RU2494592C1 - Method of ameliorative tillage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular, to amelioration of hardscrabble low-water-permeable soils. The method includes loosening the soil to a depth of 0.3-0.4 m without soil overturning with simultaneous application of up to 40% of organic fertilisers in subsurface layer to a depth 0.18-0.28 m in slits formed during loosening. The remaining organic mass is applied in the layer of 0-10 cm, followed by leveling and compacting of the surface of the field. The ground post-harvest residues are used as organic fertilisers. The granular dispersed black carbon is additionally applied in the slits.

EFFECT: method provides increased microbial activity in the subsurface layer by 30% and increase in the content of main plant food elements.

1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of land reclamation of infertile low-permeable soils.

A known method of phytomelioration of the subsurface horizon of soils, including loosening the arable layer with the simultaneous formation of cracks in the subsurface layer and filling them with loose concentrated organic fertilizer. The inter-slit space of the arable layer is inoculated with annual or perennial crops with a well-developed root system [RF Patent No. 2152146, АВВ 79/00].

The disadvantages of this method is the low content of plant nutrients, the cut gaps do not cover the entire field, so only plants whose roots are directly in the gap can use fertilizers. This process is lengthy and ineffective.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a method of ameliorative tillage, including loosening the soil without turning the bed with a PH-4 plow-ripper to a depth of 0.3-0.4 m with the simultaneous introduction of organic fertilizers — shredded specially grown green manure crops — into the subsurface layer. up to 40% of the organic mass to a depth of 0.18-0.28 m in the cracks formed at the time of loosening, and the remaining organic mass is introduced into the 0-10 cm layer, followed by leveling and rolling of the field surface, sowing the culture [RF patent No. 2407262 IPC АВВ 79/02)].

The disadvantages of this method is the low microbiological activity of the subsurface layer, the low content of plant nutrients.

The technical result of the proposed method of land reclamation is to increase the microbiological activity of the subsoil layer, to increase the content of plant nutrients.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of land reclamation treatment, including loosening the soil to a depth of 0.3-0.4 m without turning the formation, while at the same time adding up to 40% of organic fertilizers in the subsurface layer to a depth of 0.18-0.28 m gaps formed at the time of loosening, the remaining organic matter is introduced into a layer of 0-10 cm, followed by leveling and rolling of the field surface, crushed post-harvest residues are used as organic fertilizers, granular dispersed technical is added to the gaps glerod.

The method of land reclamation is as follows. After harvesting field crops, the field is treated with a combined tool for deep tillage with a fertilizer hopper. The rate of introduction of granular dispersed carbon black is calculated by the number of post-harvest residues corresponding to the obtained crop of aboveground mass. A granular dispersed carbon black is loaded into the fertilizer hopper and the calculated rate of its application is established. The soil tillage depth regulator is set to a predetermined depth of 0.3-0.4 m. When moving along the field, the cultivators form gaps where granular dispersed carbon black enters the pipelines of the fertilizer hopper. After harvesting residues, crushed by a combined tool, up to 40% fall into cracks formed at the moment of loosening, simultaneously with carbon black, into the subsurface layer to a depth of 0.18-0.28 m. The remaining harvesting residues on the field are crushed by the gun’s disc batteries and introduced into the layer to a depth 0-10 cm. Next, the surface of the field is leveled and rolled.

Table 1 shows the indicators of soil microflora and plant nutrients before and after reclamation tillage according to the proposed method.

Table 1. The number of soil microorganisms and plant nutrients Option Indicators Oligonitrophils, mln CFU / g Nitrification, thousand CFU / g Organic matter mineralization coefficient Nitrate N-NO ₃ , mg / kg Source soil - agrosolonets (control) 57.6 2,55 1.32 7.9 Soil - agrosolonets after processing 81.7 3.42 1,69 52,5 Note: ^∗ The ratio of the number of microorganisms in the CAA medium to the number of saprophytes in the MPA medium.

Analysis of indicators of soil microflora and plant nutrients shows that the introduction of granular dispersed carbon black into the subsurface layer along with crushed post-harvest residues provides activation of microflora, accelerates the transformation of organic substances and ensures the accumulation of nitrates in the soil, which are the main element of plant nutrition. The number in the soil of microflora increases by 1.3 times, the content in the soil of the main nutrients - nitrates increases by 6 times.

An increase in the basic nutrients, soil microflora in the subsoil layer, manifests itself in the entire mass of the soil between the crevices.

The proposed method of land reclamation with the introduction of granular dispersed carbon black simultaneously with crushed postharvest residues in the cracks formed at the time of loosening, provides an increase in the microbiological activity of the subsoil layer by 30% and an increase in the content of plant nutrients by 6 times.

As a result of reclamation cultivation of the soil according to the proposed method, the content of plant nutrients in solonetzic soils reaches a level that provides an average yield of cultivated crops on chernozem soils.

The achieved technical result of reclamation treatment is maintained for two to three years (depending on the conditions of humidification and heat supply of the growing season), which saves energy costs.

The inventive method of land reclamation is environmentally friendly, as it allows you to prepare the soil for sowing without the use of chemical reclamation.

The proposed method of ameliorative tillage has been tested on the experimental field of FSBEI HPE OmGAU im. P.A. Stolypin.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2152146, АВВ 79/00.

2. RF patent No. 2407262, IPC AB 79/02 (prototype).

Claims (1)

A method of land reclamation treatment, including loosening the soil to a depth of 0.3-0.4 m without turning the formation, while at the same time adding up to 40% of organic fertilizers into the subsurface layer to a depth of 0.18-0.28 m into the cracks formed at the time of loosening, the remaining organic matter is introduced into a layer of 0-10 cm, followed by leveling and rolling of the field surface, characterized in that crushed post-harvest residues are used as organic fertilizers, and granular dispersed carbon black is additionally added to the cracks.