RU2470503C1 - Plough with adjustable parameters of ploughshare-mouldboard surface of working elements - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery industry, in particular to machines for primary tillage. The plough which is made with the ability to adjust the parameters of the ploughshare-mouldboard surface of the working elements comprises a frame consisting of beams, mouldboard working elements with racks, the control system of the parameters of ploughshare-mouldboard surface. The control system of the parameters comprises hydraulic cylinders and interconnected actuating levers, the thrust reciprocating along the grooves and interacting, on one side, via the lever system to ploughshare-mouldboard surface, and on the other - to the rack-and-pinion locking device.

EFFECT: plough design enables to change the parameters of the ploughshare-mouldboard surface.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to tillage machines, and is intended for primary tillage.

Studies of domestic and foreign scientists and existing practice have established that the most high-quality tillage with minimal energy consumption occurs when the plow-blade surface of the working body of the dump plow has certain parameters. These parameters are the angle of setting the ploughshare to the bottom of the furrow (α) and the angle of bend of the blade (Δγ) (angles between the direction of movement of the working body and forming the plow-dump surface).

Today in the world there are more than 70 different types of soils. According to the research of scientists, each type of soil for high-quality cultivation with minimal energy consumption requires a working body of the plow with certain parameters (α, Δγ).

This is very important, because according to research by scientists and existing practice, the yield of grain crops, for example, is 25% dependent on the quality of the soil treatment.

Currently, many attempts are being made to create universal working bodies for the dump plow, on which it would be possible to change the parameters of the plow-plow surface (α, Δγ).

A technical solution is known (AS No. 1168108, class AB01B 15/04, 1982), which contains a plow working body, the blade of which is divided into two parts. These parts are interconnected from the back of the blade using elastic elements and a spring damper. Using these devices, an attempt was made to change the parameters of the plow-heap surface. However, the main disadvantages of this device include the impossibility of changing the angle of setting the share (α) to the bottom of the furrow and a very weak change in the bend of the blade (Δγ) due to technical imperfections.

The closest technical solution to the claimed invention is a plow with automatic control of the parameters of the plow surface (AS No. 733527, A01B 15/00), including the regulation of the parameters of the plow-heap surface depending on the speed of the unit using automation that contains a parameter control system ploughshare-dump surface, including a sensing element in the form of a hydraulic pump, a transducer in the form of a damper cylinder, connected by means of a two-shouldered lever with a hydraulic distributor and a guide of logs. In addition, there is a control choke on the converter. “Automation commands” are carried out by a system of levers that are attached to the plow-blade surface.

The disadvantages of this device are:

firstly, as the authors of this copyright certificate themselves note, in the process of work there are frequent failures of automation due to its technical and managerial complexity, which leads to jamming of the plow-heap surface in one position and does not contribute to improving the quality of soil cultivation and reducing traction resistance;

secondly, due to the large number of “executors” of “automation teams”, the control of the plow-heap surface is carried out rather approximately, which also does not contribute to the achievement of the set goal.

The objective of the technical solution is to improve the quality of soil cultivation and reliability in operation with minimal energy consumption by selecting the parameters of the plow-heap surface for a particular type of soil.

Each type of soil requires its own parameters of the plow-heap surface, at which maximum quality and minimum energy consumption are achieved. Studies by scientists have established that each specific type of soil is processed efficiently and at minimal cost with certain parameters of the plow-heap surface. In this regard, all the working bodies of the dump plows according to the type of the plow-dump surface are divided into four groups: cylindrical, cultural, half-screw and helical. The maximum quality of soil cultivation with minimal energy consumption is obtained when the parameters of the plow-plow surface (the angle of setting the ploughshare to the bottom of the furrow α and the angle of bend of the blade Δγ is the angle between the direction of movement of the working body and the angle of the furrow forming to the wall) are optimal for a particular type of soil. Changing these parameters of the plow-heap surface is also required due to the different speed of the unit on the field during processing of different types of soils, and the speed of the unit and the parameters of the plow-heap surface are inversely proportional to each other.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in a plow with adjustable parameters of the plow-blade surface, including a frame consisting of bars, dump working bodies with racks, a control system for the parameters of the plow-blade surface, containing hydraulic cylinders and interconnected actuating levers, unlike the prototype the system for controlling the parameters of the plow-heap surface is equipped with a traction with grooves fixed with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the outer side s of the supporting beam of the frame, in the middle of the rod there is a gear-rack device installed on top, and the front end of the rod is connected by means of two-arm levers to a hydraulic cylinder rigidly fixed to the plow frame, while on the outside of the rod are rigidly fixed fingers connected through two-arm levers with vertical rotating axes mounted on the racks of the working bodies, and the lower ends of the vertical axes are made L-shaped and connected by means of hinges to the plow-blade surface.

In addition, the proposed plow with adjustable parameters of the plow-blade surface of the working bodies is characterized in that the plow-blade surface is connected to the rack of the working body using at least two lower and two upper hinges; vertical rotating axes are located in the bushings of the upper and lower brackets, rigidly fixed to the racks of the working bodies of the plow; the rack-and-pinion device includes a rack, rigidly attached from above to the middle of the rod, and a L-shaped fixing gear bracket, which is attached to the plow frame using a hinge and a spring, on top of which is a ski rigidly attached to the bracket and interacting with the roller fixed to the rod of the second hydraulic cylinder; perpendicular to the outer side of the load-bearing beam of the frame, the axles included in the longitudinal grooves of the rod are rigidly fixed, the ends of the axles are provided with a threaded connection.

A new set of essential features of a technical solution allows to improve the quality of tillage, reliable operation with minimal energy consumption, in addition, it is achieved:

- high reliability in operation associated with the ease of regulation of the parameters of the plow-blade surface;

- high installation accuracy and reliable fixation of predetermined parameters of the plow-heap surface, which is not observed in the prototype, where there are no mechanisms that reliably fix the variable parameters of the plow-heap surface in predetermined positions;

- patented control system for the parameters of the plow-blade surface is simpler in design and durable in operation, which is not observed in the prototype.

As a result of the search in the patent and scientific and technical literature, technical solutions were not identified that have the same set of essential features and give the same effect, which indicates compliance with the criteria of “novelty” and “inventive step”.

The technical essence of the proposed invention is illustrated by the following drawings, where:

figure 1 - General view of the device;

figure 2 - installation of traction on the frame;

figure 3 - the working body of the plow mounted on the axis;

figure 4 - fastening the plough-dump surface of the working body on the rack.

The device (Fig. 1) comprises a frame 1 with working bodies fixed on it with uprights 2, a control system for the parameters of the plow-blade surface, including a rod 3 on which fingers 4 and a gear rack 5 are mounted; the thrust has longitudinal grooves 15 (FIG. 2), which include the axles 16 welded to the side surface of the frame beam, the thrust is mounted on these axes by washers 17 and nuts 18. The grooves allow the thrust to reciprocate.

Behind each working body with a stand, vertical rotating axes 19 are installed (Fig. 3), fixed in the bushings of the brackets 20 welded to the frame, the lower ends of these axes pass through the bushings of the brackets 21 and are connected by levers 22 with ball joints 23 mounted on the back of the workers 24 organs; the brackets 21 are fixed to the racks 2 of the working bodies by means of bolts.

For fastening the plow-dump surface of the working body on the rack, the bed 26 (Fig. 4) is connected to the shoes 27 by means of hinges 28. A working body consisting of a ploughshare 29 and a blade 30 with a known bolt connection is attached to the bed.

At the upper end of the vertical axis of the first working body, a lever 6 is installed (Fig. 1), connected to the first finger of the rod and the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 7, the upper ends of the subsequent vertical axes are connected by two shoulders levers 8 with the corresponding fingers of the rod.

Fixing the position of the plow-dump surface of the working bodies is carried out by a rack-and-pinion device, consisting of a bracket 9 with a gear fixing rack 10, a ski 11, a compression spring 12, a roller 13, mounted on the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 14.

The device operates as follows.

The tractor driver, by activating the hydraulic control lever, activates the hydraulic cylinder 7. The hydraulic cylinder rod through the system of levers 6 acts on the fingers 4, which give the thrust 3 translational motion. In turn, the fingers 4 through a system of levers act on the vertical axis 19, which, through the bushings of the brackets 20 and 21, rotates relative to the longitudinal axis. During its rotation, the axis 19 acts on the lever 22, which through the hinge interacts with the plow-blade surface.

The hydraulic lever located in the tractor cab has four fixed positions (in accordance with the four types of plow-heap surface), as well as the ability to change the parameters of the plow-heap surface between fixed positions. Depending on the type of soil and the speed of movement of the unit, certain parameters of the plow-dump surface are set. After the specific parameters are set, they are reliably fixed by means of a gear mechanism, including a gear rack 5, a fixing rack 10, a spring 12. To change the parameters of the plow-blade surface, the tractor driver, by moving the additional lever in the cab, includes a hydraulic cylinder 14 - a hydraulic cylinder rod, having at its end a roller 13, which begins to advance. In the process of extension, the roller 13 runs onto the ski 11 and, by compressing the spring 12, the gear-rack mechanism is released (released).

After setting the set parameters of the plow-blade surface, they are fixed in the manner described above.

The adjustable parameters of the working body of the plow for each specific type of plow-dump surface are known:

- cylindrical surface - α = 28 ... 30 °, Δγ = 0 ... 2;

- cultural surface - α = 26 ... 28 °, Δγ = 2 ... 7 °;

- half-helical surface - α = 24 ... 26 °, Δγ = 7 ... 15 °;

- helical surface - α = 20 ... 24 °, Δγ> 15 °.

The use of the present invention allows due to a reliable control system for the parameters of the plow-heap surface, the original installation of the plow-heap surface of the working bodies, as well as their fixation, to obtain the necessary quality of soil treatment and rational use of energy consumed due to the lower traction resistance of the plow working bodies.

Claims (5)

1. A plow with adjustable parameters of the plow-blade surface of the working bodies, including a frame consisting of bars, dump working bodies with racks, a control system for the parameters of the plow-blade surface containing hydraulic cylinders and interconnected actuating levers, characterized in that the parameter control system ploughshare-dump surface includes traction with grooves, fixed with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the outer side of the supporting beam of the frame, in the middle of a rack-and-pinion device is mounted on top, and the front end of the link is connected by means of two-arm levers to a hydraulic cylinder rigidly fixed to the plow frame, while on the outside of the link are rigidly fixed fingers connected via two-arm levers with vertical rotating axes mounted on racks working bodies, and the lower ends of the vertical axes are made L-shaped and connected by means of hinges with a ploughshare-dump surface. 2. The plow according to claim 1, characterized in that the plow-blade surface is attached to the rack of the working body using at least two lower and two upper hinges. 3. The plow according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical rotating axes are located in the bushings of the upper and lower brackets, rigidly fixed to the stable working bodies of the plow. 4. The plow according to claim 1, characterized in that the rack-and-pinion device includes a rack, rigidly attached from above to the middle of the rod and a L-shaped fixing gear bracket, which is connected to the plow frame by means of a hinge and a spring, on top of which there is a ski, rigidly attached to the bracket and interacting in the process of working with a roller mounted on the rod of the second hydraulic cylinder. 5. The plow according to claim 1, characterized in that the axes included in the longitudinal grooves of the thrust are perpendicular to the outer side of the frame beam, the ends of the axles are provided with a threaded connection.

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