RU2365077C1 - Recultivation method of soils disrupted during coal mining - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method presupposes reclamation leveling, introduction of chemical substance including humic acids and microorganisms, tillage and seeding. Organic -mineral fertiliser is used as a chemical substance. It contains peat with adjusted to the disrupted soils microorganisms, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and nitrogenous, mineral salts, and balance of peat hydraulitic decomposition with hydric dioxide and ammonia containing humic acids. Organic-mineral fertiliser is introduced before tillage in the amount of 10-50 t/ha.

EFFECT: increased amount of accumulated plant - available organic matter, moving forms of fertiliser elements, increased microbiological and ferment activity, growth and development of plants, enriching disrupted during coal mining soils with organic matter.

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Description

The invention relates to methods of tillage, in particular to methods of land reclamation disturbed by coal mining.

There is a method of reclamation of post-technogenic lands, including the introduction of organic fertilizers into the soil and sowing of perennial grasses in one step by applying fertilizer-sowing material obtained by microbiological transformation of a lignin-sawdust-bird droppings mixture enriched with mineral fertilizers, to which perennial grass seeds are added before granulation / one/.

The disadvantage of this method is its complexity associated with the process of composting a mixture of lignin with sawdust and bird droppings in the presence of mycobiont Paecillomices variottii, as well as granulating the resulting compost with mineral fertilizers and grass seeds intended for biological reclamation.

The closest to the proposed invention in terms of technical nature and the achieved result is a method of reclamation of lands disturbed by coal mining, namely, that the disturbed lands are planned, applied with chemicals, plowed, sowed seeds and inoculated with microorganisms Azotobacter chroococum and Bacillus megaterium. As chemical preparations, coal waste in the form of oxidized coal in the amount of 8-24 t / ha and a humic acid preparation in dilution with water of 1-2: 100 are used, with coal waste added before plowing, and the humic acid preparation after sowing seeds with watering, as well as in the phase of tillering of plants. Inoculation with microorganisms is carried out in an amount of 80-100 g / ha with irrigation / 2 /.

The disadvantage of the described method is the high complexity and high cost due to the large number of operations. The most expensive and lengthy operation is the isolation and accumulation of microorganisms (bacterial cultures) of Azotobacter chroococum, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonos aerugenosa, respectively used to increase the saprophytic microflora of the soil, as well as to obtain a humic acid preparation from oxidized coal.

The invention is aimed at eliminating these disadvantages and lies in the fact that the method of reclamation of land disturbed by coal mining involves planning its surface, introducing a chemical preparation containing humic acids and microorganisms, plowing and sowing seeds. Moreover, an organic-mineral fertilizer / 3 / is used as a chemical preparation, containing peat with microorganisms adapted to disturbed lands, nitrogen, phosphoric, potassium mineral salts and the residue from peat hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide and ammonia, which is a waste from the production of a plant growth stimulator / 4 / and containing humic acids. Organomineral fertilizer is applied before plowing in an amount of 10-50 t / ha.

The proposed method for reclamation of lands disturbed by coal mining differs from the prototype in that an organic mineral fertilizer containing peat, nitrogen, phosphoric, potassium mineral salts and the residue from peat hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide and ammonia, which is a waste product of a plant growth stimulator, is used as a chemical preparation. Organomineral fertilizer of the specified composition enriches the disturbed land with organic matter and contains microorganisms adapted to it.

It should be noted that in contrast to the prototype, where microorganisms are used to obtain a humic preparation acting as a plant growth stimulator from coal waste, as well as to increase the number of saprophytic microflora, the isolation and accumulation of which is a long and expensive operation, the organomineral fertilizer used in the present invention at the same time contains an organic substance available for plants, adapted to soil conditions, a consortium of soil microorganisms and humino high plant growth stimulator due to the presence in its composition of the residue from peat hydrolysis, which is a waste product of the plant growth stimulator. The residue from peat hydrolysis contains water-soluble and hydrolyzable compounds with high biological activity. The use of organomineral fertilizers of the specified composition in the method of reclamation of lands disturbed by coal mining provides a reduction in the number of operations and a reduction in labor costs for the implementation of the biological reclamation process.

Boundary amounts of organic fertilizer for the restoration of land disturbed by coal mining are determined by the content of biologically active substances and mineral components in it necessary for the growth and development of grass crops.

Landing experiments were carried out on the territory of the Krasnobrodsky deposit of the Prokopyevsky district of the Kemerovo region, disrupted as a result of mining operations in coal mining. The soil moved during the planning process consists of mudstones, siltstones, quartz, mica, kaolinite and, to a small extent, non-industrial interlayers of coal and is characterized by a slightly alkaline reaction of the medium (pH aq. = 7.9-8.0), high ash content (A ° = 79.2-82.4%). The content of mobile forms of phosphorus is 10.1-12.5 mg / 100 g, potassium 7.2-7.7 mg / 100 g, nitrogen 1.3-2.4 mg / 100 g. The total content of organic nitrogen and carbon, indicating potential soil fertility, ranges from 0.6-0.8% and 4.4-5.5%, respectively. The content of mobile forms of nitrogen and carbon from the gross is 0.2% and 1.1%, respectively. The type of salinization is chloride-carbonate.

Example 1 shows a method for producing organic fertilizer. For the preparation of organic fertilizer, lowland peat was decomposed at 30%, ash content 17%, moisture 65%, and the remainder from the hydrolysis of this peat with a 10% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and 10% aqueous ammonia solution, whose humidity is 84%.

Example 1

For the preparation of organic fertilizer / 3 / lowland peat in an amount of 62.5 wt.% (On ASW) and the remainder from the hydrolysis of peat with hydrogen peroxide and ammonia, containing humic acids and which is a waste product of the plant growth stimulator / 4 /, in the amount of 6.9 wt.% (on a.s.w.) are mixed in a paddle mixer for 8-10 minutes. The resulting homogeneous mixture, which is the basis of organic fertilizer, is immersed in an airtight container and kept until the smell of ammonia disappears. Then, urea, double superphosphate, potassium sulfate in a ratio of 1: 1: 1 for the active ingredient in an amount of 30.6 wt.% Are added to the resulting organic-mineral fertilizer base. The organomineral mixture is mixed in a paddle mixer for 8-10 minutes. The resulting organomineral fertilizer is ready for use as an ameliorant.

Example 2 shows a method for reclamation of lands disturbed by coal mining.

Example 2

The surface of the lands disturbed by coal mining was planned, leveled, organic fertilizer was added containing peat with microorganisms adapted to the disturbed lands, nitrogen, phosphoric, potassium mineral salts and the residue from peat hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide and ammonia containing humic acids in an amount of 10 tons / ha, then plowing and sowing of clover seeds. The choice of clover is due to the fact that this crop is capable of producing the same green mass yield on coal dumps as on chernozems, enriching the soil with nitrogen. Clover seeds were taken in triplicate. The experimental results are presented in tables 1 and 2.

Example 3

In Example 2, the preparation of the surface of the lands disturbed by coal mining was carried out, organic fertilizer was applied, plowing and sowing of clover seeds was carried out. The dose of organic fertilizer was 50 t / ha.

Tables 1 and 2 present comparative data on agrochemical, microbiological properties, enzymatic activity, yield structure and yield of green mass of the sweet clover of the proposed method with a control variant (without introducing organic mineral fertilizer playing the role of ameliorant) and in a known manner (prototype).

As experience has shown, after applying organic-mineral fertilizer to a practically biologically inert soil, disturbed by coal mining, it increases, compared with the control version, the content of organic carbon (Tot.) And mobile organic matter available for plants (Сш / р - carbon, extracted with 0.1 n NaOH), which is a carrier of biological activity. It is not possible to compare these important agrochemical indicators (Totals and Ss / p) with the prototype, since under the parameter “humus” in the prototype, in all probability, the percentage of total carbon (Totals) in the soil, multiplied by a factor of 1, is taken , 72. Compared with the control and prototype, the introduction of organic fertilizer of the specified composition leads to an increase in the soil gross nitrogen content (Nv.) And mobile forms of NPK. The use of organomineral fertilizers of this composition provides an increase in microbiological and enzymatic activity. As a result, the number of microorganisms (consuming organic and mineral forms of nitrogen, cellulose destroyers, phosphate-dissolving, saccharolytic fungi) and the dehydrogenase enzyme increase compared with the control variant. An increase in dehydrogenase activity and a rather high polyphenol oxidase activity of the soil itself, disrupted by coal mining, indicate the creation of favorable conditions for the formation of the initial fragments of humus. The activation of biological processes in the variants using organic mineral fertilizer ensured an increase in the yield of green mass of clover. In the control variant, the sprouted plants died. In connection with the use of various cultivated crops in the claimed invention and in the prototype method, it is impossible to compare the height of plants.

Thus, the claimed method, while reducing the number of operations and reducing labor costs, allows after the first year of reclamation to increase the accumulation of mobile, accessible for plants organic matter, mobile forms of nutrients, to increase microbiological and enzymatic activity, which ensures the growth and development of plants enriching the soil with organic matter.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2093974, cl. АВВ 79/02, publ. 1997.10.27 - “A method for the restoration of post-technological and remote territories in the Far North”.

2. RF patent No. 1243168, cl. АВВ 79/02, publ. 10.27.1995 - “A method of reclamation of land disturbed by coal mining”.

3. RF patent No. 2282607, cl. C05G 1/00, publ. 08.27.2006 - “Organomineral fertilizer”.

4. RF patent No. 2213452, cl. A01N 5/00, publ. 10/10/2003 - “A method of obtaining a growth stimulator”.

Claims (1)

The method of reclamation of lands disturbed by coal mining, including the planning of their surface, application of a chemical preparation, including humic acids and microorganisms, plowing and sowing seeds, characterized in that an organic mineral fertilizer containing peat containing microorganisms adapted to disturbed lands, nitrogen is used as a chemical preparation , phosphoric, potassium mineral salts and the residue from the hydrolysis of peat with hydrogen peroxide and ammonia, which is a waste from the production of a growth promoter eny and containing humic acid, the organomineral fertilizer before plowing introduced in an amount of 10-50 t / ha.