RU2329628C1 - Layer-by layer soil tillage device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns agricultural engineering, particularly to the layer-by-layer soil tillage devices. The device includes frame, balance wheels, adjuster, supports of upper blade tier, supports of the tool lower tier, and tractor connection device. Two rows of supports of upper tier blades are fixed to the rectangular frame, followed by the two rows of supports of lower tier blades in such a pattern that in operation the tracks of upper tier blades do not match the tracks of lower tier blades. The blade width is defined by the formula B₀=2α_b+b_c, where B₀ is a width of blade coverage, cm; 2 is a tillage depth increase rate; a_b is the running depth of upper tier blades, cm; b_c is the furrow width behind the supports of lower tier blades, cm. The space l between adjacent blade support runs is defined by inequation l > 1.5 α_b, while deep tiller tracks match the tracks of supports of lower tier shovels. Deep tiller supports allow lifting and turning the deep tillers horizontally.

EFFECT: improved moisture conservancy and water distribution evenness in the depth and width of fluffed soil.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to implements for layer-by-layer tillage.

A known tool for layer-by-layer soil cultivation is a two-tier deep-ripper fertilizer [1], which includes a frame, support wheels with adjustment mechanisms, an attachment for attaching to a tractor, plane-cutting legs of the upper and lower tiers.

The disadvantages of the guns with a tiered arrangement include high combing after passing the racks of the paws of the second tier along the track of the first tier, combing increases by 37.5% with an increase in the depth of processing from 22 to 27 cm.In this case, the clumpiness is 23 and 41%, respectively. An increase in the number of soil fractions of less than 1 mm in the upper layer of 0-5 cm is observed. In addition, the drawbacks of the known tool include the fact that when used for decompression, the traction resistance even with a depth of travel of the legs of the lower tier of 26 cm is more than 3 tons.

Known tool for layer-by-layer processing [2], including a frame, a support wheel with an adjustment mechanism, a rack of the upper tier of a plane-cutting paw, a rack of the lower tier of the working body, a device for connecting to a tractor.

A tool is known for layer-by-layer cultivation of soil with a flat-cut paw; during operation, lumps of considerable size are formed, which does not contribute to moisture conservation and uniform distribution of water of precipitation in the autumn-winter period along the depth and width of the loosened layer. In addition, the disadvantages of the known tools for layer-by-layer soil cultivation include the fact that the tool during operation forms soil fractions greater than 1 mm — less than 50 mm — only 84%, and soil fractions more than 50 mm — 1-6%, but after passage, the content of erosive particles less than or equal to 1 mm in a layer of 0-5 cm is more than 30%.

To eliminate these drawbacks and achieve an agrotechnical positive result, two rows of racks of flat-cut paws of the upper tier are rigidly placed on the rectangular frame, followed by two more rows of racks of paws of the lower tier according to the alternation scheme, so that during operation the traces from the racks of the upper tier do not coincide with the traces of racks of the lower tier, and the width of the paws is determined by the formula

In ₀ = 2a _in + in _s ,

where B ₀ - the width of the paws, cm;

2 - coefficient of increasing the depth of processing;

and _{in the} depth of the course of the plane-cutting paws of the upper tier, cm;

in _c - the width of the groove after the passage of the racks of the legs of the lower tier, cm, in addition, the distance (l) between adjacent passages of the racks of the flat-cut legs is determined by the inequality l greater than 1.5 a _in and the marks from the passage of the deep rippers coincided with the passages from the racks of the lower tier of the legs, and racks of deep-rippers are made with the possibility of their lifting to a horizontal position.

Setting on a rectangular frame of plane-cutting paws of the upper tier in two rows and plane-cutting paws of the lower tier in two rows makes it possible to improve not only the wind resistance of the treated area, but also to improve the quality of crumbling of the upper layer thickness (a _in ).

The proposed scheme interlace rack arrangement ploskoreznoj paws upper and lower tiers provides a finer fractional composition of the upper layer thickness _(in) and maintaining a sufficient amount of residue on the surface of the treated area and in a layer of from 0 to 5 cm for increasing its wind resistance.

Determination of the width of flat-cut paws by the formula

B ₀ = 2a _in + in _s ,

where B ₀ - the width of the paws, cm;

2 - coefficient of increasing the depth of processing;

and _{in the} depth of the course of the plane-cutting paws of the upper tier, cm;

in _with - the width of the groove after the passage of the racks of the legs of the lower tier, cm; and horizontal cutting of the formation to a depth a _in improves the fractional composition in this layer.

The location of the racks of plane-cutting paws with a distance (l> 1.5 a) between adjacent passages ensures the reliability of the technological process of the implement without clogging with crop residues.

The work of the paws of the deep-ripper at a depth of a equal to 32 cm allows you to form a VVV-shaped surface of the furrow and to loosen the soil layer below the depth (and _in + Δa) of the course of flat-cut paws of the lower tier. The implementation of the racks of the paws of the deep rippers with the ability to produce the formation of a gap greater than the stroke depth of the plane-cutting paws, makes it possible to increase the moisture storage of the loosened layer. The attachment of the racks of the paws of the deep-ripper to the frame with the possibility of their lifting to a horizontal position makes it possible to cut the cracks at a depth established by the agricultural requirements of anti-erosion treatment with different distances between them, depending on the size of the slope of the treated field section.

Figure 1 presents a new tool for layer-by-layer tillage, side view.

Figure 2 shows a tool for layer-by-layer tillage, top view.

Figure 3 shows a schematic structural and technological diagram of the arrangement of the working bodies of their racks on the frame of the gun.

Figure 4 schematically depicts a process with a complete sequential impact of the cutting edges of the paws on the treated formation.

Figure 5 shows a cross section of the treated formation after the passage of all the racks of the working bodies.

Figure 6 shows the working body of the cultivator (in vertical and horizontal positions, respectively ___ and _ _ _ _).

The tool for layer-by-layer processing includes a frame 1, support wheels 2, an adjustment mechanism 3, a rack 4 of the upper tier of a plane-cutting paw 5, a device 6 for connecting the implement to a tractor, a rack 7 of the lower tier of a plane-cutting paw 8, a rack 9 of a deep-ripper of a chisel-like paw 10.

A device 6 for attaching the implement to the tractor and two support wheels 2 are attached to the front beam of the frame 1, a regulation mechanism 3 is mounted on top of the frame, including a hydraulic cylinder and wheel 2, pivotally connected to the longitudinal intermediate bars of frame 1, in addition, racks 4, 7, 9 working bodies from below are attached to the frame.

The set of working bodies includes flat-cutting paws 5, 8 of the upper and lower tiers, as well as deep-rippers with paw 10 and racks 9. Paws 5 and 8 are arranged in two rows in the longitudinal direction and alternating, so that during operation traces from the passage of racks 4 and paws 5 did not coincide with the tracks from the aisles of the racks 7 paws 8.

The distance (l) between adjacent passages of the uprights 4 and 7 of the plane-cutting paws 5, 8 is determined by the inequality l> 1.5 a. Racks 9 with the legs 10 of the deep rippers are made with the possibility of moving them into a horizontal position with fixation.

The gun works as follows. After penetration of the working bodies ploskoreznoj legs 5 mounted on the upper tier, undercut soil formation at depth _and to form a soil fraction is greater than 1 mm but less than 50 mm, the number of which is increased by the action of struts 4 in the soil due to occurring lateral forces . With vertical movement between the sidewalls of the uprights 7, the formation of soil fractions from their uprights of the legs 8 installed on the lower tier also occurs. lower than the first by Δа = a- (а _в + а _н ). Paws 8 cut the formation to a depth (a _at + Δa), forming a fractional composition in the Δa layer together with struts 7. In addition, at the same time, the depth (a _at + Δa) is increased by paw 10 with a ripper by an amount equal to a _n . However, at this depth, there is no continuous cutting in the horizontal plane, as it occurs at a depth of a _in and (a _in + Δa).

The location of the rippers behind the paws 8 of the lower tier and the presence of their number allows you to perform several anti-erosion techniques: decompression of the lower layer, slotting with different distances, for example, when setting the paws of 10 rippers 5 along the track of the racks of 7 paws 8, the lower layer is decompressed at a depth of 35 cm and the formation of a VVV-shaped bottom of the furrow, which prevents directed soil runoff. And when setting the paws of 10 rippers with the possibility of lifting it to a horizontal position or deepening, it is possible to form gaps to prevent the development of water erosion of the gap at different distances from each other depending on the size of the slope.

Thus, when the proposed implement’s implement’s implement is used for layer-by-layer soil cultivation, a moisture-accumulating moisture-saving, loosened, cultivated horizon is created with a predominance of a fine-grained fraction in the upper layer with a density of from 0.7 to 0.9 g / cm ³ and a predominance of soil fractions greater than 1 mm, but less than 50 mm in an average wet layer with a density of 1.0 to 11 g / cm ³ and a lumpy lower layer with a density of less than 1.25 g / cm ^{3 of} soil.

Information sources

1. Zykov V.A., Taranin V.I. Longline flat-cutting tillage. // Mechanization and electrification of agricultural production. Vol. 23. Crop farming. Sat articles of VNIPIMESKH. Zernograd, 1976 .-- S. 62-68.

2. Taranin V.I., Pogrebnyak A.V. Agrotechnical indicators of a two-story deep-ripper fertilizer // Mechanization and Electrification of Agricultural Production, Issue 32. Crop production Sat scientific articles of VNIPIMESKh. Zernograd. 1979. - S. 61-72.

Claims (1)

A tool for layer-by-layer soil cultivation, including a frame, support wheels, a control mechanism, a rack of the upper tier of a plane-cutting paw, a rack of the lower tier of the working body, a device for connecting to a tractor, characterized in that two rows of racks of flat-cut legs of the upper tier are rigidly placed on a rectangular frame, and behind them two more rows of racks of paws of the lower tier according to the alternation scheme, so that during operation the tracks from the racks of the upper tier do not coincide with the traces of the racks of the lower tier, and the width of the paws is determined by the formula In ₀ = 2a _in + in _s , where B ₀ - the width of the paws, cm; 2 - coefficient of increasing the depth of processing; and _{in the} depth of the course of the plane-cutting paws of the upper tier, cm; in _with - the width of the groove after the passage of the racks of the legs of the lower tier, cm; In addition, the distance l between adjacent passageways racks ploskoreznoj paw is determined by the inequality l is greater than 1.5 _and traces of Chisel passage coincide with passageways of the lower tier racks paws and Chisel rack adapted to lift them to a horizontal position.

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