of aerodynamically light impurities in the combed heap, reduce the manufacturing cost of combing devices, reduce operating costs during cleaning.

Claims (3)

1. A cleaning device comprising a cleaning drum with working elements, a receiving chamber having an adjustable front wall and at least one window for air outlet, an unloading mechanism, characterized in that at least one pneumatic separating channel is made, additionally with a receiving chamber, and the pneumatic separation channel is installed obliquely and has height-adjustable walls. 2. The stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air separation channel is made in a zigzag shape. 3. The stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air separation channel is equipped with an adjustable damper.

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