RU2715035C1 - Combined tillage tool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. Combined tillage tool comprises a frame consisting of longitudinal (2–5) and transverse (6 and 7) bars, equipped with replaceable working members arranged with formation of parallel rows, providing the possibility of soil treatment along the width of the tillage of the soil cultivation implement. Working members form plow sections and are fixed on longitudinal (2–5) bars of frame by means of posts. Working element is a left ploughshare fixed on a flat post, connected to the right ploughshare, which form a point blade with angle of 60–100° along the movement direction. Blade is connected with right ploughshare and post. On the last bar of the frame, with the help of yokes there fixed are droppers consisting of brackets installed at angle of 30–50° in the direction of movement of the soil cultivation implement, on which dumps are fixed. Dumps are made with possibility of installation at different height in places between plow sections. On the last frame bar the clamps of the leveler are fixed with the help of clamps, which are connected through tie-rods to the equalizer plates, which are made with possibility of rotation and stopper relative to the brackets in the vertical plane.

EFFECT: higher quality of soil treatment, reduced traction resistance and power consumption.

1 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular, to methods of primary processing and tillage implements.

A known method of primary tillage and a combined tillage implement (RF patent for the invention No. 2536890, IPC АВВ 79/00, АВВ 49/02, published on 12/27/2014, bull. No. 36), including cutting, crumbling of the treated soil layer, rotation of the soil layer , the destruction of the "plow sole" and the formation of cracks with an inter crevice distance of 70-90 cm, characterized in that when crumbling the upper part of the treated formation, it is rotated in both directions relative to the working body strut, moving it to the field surface with the formation of recesses in the month the passage of the working bodies, then the working bodies of the second row repeat the process with the formation of grooves with the formation of the crest on the untreated part of the surface of the field, then the working bodies of the next rows cut and crumble the untreated part of the field to a greater depth, move it to the formed grooves and form cracks , and then make the alignment of the surface of the field.

In addition, the combined tillage implement includes a frame consisting of longitudinal and transverse beams equipped with interchangeable working bodies arranged to form parallel rows, providing the possibility of soil tillage over the entire working width of the tillage implement, the working bodies being made in the form of removable lancet paws fixed to the rack, consisting of right and left plowshares in the direction of travel, made triangular or quadrangular, located with an offset cutting edge to, with dumps, and the working bodies are fixed on the longitudinal bars of the frame using racks, and the left and right shares are installed with an offset of 0.5-1.5 share widths relative to each other horizontally and are located at an angle of 20-35 ° to the horizontal and 35-55 ° to the vertical plane, and the cutting edges of the plowshares are vertically offset relative to each other, on the stand of the working body above the plowshares, right and left dumps are installed at an angle of 25-50 ° relative to the side of the rack in the horizontal plane and at an angle of 25- 40 ° relative to ne the middle part of the rack in the vertical plane, the lower edges of which are trimmed at an angle of 20-40 ° relative to the horizontal plane, in the front of the rack in the place where the left and right dumps are mated, a rod made of a bar with a cross-section in cross section corresponding to the length mates of dumps, and the last two rows of working bodies consist of a stand, a fairing and a chisel, fixed through a side groove on the front of the working body stand, to which the equalizer is attached using brackets b, and the working bodies of each next row are displaced relative to the working bodies of the previous one.

The disadvantage of the processing method is the non-technological movement of the crushed layer of soil left or right, the formation of deep furrows that form behind the working bodies of the 3rd, 4th row and not completely covering them with soil with levelers. The disadvantage of a combined tillage implement is the horizontal displacement of the plowshares of the working bodies relative to each other horizontally and vertically and the gap between the plowshares and flat dumps, which increases the traction resistance of the tillage implement.

An object of the invention is to improve the quality of soil treatment, reducing traction resistance and energy intensity.

The task in the implementation of the method of primary tillage is achieved by the fact that in the known method, when crumbling the upper part of the treated formation, it is rotated in both directions relative to the rack of the working body, moving it to the field surface with the formation of recesses in the places of passage of the working bodies, then of a series, the process is repeated with the formation of depressions with the formation of the crest on the untreated part of the surface of the ridge field, then the working bodies of the following rows produce cutting and crumbling the untreated part of the field to great depths, moving it into the formed recesses and the formation of cracks, and then leveling the surface of the field.

According to the proposed method of cutting and crumbling of the treated formation occurs in parallel plow sections, each of which contains several working bodies, while the turnover of the formation occurs on one side relative to the racks of the working bodies, and a ridge of crumbled soil and an open furrow are formed between the sections. Then the comb is moved by the ejector into the open furrow. Next, the surface of the treated soil is leveled with a leveling agent.

The problem in terms of the combined tillage implement is solved by the fact that the implement including the frame, consisting of longitudinal and transverse beams, equipped with interchangeable working bodies located with the formation of parallel rows, providing the possibility of soil tillage over the entire working width of the tillage implement, and the working bodies are made in in the form of removable lancet paws fixed on a stand, consisting of right and left plowshares in the direction of travel, made triangular or quadrangular frames located with the offset of the cutting edges, with blades, characterized in that the working bodies are fixed on the longitudinal bars of the frame using racks, and the left and right shares are installed with an offset of 0.5-1.5 width of the share relative to each other horizontally at an angle of 20-35 ° to the horizontal and 35-55 ° to the vertical plane, and the cutting edges of the shares are offset vertically relative to each other, on the stand of the working body above the shares, right and left dumps are installed at an angle of 25-50 ° relative to the side racks in the horizontal plane and at an angle of 25-40 ° relative to the front of the racks in the vertical plane, the lower edges of which are cut at an angle of 20-40 ° relative to the horizontal plane, in the front of the rack in the place where the left and right dumps are mated , in cross section having a circle or part of a circle a fairing corresponding to the mating length of the dumps, and the last two rows of working bodies consist of a stand, a fairing and a chisel, fixed through a side groove on the front of the work stand bringing the body to which the equalizer is attached using brackets, and the working bodies of each next row are offset with respect to the working bodies of the previous one.

According to the invention, the working bodies forming the plow sections are mounted on the longitudinal bars of the frame using racks, moreover, the working body is a left ploughshare mounted on a flat rack, connected to the right ploughshare, which form a pointed arm with an angle of 60-100 ° along movement, while the blade is connected to the right share and stand.

With the help of clamps, ejectors are fixed on the last beam of the frame, consisting of brackets mounted at an angle of 30-50 ° in the direction of movement of the tillage implement, on which the dumps are fixed, while the dumps can be installed at different heights relative to the treated field surface in the places between the plow sections. Also, on the last beam of the frame, using equalizer brackets, the equalizer brackets are fixed, which are connected via tie rods to the equalizer plates, while the equalizer plates can rotate and lock relative to the brackets in a vertical plane.

The claimed group of inventions meets the requirements of the unity of invention, since the group of diverse inventions forms a single inventive concept, moreover, one of the claimed objects of the group - a combined tillage implement is designed to implement another declared object of the group - the main tillage method, while both objects of the group of inventions are aimed at solving one and the same task with obtaining a single technical result.

In FIG. 1 shows a method of primary tillage. Letters and numbers in the drawing indicate:

I) The profile of the cultivated soil;

II) Parallel plow sections, consisting of working bodies;

III) Cutting and crumbling of the cultivated soil layer, its rotation on one side relative to the racks of the working bodies, the formation of ridges from crushed soil and open furrows between the plow sections;

Iv) ridges of ridges;

V) Field profile after operation of the ejector;

VI) Leveling device;

VII) The surface profile of the treated soil layer with a leveler.

a - the depth of soil cultivation by working bodies;

q is the crest;

e - open furrow

The main tillage method is as follows:

the treated soil layer of Fig. 1 (I) is cut, crumbles to a depth, and parallel plow sections of Fig. 1 (II), consisting of working bodies, the crushed soil layer is turned in one direction of Fig. 1 (III) relative to the racks of the working bodies with the formation of ridges of Fig. 1 (q) from crushed soil and open furrows of FIG. 1 (e) between sections.

Then, with the droppers of FIG. 1 (IV), the ridges of FIG. 1 (q) are discharged into the open furrows of FIG. 1 (e), whereby the field profile of FIG. 1 (V) is formed. Next, the equalizers of FIG. 1 (VI) level the field surface, which has the following profile of FIG. 1 (VII).

The following drawings show a device in the claimed group of inventions:

In Fig 2 shows a front view of the inventive device.

In Fig 3 is a side view of the inventive device.

In Fig 4 is a top view of the inventive device.

In Fig. 5 is a front view of the working body of the inventive device.

b - the width of the working body.

In Fig 6 is a side view of the working body of the inventive device.

In Fig 7 is a top view of the working body of the inventive device.

α is the angle between the left and right shares.

In Fig. 8 is a rear view of the ejector of the inventive device.

h is the distance from the lower plane of the frame to the lower edge of the blade.

In Fig. 9 is a top view of the ejector of the inventive device.

γ is the angle of setting the bracket of the ejector relative to the direction of movement of the tillage implement.

In Fig. 10 is a front view of the equalizer of the claimed device.

In Fig. 11 is a top view of the equalizer of the claimed device.

On Fig - side view of the equalizer of the inventive device.

τ is the angle of rotation of the equalizer rod

A tillage implement, including a frame 1, consisting of longitudinal beams 2, 3, 4, 5 and transverse beams 6, 7 equipped with interchangeable working bodies 8, arranged with the formation of parallel plow sections, providing the possibility of soil tillage over the entire working width of the tillage implement. The working bodies 8 are fixed on the longitudinal bars of the frame 2, 3, 4, 5 with the help of racks 9 made in the form of lancet paws, consisting of plowshares of the right 10 and left 11, moreover, a blade 12 is connected to the ploughshare 10 and the rack 9.

Shooting legs, consisting of the right 10 and left 11 shares, form a pointed arm with an angle α = 60-100 ° in the direction of travel and a working width of b = 25-50 cm, while dump 12 is attached to the right share 10 and rack 9.

A bracket 14 is mounted on the beam 5 of the frame 1 using clamps 13, mounted at an angle γ = 30-50 ° in the direction of travel on which the blade 15 is mounted, while the dumps can be installed at different heights relative to the treated field surface in the places between the plow sections. Also, brackets 17 are attached to the beam 5 using clamps 16, to which an equalizer plate 20 is attached through the hinge 18 and the rod 19, which is locked by bolts 21 and 22, while the stopper 23 provides an angle value of τ = 30-50 °

The frame 1 is mounted and has 2 support wheels 24, which are movable in a vertical plane to adjust the depth of plowing using the depth adjustment mechanism 25, which is mounted on the transverse bars 26. A mounted device 27 is mounted on the longitudinal beam 2 of the frame 1.

For transporting tillage tools in the vehicle body over long distances, the support wheels 24 with the transverse beam 26 are disconnected from the frame 1.

The declared tillage implement works as follows: For tillage, the tillage implement is attached to the tractor using an attachment 27. At the site of the field work, the depth of tillage is set by the mechanism for adjusting the processing depth 25. When the working bodies 8 are deepened into the soil, the left 11 and right 10 shares in the direction of movement simultaneously interact with the soil, undercut and crumble the soil. The location of the shares in the form of a lancet paw provides compression and extension of the treated soil layer, while the degree of crumbling of the soil increases and the traction resistance of the tillage implement is reduced. Then, the crumbled soil layer in the direction of travel is raised by plowshares 10 and turns into dumps 12 in one direction in the direction of travel, while ridges of Fig III (q) and open furrows of Fig III (e) will form in the places between the plow sections. Further, dump dumps 15 move the ridges of FIG. III (q) to the open furrows of FIG. III (e), while the profile of the treated soil layer has the shape of FIG. V. Then the equalizer plates 20 of FIG. VI align the field surface.

Claims (1)

Combined tillage implement, including a frame consisting of longitudinal and transverse beams, equipped with interchangeable working bodies arranged with the formation of parallel rows, providing the possibility of soil tillage over the entire working width of the tillage implement, characterized in that the working bodies form plow sections and are mounted on longitudinal beams frames with racks, and the working body is a left share mounted on a flat rack connected to the right share, which are comfort lancet paw with an angle of 60-100 ° in the direction of travel, while a dump is connected to the right ploughshare and stand, in addition, ejectors consisting of brackets mounted at an angle of 30-50 ° in the direction of travel are fixed with clamps on the last beam of the frame tillage implements, on which the dumps are fixed, while the dumps are made with the possibility of installation at different heights in the places between the plow sections, in addition, on the last beam of the frame with the help of clamps, equalizer brackets are fixed, which are connected through rods s with plates equalizer adapted to pivot relative to the stopper and the brackets in a vertical plane.

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