RU110902U1 - CLEANING DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. A cleaning device, including a cleaning drum with working elements, a receiving chamber having an adjustable front wall and an air outlet window, an unloading mechanism, characterized in that an air separation channel in communication with the receiving chamber is additionally made. ! 2. The cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air separation channel has height-adjustable walls. ! 3. The stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic separating channel has at least one wall regulating the depth of the channel. ! 4. The cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic separating channel is configured to change the angle of inclination. ! 5. The stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air separation channel is made in a zigzag shape. ! 6. The stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic separating channel is made tapering in height. ! 7. The stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic separating channel is made expanding in height. ! 8. The stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air separation channel is provided with an adjustable damper.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular grain-harvesting machines, and can be used for harvesting seeds of agricultural crops, inflorescences and leaves of industrial crops and medicinal plants by root washing.

A device for threshing crops on the vine (US 1165278, A01D 41/08, publ. 07/07/1985, bull. No. 25) containing a housing, two stripping drums, a screw and a conveyor. To exit the air stream formed by the drums, a mesh is provided in the housing.

A device for threshing plants on the vine is known (US 1479019, A01D 41/08, publ. 05/15/1989, bull. No. 18). The device comprises a stripping drum, a stripping chamber, a casing with a trellised window for air outlet, grain conveyors.

In known devices, tow heap obtained by towing under the action of the working elements of the stripping drum and air flow is transported to the rear of the housing, the air flow, reaching the mesh or grating window, comes out, grains and impurities larger than the mesh or grating openings remain inside the device and are taken away by the screw and conveyor.

The disadvantages of the known devices are the following:

the mesh or the lattice window is clogged by particles whose size is the same or smaller than the size of the holes of the mesh or lattice, as a result of which the pressure of the air flow generated by the stripping drum inside the housing increases and, consequently, the vacuum at the inlet to the threshing device decreases, grain losses in the tow area increase ;

due to the reduction of the possibility of exit when clogging the mesh or grill, the air circulates in the opposite direction, entraining the grains and spikelets, is captured and thrown out by the combing drum, grain loss occurs by ejection from the device;

the presence of a grid or lattice does not allow to remove aerodynamically light particles from the heaped pile by the air flow and thereby reduce the volume of the heaped pile;

high labor costs for cleaning nets or grids when driving and for replacing them when switching to harvesting other crops;

high cost of manufacturing nets and gratings.

Known stripping device (EA 012689, A01D 41/08, publ. 30.12.2009). The cleaning device comprises a housing, a roof, a cleaning and collecting and transporting chamber, a cleaning rotor, a screw and a conveyor. At least one slit is made for the exit of the air flow created by the stripping rotor in the rear upper part of the collecting and transporting chamber. In the known stripping device, the air flow generated by the rotating stripping rotor, due to the complex configuration of the inner side of the roof, is directed from the stripping chamber to the collecting and transporting chamber between the bottom wall of the housing and the screw pipe, passing through the heap layer under the screw, moving around the screw pipe, moves upwards enters the upper rear of the housing and exits through the slot.

The disadvantages of the known stripping device are as follows:

the air flow created by the rotating stripping rotor passes a difficult path with high hydraulic resistance (narrowing of the flow between the bottom wall of the casing and the auger pipe, passage through the rotating auger blades, rotation of the flow at an angle of the auger blades, passage through a heap layer, rounding the auger pipe, rotation exit through the slot, exit through the slot) as a result of which a high overpressure is created in the stripping chamber, which reduces the suction air flow at the inlet to the stripping chamber, which worsens yōkan process and leads to losses of grain in the stripping zone;

high hydraulic resistance in the air flow path leads to the reverse circulation of part of the air to the stripping drum, its capture and ejection outward by the working elements of the drum along with grain and spike, which leads to an increase in grain loss by ejection from the stripping chamber;

there is a high probability of grain removal by the air flow from the collecting and transporting chamber, since the amount of heap between the turns of the screw is uneven and air breaks out where resistance is less, grain and spikelets are being removed, grain losses at the air outlet from the collecting and transporting chamber increase;

the slot made in the rear wall of the housing for the air to pass out is located in close proximity to the heap transported by the screw, as a result of which the grain is ejected outward, grain losses at the air outlet from the collecting and transporting chamber increase;

due to the high hydraulic resistance along the path, the air velocity generally decreases and the kinetic energy of the air flow created by the rotating stripping rotor is not used to extract light impurities from the combed heap, which results in a high content of aerodynamically light impurities in the combed heap, which negatively affects the performance of the transporting mechanisms of the stripping device and subsequent threshing and separation mechanisms;

due to the complex configuration of the inner surface of the roof and the need to install additional shields, the cost of manufacturing a stripping device increases.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed utility model is a device for towing plants on the vine (US 898989, A01D 41/08, publ. 23.01.1982, bull. No. 3). The known device includes a combing drum with working elements, a receiving chamber having an adjustable front wall and a lattice window for air exit, made on the rear wall, an unloading mechanism. In this device for combing plants on the vine, combed heap is transported under the action of the working elements of the stripping drum and the air flow generated by the drum to the back of the receiving chamber to the unloading mechanism. Air flow, reaching the rear wall, exits through the lattice window. The transfer of grain through the window does not allow the lattice, the size of the holes which is smaller than the grain size. Grain and those impurities larger than the holes of the grate are discharged by an unloading mechanism.

The disadvantages of the known device for towing plants on the vine (prototype) are as follows:

Increased grain loss in the tow zone. This is due to the fact that the lattice window is quickly picked up by small particles, since the combed heap contains a large number of particles of various sizes and aerodynamic properties. Particles the size of which practically coincides with the size of the holes of the lattice get stuck in them, in addition, light large particles (floor, crease, leaves, pubescent weed seeds, etc.) cover the lattice and are held on it from the inside by air pressure. When the window grating is clogged, its hydraulic resistance increases and an increased air pressure is created in the receiving chamber, as a result of which the suction air flow between the front wall of the receiving chamber and the drum is weakened. With a decrease in the suction air flow, the vacuum at the inlet to the intake chamber decreases, the capture of stripped grains and spikelets by air deteriorates, and grain losses in the tow zone increase.

Increased grain loss by ejection from the receiving chamber by a stripping drum. This is due to the fact that when the grill is clogged, part of the air pumped by the stripping drum into the receiving chamber, unable to exit through the grill, circulates in the opposite direction, entraining grains and spikelets, is captured by the working elements of the stripping drum and is thrown out under the drum.

The presence of a lattice in the air flow path does not allow the full use of the kinetic energy of the air flow created by the stripping drum to remove aerodynamically light impurities from the stripped pile (floor, crease, leaves, weed seeds, threshed spikelets). Only those impurities that are smaller than the holes of the grate (dust, small weed seeds) are discharged through the grate, and when the grating is clogged, many of these impurities are not removed and remain in a heap. Light impurities, having a sufficiently large volume, load the transporting mechanisms of the device for towing plants and the subsequent transporting, threshing and separating mechanisms, as a result of which it becomes necessary to have these mechanisms of sufficiently high productivity, and, consequently, of size, which increases the metal consumption and cost, as the device for towing plants, and subsequent threshing and separating mechanisms.

When switching to harvesting other crops with significantly different seed sizes (for example, alfalfa and peas), it is necessary to replace the installed grid with a grid with other hole sizes, which increases the cost of the device and increases operating costs.

Clogging the grate leads to frequent stops of the cleaning unit for cleaning, which increases the cost of maintenance.

The design of the device does not provide for adjusting the air flow rate depending on the properties and condition of the harvested crop, which leads to an increase in grain losses.

The manufacture of sets of grids for various crops leads to a rise in the cost of the device.

The objective of the claimed utility model is to reduce grain losses, reduce the content of aerodynamically light impurities in the combed heap, reduce the manufacturing cost of the combing device, reduce operating costs, that is, eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype.

The problem is solved as follows.

The stripping device, like its prototype, includes a stripping drum with working elements, a receiving chamber having an adjustable front wall and at least one window for air outlet, an unloading mechanism. Unlike the prototype, the claimed device additionally has at least one pneumatic separating channel in communication with the receiving chamber. The implementation of the pneumatic separation channel communicated with the receiving chamber allows you to abandon the lattice used in the prototype to separate the air flow from the grain. In the claimed device, the separation of grain from the air flow occurs in an additional air-separating channel. The grain carried by the air flow from the receiving chamber to the pneumatic separating channel, overcoming the resistance of the air under the influence of gravity, returns down to the receiving chamber, air under the pressure created by the stripping drum, moving up the channel, comes out.

Due to the absence of a grating, clogging of the exit window of the receiving chamber by particles of combed heap is eliminated. Due to the lack of clogging, the hydraulic resistance of the air separation channel does not change during the process and the air pressure in the receiving chamber does not increase. The vacuum in the tow zone and the velocity of the suction flow at the inlet to the receiving chamber remain constant and thereby the grain loss in the tow zone is reduced.

Due to the free stable air outlet through the pneumatic separating channel, the reverse air circulation in the receiving chamber to the combing drum is eliminated, the causes of grain re-capture by the working elements of the combing drum are eliminated, and the loss of combed grain by ejection from the receiving chamber by the combing drum is reduced.

The implementation of the pneumatic separation channel communicated with the receiving chamber allows a more complete use of the kinetic energy of the air flow generated by the stripping drum, i.e. to isolate from the heaped pile not only those small aerodynamically light components that passed through the grate as in the prototype (dust, small weed seeds), but also to select larger aerodynamically light components (floor, crease, leaves, threshed spikelets, weed seeds). The air flow created by the stripping drum leaves the receiving chamber through the air separation channel, capturing aerodynamic light particles and some part of grains and spikelets. When moving along a pneumatic separating channel, a heap, grains and unfrozen spikelets are separated by air, overcoming the air resistance by gravity, are deposited downward, and light components of the heap, whose gravity is less than the force of the air flow, are carried out by the stream. The content of light impurities in the combed heap is reduced, the mass and volume of the heap are reduced, it becomes possible to reduce the dimensions of the transporting mechanisms (auger, conveyor) and subsequent transporting, threshing and separating devices. The metal consumption and the cost of the stripping device as a whole are reduced.

With the elimination of clogging of the window for air outlet, there is no need for frequent stops and cleaning of the stripping device, and the cost of maintenance is reduced.

The implementation of the separation channel communicated with the receiving chamber in conjunction with the known features of the utility model, in all cases of its implementation, provides a reduction in grain loss, a decrease in the content of aerodynamically light impurities in the heap, a reduction in the cost of manufacturing a stripping device, and a reduction in operating costs. In other words, the aforementioned new set of common essential features provides the technical result indicated in the utility model problem.

In addition, in specific versions of this stripping device, the air separation channel has height-adjustable walls. Depending on the properties and condition of the crops being harvested, the aerodynamic properties of both the grain and the non-grain part of the combed heap change and, accordingly, different time is required for their separation. Adjusting the height of the pneumatic separating channel allows you to adjust the separation time and thereby reduce grain loss and increase the removal of the non-cereal part of the heaped heap by the air flow, depending on the properties and condition of the crops being harvested.

In addition, in specific versions of this stripping device, the air separation channel has at least one wall that controls the depth of the channel. With a decrease or increase in the number of revolutions of the stripping drum, the speed of the air flow in the receiving chamber and, consequently, in the pneumo-separating channel decreases or increases, which affects the grain loss and the removal of the non-grain part of the stripped heap by the air stream. In addition, depending on the properties and condition of the harvested crops, there is a need to increase or decrease the speed of the air flow in the channel. Changing the depth of the channel allows you to change the speed of the air flow. With increasing channel depth, the cross-sectional area of the channel increases, respectively, the speed of the air flow in the channel decreases and, conversely, with decreasing channel depth, the air flow increases. Adjusting the depth of the channel allows you to reduce grain loss and increase the removal of the non-cereal part of the combed heap, depending on the properties and condition of harvested crops.

In addition, in specific versions of this stripping device, the air separation channel is configured to change the angle of inclination. Grains not only captured by the air flow, but also reflected from the screw and the back wall, get into the pneumatic separating channel, especially when harvesting crops with such elastic properties as peas. The implementation of the pneumatic separation channel with the ability to change the angle of inclination allows you to dampen the speed of these grains due to impact on the walls of the inclined channel, which then under the influence of gravity return back down to the receiving chamber. Changing the angle of inclination of the air separation channel allows to reduce grain loss and increase the removal of the non-grain part of the combed heap, depending on the properties and condition of the crops being harvested.

In addition, in specific versions of this stripping device, the pneumoseparating channel is made in a zigzag shape. Intensive deposition of heavy particles occurs in a zigzag channel during sharp turns of the air flow. This embodiment of the channel is predominantly when harvesting crops with a slight difference in the aerodynamic properties of the grain and non-grain parts of the combed heap and, in addition, crops with high elastic properties of seeds. The implementation of the channel in a zigzag shape can reduce grain loss and increase the removal of the non-cereal part of the heaped heap, depending on the properties and condition of the harvested crops.

In addition, in specific versions of this stripping device, the air separation channel is made tapering in height. When the canal is narrowed in height, the air flow rate increases from bottom to top. At the same time, favorable conditions are created in the lower part of the channel for the precipitation of grains into the receiving chamber since in this zone, the flow rate is low. In the upper part of the channel, favorable conditions are created for the removal of the light components of the heap since the air speed in this part is high. The implementation of the channel tapering in height can reduce grain loss and increase the removal of the non-cereal part of the heaped heap, depending on the properties and condition of harvested crops.

In addition, in specific versions of this stripping device, the air separation channel is made expanding in height. When the channel runs expanding in height, the air flow rate decreases from bottom to top. The effect of the air flow on the particles of the combed heap also weakens from the bottom up. Favorable conditions are created for the heap brought to the upper zone of grain particles to deposit down into the receiving chamber under the influence of gravity. The execution of the channel expanding in height allows to reduce grain loss and increase the removal of the non-cereal part of the heaped heap, depending on the properties and condition of harvested crops.

In addition, in specific versions of this stripping device, the air separation channel is provided with an adjustable damper. The presence of an adjustable damper allows you to adjust the speed of the air flow in the air separation channel, thereby reducing grain loss and increasing the removal of the non-grain part of the heaped heap, depending on the properties and condition of the crops being harvested.

The technical solution is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a stripping device with a vertical pneumatic separating channel;

figure 2 shows the pneumatic separating channel of the stripping device adjustable in height and depth;

figure 3 shows a stripping device with a pneumatic separating channel mounted obliquely;

figure 4 shows a stripping device with a pneumatic separating channel in a zigzag shape;

figure 5 shows a stripping device with pneumatic separation channel tapering in height;

in FIG. 6 shows a stripping device with a pneumatic separating channel expanding in height.

In the drawings, the following position designations are adopted:

1 - case; 2 - combing drum; 3 - working elements stripping drum; 4 - receiving chamber; 5 - pneumatic separation channel; 6 - unloading auger; 7 - inclined conveyor; 8 - front wall of the receiving chamber; 9 - visor of the front wall of the receiving chamber; 10 - window receiving chamber; 11 - front wall of the air separation channel; 12 - the rear wall of the air separation channel; 13 - branch pipe; 14 - shutter; 15 - adjusting mechanism of the shutter; 16 - cutter; 17 - the lower part of the front wall of the air separation channel; 18 - the lower part of the rear wall of the air separation channel; 19 - the upper part of the front wall of the air separation channel; 20 - the upper part of the rear wall of the air separation channel; 21 is an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the depth of the air separation channel; 22 - adjustment mechanism for adjusting the height of the channel.

The cleaning device (Figs. 1-6) comprises a housing 1, a cleaning drum 2 with working elements 3, a receiving chamber 4, an air separating channel 5, an unloading screw 6, an inclined conveyor 7. The receiving chamber 4 has an adjustable front wall 8 with a visor 9. A pneumatic separating Channel 5 in communication with the receiving chamber 4 through the window 10 contains a front 11 and a rear 12 wall, a branch pipe 13. At the outlet of the pipe 13, a shutter 14 with an adjustment mechanism 15 is installed. A shutter 16 is installed on the trough of the screw 6 between the combing drum 2 and the screw 6.

Figure 2 shows the pneumatic separating channel of the stripping device adjustable in height and depth. In this case, the front and rear walls of the channel 5 consist of the lower 17, 18 and upper 19, 20 parts. The lower part 17 of the front wall of the channel 5 has a movable connection with the housing 1 and can be moved relative to it using the adjusting mechanism 21. The upper part 19 of the front wall of the channel 5 has a movable connection with the branch pipe 13. Between themselves, the lower 17 and the upper 19 of the front wall of the channel 5 are also connected movably. The lower part 18 of the rear wall of the channel 5 is fixedly connected to the rear wall of the housing 1. The upper part 20 of the rear wall of the channel 5 is fixedly connected to the branch pipe 13. The lower 18 and upper 20 parts of the rear wall of the channel 5 are connected movably. The outlet pipe 13 has an adjustment mechanism 22. When the height of the channel 5 is changed by the adjustment mechanism 22, the outlet pipe 13 is lowered or raised. At the same time, the upper parts 19 and 20 of the front and rear walls of the channel 5 connected to the outlet pipe move in height relative to the lower 17 and 18 walls of the channel 5 and, accordingly, the height of the air separation channel 5 decreases or increases. The depth of the air separation channel 5 is changed using the adjustment mechanism 21 by moving the lower part 17 of the front walls relative to the housing 1 and the upper wall 19 movably connected to it relative to the branch pipe 13 towards the lower 18 and upper 20 parts of the rear wall of the channel 5.

The stripping device operates as follows.

During operation of the stripping device, the rotating stripper-drum 2 creates between the front wall 8 of the receiving chamber 4 and the drum 2 a suction air stream, which in the receiving chamber 4 passes into the discharge stream, and, accordingly, forms a vacuum at the entrance to the receiving chamber under the peak 9. When the stripping device moves along the field, the visor 9, set to a certain height, deflects the stems of the plants along the way. The working elements 3 of the combing drum 2 are introduced into the bread stand and comb the stems of the plants, tearing the spikelets and partially grinding the grain. The torn spikelets and threshed grains are thrown by the working elements 3 and the suction air flow into the receiving chamber 4. The vacuum created by the suction air flow under the visor 9 at the entrance to the receiving chamber 4, helps capture trailed spikelets and grains and the larger the vacuum, the less the loss of grain parts in the tow zone. The air flow, moving in the receiving chamber 4, enters the pneumatic separating channel 5 communicated with it through the window 10. Impurities trapped in the air stream (floor, crevice, straw, weed seeds, threshed spikelets), part of the grain and spikelets enter the pneumatic separating channel 5. When moving along the pneumatic separating channel 5, particles are separated by aerodynamic properties. Aerodynamically light components are carried out by the air flow, and heavy ones - grain, spikelets, straw under the influence of gravity, overcoming the resistance of the air flow, are lowered down into the receiving chamber 4 and are discharged by the screw 6 into the inclined conveyor 7. Regulation of the height and depth of the air separation channel 5 (Fig. .2), a change in its angle of inclination (Fig. 3) makes it possible to achieve minimal grain losses with maximum removal of non-cereal impurities in case of changes in the properties and condition of harvested crops. The adjusting flap 14 allows you to set the required air flow rate in the pneumatic separating channel 5 when changing the rotation frequency of the stripping drum 2. With significant changes in the properties of the harvested crops (for example, harvesting inflorescences and leaves of industrial crops, medicinal plants), maximum removal of unnecessary components with minimal loss of business part is achieved additionally by selecting the number of channels, as well as the shape of the air separation channel: zigzag, tapering in height, expanding height (4-6).

Using the inventive utility model will reduce grain loss, reduce the content of aerodynamically light impurities in the combed heap, reduce the cost of manufacturing stripping devices, reduce operating costs during harvesting.

Claims (8)

1. A cleaning device, including a cleaning drum with working elements, a receiving chamber having an adjustable front wall and an air outlet window, an unloading mechanism, characterized in that an air separation channel in communication with the receiving chamber is additionally made. 2. The cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air separation channel has height-adjustable walls. 3. The stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic separating channel has at least one wall regulating the depth of the channel. 4. The cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic separating channel is configured to change the angle of inclination. 5. The stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air separation channel is made in a zigzag shape. 6. The stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic separating channel is made tapering in height. 7. The stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic separating channel is made expanding in height. 8. The stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air separation channel is provided with an adjustable damper.