RU2471579C1 - Reclamation of soil damaged in coal production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to reclamation of soils. Proposed method comprises reclamation leveling and introducing nitrogen, phosphoric and potassium mineral salts. To process seeds and vegetating plants before sowing, biologically active product of peat peroxidate-ammoniac hydrolysis containing humic acids in concentration of 0.0025-0.005% is used. Note here that plowing and seeds sowing are performed. Is necessary, additionally sown are seeds and introduced are nitrogen, phosphoric and potassium mineral salts.

EFFECT: stimulated seeds germination, intensified photosynthesis, activation of native microflora.

2 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to methods for remediation disturbed by coal mining of land.

A known method of reclamation of land disturbed during coal mining, including surface planning, introduction of coal waste before plowing, sowing plant seeds and inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum Mut-1 N strain VNIISKHM V-35 D with planting seeds, the culture is taken in an amount of 100-200 g / ha / 1 /.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to order strains of microorganisms in a specialized institution, which in adverse conditions of post-technogenic soils will not work without irrigation, which is often impossible. In addition, due to the difficulty of adapting microorganisms to the soil, their effectiveness will be small.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed invention is a method of reclamation of land disturbed during coal mining / 2 /. The method of reclamation of land disturbed during coal mining includes planning its surface, applying a chemical preparation including humic acids and microorganisms, plowing and sowing seeds, and an organic mineral fertilizer containing peat with microorganisms adapted to disturbed lands, nitrogen, phosphoric, potassium, is used as a chemical preparation. mineral salts and the residue from the peroxide-ammonia hydrolysis of peat, which is a production waste upon receipt of a plant growth stimulator and containing humic ki items, wherein the organomineral fertilizer before plowing introduced in an amount of 10-50 t / ha.

The disadvantages of the prototype method include its complexity and high economic cost associated with the need to prepare large quantities of organic fertilizer for the restoration of disturbed lands.

The technical result of the invention consists in creating a method for reclamation of lands disturbed by coal mining, providing for the planning of their surface, the introduction of nitrogen, phosphoric, potassium mineral salts and the use of a biologically active product of peroxide-ammonia hydrolysis of peat containing humic acids, plowing and sowing seeds, and biologically the active product of peroxide-ammonia hydrolysis of peat at a concentration of 0.003-0.005% based on the content of humic acids is used for seed treatment ed sowing and vegetative plants with annual processing of vegetative plants and, as necessary, additional sowing of seeds and the introduction of nitrogen, phosphoric, potassium mineral salts.

New in the claimed method is the use of the biologically active product of ammonia peroxide hydrolysis of peat for the treatment of plant seeds before sowing and vegetative plants, which creates conditions for plant life, stimulates seed germination, intensifies photosynthesis in plants, adapts them to adverse conditions (rocky soil overheating in sunny weather, lack of moisture), and also contributes to the activation of indigenous microflora. In the prototype method, the remainder from the hydrolysis of peat is used with hydrogen peroxide and ammonia, which is a production waste upon receipt of a plant growth stimulator, which is introduced into the disturbed soil as part of an organic mineral fertilizer, and the proposed method uses the peat hydrolysis product / 3 /, which is a plant growth stimulator at a concentration of 0.025-0.005% for humic acids, which process seeds and vegetative plants.

Another difference of the proposed method is the ability to adjust the grass by additional sowing of seeds, which provides an additional effect.

The proposed method compares favorably with the prototype in that, with comparable results in the content of labile organic matter, microbiological and enzymatic activity, as well as the yield of grass crops, it is less labor-intensive and economically expensive, since it does not require preparation in large volumes, as in the prototype method necessary for the reclamation of organomineral fertilizer lands disturbed during coal mining. For remediation by the proposed method, a product highly concentrated in humic acids is brought to the site of technogenic pollution, which is diluted with water to the required concentration in situ.

The concentration range of the biologically active product of ammonia peroxide hydrolysis of peat used to treat seeds and vegetative plants was established in a laboratory experiment. The indicators of biological activity are taken as the number of seeds sprouted and the height of 14-day clover shoots. The lower limit of the concentration of biologically active product (0.0025% by HA) is due to the fact that with a further decrease in the concentration of the product, the number of sprouted seeds and the height of the shoots are reduced. The increase in the upper limit of concentrations (above 0.005% for HA) also leads to a deterioration of the considered indicators (table 1)

Table 1 Indicators Experience option Control H ₂ O The concentration of biologically active product in humic acids,% 0.001 0.0025 0.005 0.0075 The number of seeds sprouted,% 90 93 95 96 92 Shoot height, cm 9 eleven fourteen fifteen 13

Landing experiments were carried out in the conditions of the rock dump of the Krasnobrodsky deposit of the Prokopyevsky district of the Kemerovo region. The soil consists of mudstones, siltstones, quartz, mica, kaolinite and, to a small extent, non-industrial interlayers of coal. The dump is characterized by a slightly alkaline reaction of the medium (pH aq. = 7.9-8.0), high ash content (A = 79.2-82.4%), low content of mobile forms of nutrients and the absence of labile organic matter.

Example 1 describes the preparation of a biologically active product of peroxide-ammonia hydrolysis of peat / 3 / used in the present method.

Example 1. Low peat is mixed with a 1.0% solution of aqueous ammonia and a 1.2% aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide in a ratio of 1: 5: 5, heated to 140 ° C with constant stirring and the liquid phase is separated. The liquid phase, which is a concentrated mother liquor, contains 4.5% humic acids.

In examples 2 and 3, a method of land reclamation of land disturbed during coal mining is presented.

Example 2. In the first year of reclamation, the surface of the land disturbed by coal mining was planned, leveled, and nitric, phosphoric, potassium mineral salts were added in the amount of 60 kg / ha of ammonium nitrate, 105 kg / ha of double superphosphate and 100 kg / ha of sulfate potassium. Then, plowing to a depth of 10-15 cm and sowing of clover seeds were carried out.

The choice of clover is due to its ability to enrich the soil with nitrogen due to nitrogen fixation and assimilate nutrients from sparingly soluble rock compounds, to give a high yield of green mass. Before sowing, clover seeds were treated, according to the proposed method, with a biologically active product of ammonium peroxide hydrolysis of peat / 3 / at a concentration of 0.005% based on the content of humic acids. Melilot seeds were sown in a 3-fold rate. During tillering, the plants were treated by spraying with a biologically active product at a concentration of 0.005% for humic acids.

In the 2nd vegetation period, additional sowing of clover seeds was carried out in the cultivated areas.

The introduction of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium mineral salts was not carried out.

In the 3rd growing season, simultaneous sowing of seeds of perennial legumes and cereal grasses (esperacet, melilot, alfalfa, hedgehog harvest, campfire fire) was carried out and half of the optimal dose of nitrogen, phosphoric, and potassium mineral salts was applied.

In the 4th growing season, additional sowing of seeds was carried out. The introduction of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium mineral salts was not carried out.

In the 2nd, 3rd and 4th vegetation periods, as well as in the 1st, the seeds before sowing and sowing, as well as vegetative plants during tillering, were treated with a biologically active product at a 0.005% concentration of humic acids.

The experimental results are presented in table 2.

Example 3. According to example 2, the surface of the disturbed earth was prepared, nitric, phosphoric, and potassium mineral salts were added, plowing and sowing of clover seeds was carried out. For the treatment of seeds and vegetative plants, a biologically active product was used, the concentration of which for humic acids was 0.0025%.

Throughout the growing season, the reclamation of the surface of the land disturbed by coal mining was carried out according to example 2.

Table 2 presents comparative data on the content of labile organic matter (VOC), which is a source of nutrition for plants and microorganisms, microbiological, enzymatic activity and yield of green mass of sweet clover at the end of the 4th growing season of the proposed method with a known method (prototype).

As experience has shown, the use of a biologically active product for treating seeds and vegetative plants ensured the growth and development of plants, which led to an increase in the content of labile organic matter (BWL) in the biologically inert soil, as well as to an increase in the microbiological and enzymatic activity of the earth disturbed by coal mining. The yield of grass crops in the variant with the use of a biologically active product was slightly higher than in the variants of the prototype; in the control variant, grass crops sown annually emerge and die. By the end of the 4th growing season in the version with the use of a biologically active product, the content of BWC (controlled by the carbon content in BWB extracted with 0.1 N NaOH - C _NaOH ) increased compared to the control and turned out to be comparable with that in the prototype variants. Compared with the control option in the proposed method, the number of microorganisms consuming both organic and mineral forms of nitrogen, saccharolytic fungi, cellulose breakers was higher and comparable with the number of these microorganisms in the prototype variant. The use of a biologically active product provided, in comparison with the control version, a higher dehydrogenase and polyphenol oxidase activity, which is comparable in magnitude with the activity in the prototype variant.

table 2 Defined Parameters Reclamation Method Known (Prototype Method) The control option - soil dump waste without reclamation The proposed method Organomineral fertilizer, t / ha The concentration of biologically active product for HA,% 10 25 fifty 0.005 0.0025 With total.% 4.80 5.45 5.80 4.66 4.93 4.85 With s / p,% 0.27 0.60 0.73 0.08 0.51 0.48 With s / p from Total,% 5,6 10.9 12.6 1.7 10.3 9.9 Ammonifiers, N × 10 ⁶ 5,6 18.3 14.9 9.5 15.3 14.9 Microorganisms on KAA, N × 10 ⁶ 9.5 23,4 13.9 5.7 16.3 15.8 Saccharolytic mushrooms, N × 10 ⁴ 5.9 7.2 9.3 8.0 6.9 7.1 Cellulose breakers, N × 10 ⁴ 17.6 27.4 27.8 15.0 55.5 50.1 Dehydrogenase, mg TTF / 10 g per day 1.13 37,4 39.7 1.65 38.1 37.5 Polyphenol oxidase, mg n-quinone / 10 g in 30 min 0.4 13.6 7.5 0.5 7.7 7.3 Plant height, cm 57.5 60.5 66.8 2,5 61.7 59.3 Productivity of grass crops, t / ha 20.8 21.5 23.0 0 22.4 22.6

Thus, the claimed method, being less time-consuming and economically expensive, allows, as in the prototype method, to create a stable grass stand on the surface of the disturbed soil for 2-4 years of restoration, which ensures the accumulation of VOCs necessary for the life of plants and microorganisms, and leads to increase microbiological and enzymatic activity, i.e. disturbed land seeks self-healing.

The industrial applicability of the proposed method does not cause any difficulties, since this does not require special devices, additional capital costs.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2072756, cl. АВВ 79/02, “Method for the remediation of land disturbed by coal mining”, published: 1997.10.02.

2. RF patent No. 2365077, cl. АВВ 79/02, “Method for the remediation of land disturbed by coal mining, published: 2009.27.08.29.

3. RF patent No. 2213452, cl. A01N 65/00, C05F 11/02, “Method for the production of a plant growth stimulator”, published: 2003.10.10.

Claims (1)

A method of reclamation of lands disturbed by coal mining, which involves planning their surface, introducing nitrogen, phosphoric, potassium mineral salts and using a biologically active product of ammonium peroxide hydrolysis of peat containing humic acids, plowing and sowing seeds, characterized in that the biologically active product is peroxide ammonia hydrolysis of peat at a concentration of 0.0025-0.005% based on the content of humic acids is used to treat seeds before sowing and vegetative plants with annual brabotki growing plants and, as necessary, additional sowing seeds and introduction of nitrogen, phosphate, potash salts.