RU2761353C1 - Universal motorblock plow - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. A universal plow for a walk-behind tractor contains a working body consisting of a stand (4), a share (2), a blade (1), a shoe, a blade of a blade (23), a field board (5), a control system for the parameters of the share-moldboard surface. The rear part of the field board (5) is connected to the blade (1) by a lanyard-type screw mechanism (6). In the front part of the field board (5), a longitudinal hole (7) is made with the possibility of installing and moving a stud with a head in it, as well as with the possibility of moving the ring of the adjusting screw along it. A stud with a ring is installed with the possibility of longitudinal movement and fixation with a nut in the hole of the ear, rigidly fixed to the blade (1). A corner (15) is rigidly fixed to the post (4) of the field board (5), which has a hole in which a stop bolt is installed, interacting with its head with the blade (1) and on the opposite side fixed relative to the corner (15) with a nut and a locknut.

EFFECT: simplification of the design of the system for regulating the parameters of the plow-moldboard surface of the plow.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to tillage implements for basic tillage.

According to the standard (GOST R 50694. Machines and implements for soil cultivation. Plowshares-moldboard plows. Working bodies. Terms and definitions) the plow body consists of a stand, a share, a blade, a blade blade, a field board, a field board heel, removable. Each element of the plow has its own definition and purpose.

Known plowshares in the shape of the working surface having cultural, semi-screw and screw dumps (Turbin BG, Lurie AB, SV Melnikov and other Agricultural machines. Theory and technological calculation. Publishing house "Engineering", Leningrad, 1967 - p. 14-17). Such a variety of dumps makes it possible to use the appropriate form of dump in specific soil conditions. The shape of the dump determines its ability to crush and wrap around the soil layer cut by the share. For the main plowing on old arable soils with a resistivity of up to 0.6 ... 1.3 kg / cm ^2, plows with a semi-screw working surface are used. For smooth plowing, reversible plows with a cultural blade are used. For plowing virgin and fallow lands, plows with a semi-screw blade are used.

The share and the blade form the working surface of the plow body. For bodies with different working widths, the installation of different standard sizes of plowshares is provided. The blade is used to improve the formation turnover. The board absorbs lateral furrow pressures and increases the stability of the body stroke. For enclosures with different mouldboards, the dimensions of the field board are different. Taking into account the variety of soil conditions (sandy, loamy, clay soils, clogged with stones, or waterlogged soils), a large range of plows with various types of shares has been developed.

The disadvantage of these plows is the specification of the plow design for each type of soil. This plow cannot be used on walk-behind tractors.

Due to the fact that walk-behind tractors cultivate small plots of land, from an economic point of view, it is not advisable to have several plows with different dumps. From an operational point of view, tractor plows lack universality in relation to plows for walk-behind tractors.

The plows produced for motoblocks are of the same type. Some samples that worked satisfactorily on waterlogged loamy soddy soils did not work satisfactorily on greenhouse soil and vice versa.

Known plow body [RU No. 2282334, А01В 15/00, А01В 15/08]. The plow body contains a rack bent in the transverse-vertical plane, in the lower part of which a chisel is fixed, a knife is fixed on the frontal part, and a blade is fixed on the side edge by means of a bracket, with the ability to move along it, equipped with a lamella that allows you to adjust the cross-section of the wrapped soil layer when changing the depth of its loosening.

With the use of the present invention, it is only possible to regulate the turnover of the soil layer. This plow body cannot be used on walk-behind tractors.

Known plow body [and.with. No. 1808226, А01В 15/06], containing a plowshare fixed on the rack and a blade made of the upper and lower parts. At the same time, in order to improve the quality of plowing, the lower part of the stand is made curved, and the share is made along the entire length of two parts, one of which has a curvilinear formula and is fixed on the front part of the curved part of the stand, and the other part is in the form of a flat plate, the cutting edge of which is located at an acute angle to the horizontal plane and with an inclination from the stand, while at the junction of the said parts of the plowshares there is a ratchet, the lower edge of which is located below the cutting edge of the plowshare, and the working surface of the lower part of the blade has the shape of the surface of a double oblique cylindroid.

The presented plow body destroys the compacted furrow bottom, reduces the resistance to entering the soil on heavy soils, and with an increase in the angle increases the wrapping effect of the seam on light soils. The adjustment requires removal of the unit from the machine. This plow body cannot be used on walk-behind tractors.

The closest analogue to the claimed device is a moldboard plow with adjustment of the parameters of the share-moldboard surface of the working bodies [RU 2462013, А01В 15/00].

Moldboard plow with adjustment of the parameters of the share-moldboard surface of the working bodies, including a frame consisting of beams, working bodies consisting of a moldboard, a share, a shoe, a stand, a control system for the parameters of the share-moldboard surface with a hydraulic cylinder, while parallel to the supporting beam of the frame with an external sides in the guide brackets rigidly fixed to the supporting beam of the frame, a movable rod is installed, on which a toothed rack is fixed, connected to a gear located on a shaft, at the other end of which a crank is fixed connected to the rod of a hydraulic cylinder installed on the plow frame, while with the outer side of the movable rod opposite the dumping working bodies, brace-shaped guide strips are fixed, on which oblique guiding through grooves are made, along which rollers move, installed on the upper axes located on forked levers moving in guide bushings rigidly attached to the racks of the dumping working bodies, and lower the ends of the forked levers are connected to the lower axles, which are movably connected to the swinging levers, pivotally connected to the dumps.

The plow includes working bodies consisting of a blade, a share, a shoe, a stand, a control system for the parameters of the share-moldboard surface with a hydraulic cylinder.

The disadvantage of the plow is the complexity of the design of the control system for the parameters of the share-moldboard surface with a hydraulic cylinder. The use of hydraulics makes the design heavier and more complex. A plow of this design cannot be used with walk-behind tractors.

The objective of the invention is to simplify the design of the system for adjusting the parameters of the plow-moldboard surface of the plow, allowing it to be aggregated with the entire line of walk-behind tractors.

The problem is solved due to the fact that a universal plow for a walk-behind tractor, containing a working body, consisting of a stand, a share, a blade, a shoe, a blade of a blade, a field board, a control system for the parameters of a share-moldboard surface. The rear part of the field board is connected to the blade by a lanyard-type screw mechanism, and a longitudinal hole is made in the front part of the field board with the possibility of installing and moving a pin with a head in it, as well as with the possibility of moving the ring of an adjusting screw along it, while the pin with a ring is installed with the possibility of longitudinal movement and fixation with a nut in the hole of the ear, rigidly fixed to the blade, while a corner is rigidly fixed to the field board post, having a hole in which a stop bolt is installed, interacting with its head with the blade and on the opposite side fixed relative to the corner by a nut and a locknut.

1. The rear part of the field board is connected to the blade by a lanyard-type screw mechanism.

2. In the front part of the field board, a longitudinal hole is made with the possibility of installing and moving a hairpin with a head in it.

3. A hairpin with a ring is installed with the possibility of longitudinal movement and fixation with a nut in the hole of the ear, rigidly fixed to the share

4. A corner is rigidly fixed to the post of the field board, which has a hole in which a stop bolt is installed, which interacts with its head with the blade, and on the opposite side is fixed relative to the corner by a nut with a locknut.

The listed new essential features, together with the known ones, are necessary and sufficient to achieve a technical result in all cases covered by the requested scope of legal protection.

Technical result

The technical result consists in simplifying the design of the control system for the parameters of the share-moldboard surface.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in the given drawings, where:

fig. 1 - Plow body (front view);

fig. 2 - Adjustment of the angle of inclination of the moldboard-share part vertically;

fig. 3 - Plow body (rear view);

fig. 4 - Heel of the field board;

fig. 5 - a hairpin in the hole of the adjusting bolt;

fig. 6 - Adjusting the angle of rotation of the plow blade horizontally;

fig. 7 - Thrust bolt;

fig. 8 - Adjusting mechanism of the angle of inclination of the moldboard-share part vertically.

A universal plow for a walk-behind tractor, containing a working body consisting of a blade 1, a share 2, a shoe 3, a stand 4, a control system for the parameters of the share-moldboard surface. The rear part of the field board 5 is connected to the blade 1 by a lanyard-type screw mechanism 6, and in the front part of the field board 5 a longitudinal elliptical hole 7 is made with the possibility of installing a pin 8 in it, having a head 9 at the outer end with the possibility of its movement in the longitudinal hole 7, in this case, the hairpin 8 is installed in the ring 10 of the adjusting bolt 11 installed in the longitudinal elliptical hole 12 and fixed with a nut 13 relative to the ear 14 rigidly fixed to the blade 1, while the corner 15 is rigidly attached to the post 4 of the field board 5, having a hole 16, in which has a stop bolt 17, which interacts with its head 18 with the blade 1, and on the opposite side is fixed relative to the angle 15 by a nut 19 with a locknut 20.

The share 2 is fixed with two screws 21 to the plate 22 (Fig. 2), which in turn is welded to the blade 1. On the blade 1 (Fig. 1), the blade of the blade 23 is attached by means of a bolt 24, fixed by a nut 25 (Fig. 3), providing adjustment of the blade blade position. The field board 5 (Fig. 2) has a longitudinal hole 7 for fixing and moving the adjustment mechanism (Fig. 4) of the angle of inclination of the moldboard-share part horizontally. The adjustment mechanism (Fig. 6) consists of an ear 14 welded to the blade 1, a stud 8 with a head 9 (Fig. 5) and a nut 13 (Fig. 5, Fig. 6). The pin 8 is installed in the ring 10 of the pin with the ring 10 (Fig. 5). An angle 15 with a hole 16 (Fig. 7) is welded to the pillar 4 of the plow body, in which an adjusting stop bolt 17 is installed (Fig. 7). The rear part of the field board 5 is connected to the blade 1 by a lanyard-type screw mechanism 6 (Fig. 8) of the angle of inclination of the blade-ploughshare part vertically. Also, a shoe 3 is welded to the rear of the field board 5 (Fig. 4).

Setting when determining the type of soil.

The dump chest 1 and the share 2 protrude beyond the rack 4 and form a straight line in frontal projection (Fig. 1). Due to this, when passing the plow body, the furrow wall is flat and solid at right angles to the furrow bottom. This design makes it possible to significantly reduce resistance by reducing the area of contact between the body and the groove wall. The blade of the blade 23 serves as an extension of the body and has a stepless adjustment of working positions to direct the soil layer into rotation at different plowing depths on different soils. Body contact can be seen from the worn paint in the soil contact areas. The rack and adjustment mechanisms are deprived of the opportunity to participate in the formation of the furrow wall. The friction zones are strictly limited by the left cut of the moldboard-ploughshare part 1, 2 (Fig. 1) and half of the left side of the field board 5 (Fig. 8). Mechanical losses in this unit are optimized.

The plow share 2 (Fig. 1) is replaceable, fixed on two screws 21 with a conical countersunk head to a steel plate 22 (Fig. 4), welded to the blade 1.

To the blade of the blade 1 (Fig. 1), the blade of the blade 23 is attached through the bolt 24 (Fig. 1) with a rounded head and a four-sided thrust sector that prevents rotation when tightening (loosening) the nut 25 (Fig. 3). This solution allows the wrench to be used only on the nut side, providing quick and convenient infinitely variable blade blade adjustment in the field.

The shoe of the field board 5 and the mechanism for adjusting the angle of inclination of the moldboard-share part horizontally (Fig. 4). The lifting height of the field board 5 in its rear part from the surface of the bottom of the furrow (10 mm) is the same as the lifting height of its front part. When moving, the bottom of the furrow is punched out, and the soil contacts the lower part of the field board 5. However, when it goes through, it compresses under the shoe 3 and the amount of pressing of the lower part of the field board 5 on the ground decreases. Thus, mechanical losses are also reduced. The shoe 3 is welded to the field board 5 and does not need to be replaced during operation,

On the pillar 4 of the plow body at the corner 15 (Fig. 7), which does not go beyond the working dimensions of the moldboard-share part, there is a stop bolt 17 (Fig. 7), changing the length of which it is possible to change the stop point of the moldboard-share part in the vertical plane. This adjustment has no steps.

The versatility of the plow is determined by the presence of the following adjustments depending on the type of soil.

1. Adjusting the angle of inclination of the ploughshare part vertically (Fig. 2) allows you to decrease or increase the angle of entry of the ploughshare into the soil relative to the bottom of the furrow and, accordingly, to change the angle of inclination of the blade relative to the vertical, which makes it possible to reduce resistance to entry into the soil on heavy soils, and with an increase in the angle, increase the wrapping effect of the layer on light soils. The bolt-type adjustment mechanism provides stepless and easy adjustment. The adjustment is carried out with a single spanner. On a plow installed directly on the walk-behind tractor, adjustment does not require removing the unit from the machine. An adjusting stop bolt (Fig. 7) is installed on the plow body stand at an angle that does not go beyond the working dimensions of the moldboard-share part, by changing the length of which it is possible to change the stop point of the moldboard-share part in the horizontal plane. This adjustment has no steps.

Adjusting the angle of inclination of the moldboard-ploughshare part horizontally (Fig. 6) makes it possible to change the width of capture and the angle of entry of the ploughshare part relative to the furrow wall, which makes it possible to reduce resistance on the corresponding types of soils.

2. All of the above adjustments must be made in combination, since they are interdependent. That is why they are made steplessly, with screw and slide mechanisms. Subject to the implementation of the complexity of the adjustments, the overall correct geometry of the plow body does not change. The adjustment mechanisms are provided with travel stops for adjusting and adjustable elements. On the moldboard-share part there is a stop corner 26 (Fig. 2), which prevents the movement of this part in all planes relative to the field board and the plow body rack in all operating modes. The screw part of the turnbuckle type 6 (Fig. 8) provides a rigid kinematic connection between the blade 1 and the field board 5. It simultaneously provides smooth and stepless adjustment, which allows experimentally to individually adjust the angle of inclination horizontally in accordance with the working conditions directly in the furrow.

3. In some cases, on heavy loamy soddy (virgin) soils, there is a phenomenon of under-circulation of the layer (unstable position or back dumping into the furrow) at low speeds of the unit movement (the insufficient length of the lower part of the dump wing affects). On greenhouse soils (on very loose soil), the phenomenon of under-circulation occurs as a result of strong crumbling of loosely bound soils.

Under the condition of optimal adjustments according to items 1 and 2 with the occurrence of the above phenomena (item 3), taking into account the savings in metal, the following technical solution to this problem was found. Since when each of the flaws occurs, only one part (lower or upper) of the dump wing is involved in the work, it is advisable to use a dump blade 23 (Fig. 1), at certain (empirically) positions of which the wing length increases in the required part. Due to the fact that the blade of the blade repeats the surface of the blade of the blade, the above phenomena cease. Thus, without making the plow heavier, the problems of the blade wing length can be solved without increasing the cost of the structure.

Claims (1)

A universal plow for a walk-behind tractor, containing a working body consisting of a stand, a share, a blade, a shoe, a blade of a blade, a field board, a control system for the parameters of a share-moldboard surface, characterized in that the rear part of the field board is connected to the blade by a lanyard-type screw mechanism, and in the front part of the field board, a longitudinal hole is made with the possibility of installing and moving a stud with a head in it, as well as with the ability to move the ring of an adjusting screw along it, while the stud with a ring is installed with the possibility of longitudinal movement and fixation with a nut in the hole of the ear, rigidly fixed to blade, while a corner is rigidly fixed to the rack of the field board, having a hole in which a stop bolt is installed, interacting with its head with the blade and on the opposite side fixed with respect to the corner by a nut and a locknut.

Images