RU2318303C1 - Erosion-preventive tillage tool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, erosion-preventive tillage equipment.

SUBSTANCE: erosion-preventive tillage tool has frame with rolling supporting mechanism. Tillage devices are fixed on frame so as to cut furrows and place stubble brushes therein. Batteries mounted on frame are formed as bearing members with disk-type working devices pivotally fixed and designed for undercutting of soil top layer in conjunction with stubble and forming brushes. Disk-type working devices are arranged at both sides of longitudinal axis of tillage tool, at an angle thereto. Tillage devices are formed as mellowing-undercutting hoes for shallow soil tillage. Furrows are formed by means of furrow cutting devices mounted on tines of outer tilling, mellowing and undercutting hoes. Furrow cutting devices are independently adjusted with regard to furrow depth within soil tillage depth provided by mellowing and undercutting hoes. Bearing members are arranged at both sides of longitudinal axis of tillage tool, at an angle thereto so that its apex is directed toward front part of tillage tool. Bearing members are mounted on tillage tool frame so that angle of attack of disk-type working devices may be adjusted. Brushes whose bases are placed into two longitudinal furrows are finally formed by adjacent passes of tillage tool.

EFFECT: increased erosion-preventive resistance of plow land and reduced consumption of power.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to tools for anti-erosion tillage.

Known tool to combat soil erosion [USSR copyright certificate No. 396101, class. АВВ 13/16, 49/02, application No. 1723897 dated 10.12.71, publ. in BI, No. 36, 08/29/73], containing a frame with a support wheel, on the beam of which plow bodies are fixed, the rear of which is made with a shortened blade, and the adjacent one with a subsoiler. A frame is mounted on the plow frame from the side of the uncultivated field, to which a battery with disk working bodies mounted on the axes is attached at an angle to the direction of movement. Battery disks are located one from another with a step that ensures the transfer of the cut layer from the disk to another disk, in the direction of the furrow formed by the plow body with a subsoiler. The disk battery is attached to the plow frame with the ability to independently copy the soil surface. Behind the battery are supporting wheels having a mechanism for adjusting the depth of travel.

The disadvantages of this known tool is that the copying of the soil surface is performed by the entire disk battery, without the possibility of individual copying of the soil surface by each disk working body of the battery, this leads to insufficient copying of the field surface of the disk battery and unsatisfactory separation of the soil between the disks during transportation of the trimmed top layer soil with stubble, because of this, the stubble roll (rocker) has a low permeability, due to the high content of soil in it and in In connection with this, arable land has a low erosion resistance. The plow bodies installed on the implement’s frame and the presence of a subsoiler on one of the plow bodies do not allow fine treatment of the upper soil layer, this leads to a significant increase in the energy consumption of the implement and does not fully protect the soil from erosion.

A tool for anti-erosion tillage is also known [USSR copyright certificate No. 1796083, cl. АВВ 13/16, 49/02, application No. 4884607 from 11/22/90, publ. in BI, No. 7, 02/23/93], containing a frame, a support wheel, plow bodies mounted on a frame beam, one of the plow bodies having a shortened blade, and a plow body with a subsoiler in front of it. A supporting element is mounted on the plow frame with clamps with disk working bodies pivotally mounted on racks for cutting the upper soil layer together with the stubble and stacking them in rolls (wings). The supporting element has the ability to move along the beam of the frame with plow bodies and change the angle of attack of the disk working bodies.

The disadvantage of this known tool is that the roll (rocker) is laid in one furrow formed by a body with a subsoiler, while in the spring, with intensive snowmelt, part of the water moves down the slope, falling into the roller (rocker). Water fills the pores of stubble and is partially absorbed into the soil, while fine earth, as a heavier fraction, settles in the furrow, as in a sump, gradually filling it. After filling the furrow, water seeps through the roll (backstage) and approaches the next roll downstairs (backstage), increasing the flow of water. In this case, the surface runoff and soil erosion increase from roll to roll, and the process acquires an avalanche-like character. Therefore, on the slopes, with intense snowmelt, one furrow under the base of the roll (wings) is not enough for reliable erosion resistance of arable land. Plow bodies and a subsoiler mounted on the implement’s frame do not allow fine tillage of the upper soil layer, this leads to a significant increase in the energy consumption of the implement and does not fully protect the soil from erosion.

The closest technical solution (prototype) to the proposed is a tool for anti-erosion tillage [patent of the Russian Federation No. 2125778, cl. АВВ 13/16, 49/02, application No. 97111523 from 07/08/97, publ. 02.10.99], containing a frame with a support wheel, on which working bodies are fixed in the form of plow bodies, the rear of which is made with a shortened blade, and the adjacent one with a subsoiler, and two disk batteries made in the form of load cells with pivotally fixed disk working bodies, one of which is placed in front of the plow bodies and installed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the implement, and the second disk battery is installed relative to this axis at an angle, the apex of which is directed towards the rear of the implement, while the housing with a shortened blade is shifted back relative to the body with a subsoiler.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that the stubble roll (drawstring) is laid in one furrow formed by a body with a subsoiler and is closed on top of the soil, this leads to siltation of the crop residues of the stub roll (backstage) by the soil, which reduces its porosity, water absorption and, therefore, anti-erosion arable land stability. This is especially evident with intense snowmelt and the presence of an ice crust on the surface of the arable land. Such conditions are created at high daytime temperatures and night frosts. The plow bodies installed on the implement frame do not allow fine continuous processing of the top soil layer, and the presence of a subsoiler on one of the plow bodies leads to a significant increase in the energy consumption of the implement and does not provide reliable protection of the soil from erosion.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the erosion resistance of arable land while reducing the energy intensity of the gun.

The technical result is achieved in the proposed tool for anti-erosion treatment of the soil, containing a frame with a support rolling mechanism, on which are fixed tillage working bodies with the possibility of formation of grooves for laying stubble wings, batteries made in the form of load-bearing elements with articulated fastening, cutting the upper soil layer together with the stubble and the wings forming the disk working bodies located on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the gun and at an angle to it, so that on the frame of the gun tilling tillage working bodies are made in the form of loosening-cutting paws for shallow tillage, and the formation of furrows is performed by furrow-forming machines installed on the racks of the extreme tillage loosening-cutting paws, autonomously adjustable in the depth of travel in the soil within the depth of the tillage by loosening-cutting paws, and load-bearing elements are located on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the gun and at an angle to it so that its top faces the front of the gun, with the wings, the basics of which are laid in two longitudinal grooves, finally formed when adjacent unit passages, furthermore, supporting elements mounted on the frame gun to vary the angle of attack of disc working elements.

In this case, the support rolling mechanism is better to perform in the form of two support wheels located on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the implement in front of the extreme tillage loosening-cutting legs.

The proposed set of essential features of the proposed tool for anti-erosion tillage provides the following technical processes: performing small subsurface loosening of the soil with the formation of furrows, simultaneously cutting the top layer of soil along with the stubble and forming from the cut stubble, mixed with soil, the wings, the bases of which are laid in two longitudinal furrows, the depth of which is within the depth of shallow subsurface loosening of the soil.

The features of the invention are in the following causal connection with the achieved technical result.

Since in the proposed tool for anti-erosion tillage, the frame is equipped with tillage working bodies made in the form of loosening-cutting paws for shallow tillage, moreover, furrow-forming machines are installed on the racks of the extreme tillage loosening-cutting paws, which are adjustable according to the travel depth in the soil within the processing depth the soil with loosening-cutting legs, and the supporting elements are located on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the implement and at an angle to it so that its top is facing the front parts of the implement and, in addition, since the supporting elements are mounted on the implement’s frame with the possibility of changing the angle of attack of the disk working bodies, and the support rolling mechanism can be made in the form of two support wheels located on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the implement in front of the extreme tillage loosening trimming paws, then in comparison with the known implement (prototype) during the work of the proposed tool for anti-erosion tillage, small subsurface loosening of the soil is performed with the formation of furrows, without additional deep loosening of subsoiler and the simultaneous formation of an undercut plowing wings, mixed with the soil, which foundation is laid in two longitudinal grooves, the depth of which is within the depth of shallow subsurface soil loosening. This, in comparison with the known implement (prototype), provides an increase in the erosion resistance of arable land while reducing the energy intensity of the implement by increasing the erosion resistance of the wings, the base of which fits into two furrows, each of which creates an additional obstacle to the drain of melt water and soil erosion.

The proposed tool for anti-erosion tillage is illustrated in figures 1-4. Figure 1 presents a diagram of the proposed tools for anti-erosion tillage; figure 2 is a fragment of a bearing element with disk working bodies, view A, given in figure 1; figure 3 - the rack of the loosening-cutting working body with adjustable furrow depth in the soil in the soil, view B, given in figure 1; figure 4 schematically shows a cross section of a layer of soil treated with the proposed tool.

The proposed tool for anti-erosion tillage contains a frame 1 on which there is a supporting rolling mechanism 2 with adjustment mechanisms 3 for the depth of tillage, loosening-cutting legs 4 for shallow tillage, and on the racks of the extreme loosening-cutting legs 4 there are furrow-forming machines 5, independently adjustable according to the depth of the course in the soil, within the tillage depth (h) -6 of the soil with loosening-cutting legs 4, using the adjustment holes 7; right 8 and left 9 load-bearing elements mounted at an angle to the longitudinal axis 10 of the gun, the top of which is directed to its front part, pivotally mounted on leashes 11, by means of axes 12, with a step (t) -13 between each other, right 14 and left 15 disk working bodies. The right 8 and left 9 load-bearing elements are fixed on the gun frame 1 with brackets 16 with the possibility of changing the angle of attack (β) -17 of the disk working bodies 14 and 15 using screw mechanisms 18. The right 14 and left 15 disk working bodies are additionally connected to the supporting elements 8 and 9, springs 19, the tension of the springs 19 is regulated by screws 20. The depth of cutting of the upper soil layer is limited by the disk working bodies, 14 and 15, by means of adjusting bolts 21.

The support rolling mechanism 2 in the proposed tool for anti-erosion tillage is best performed in the form of two support wheels located on both sides of the longitudinal axis 10 of the implement in front of the extreme tillage loosening-cutting legs 4.

The tool for anti-erosion tillage works as follows. Before the implement’s work, the furrow-forming machine 5 is independently adjusted for the depth of travel in the soil, within the tillage depth (h) -6 of the soil with loosening-cutting paws 4, with the help of the adjustment holes 7, and the angle of attack (β) -17 of the disk working bodies 14 is set 14 and 15, by means of screw mechanisms 18. When the unit moves along the field, the loosening-cutting legs 4 for fine cultivation loosen the soil without turning the formation to a depth of 8 to 16 cm, while the furrowers 5 located on the racks of the extreme loosening-cutting legs 4 , two furrows 22 are formed along the longitudinal axis 10 of the implement, the depth of the furrows 22 is within the depth (h) -6 of shallow soil loosening. At the same time, the right 14 and left 15 disk working bodies under the influence of their own weight and the additional load created by the springs 19, are deepened and, rotating under the influence of the soil reaction, cut the top layer of the soil together with the stubble. As a result of the fact that the disk working bodies, 14 and 15, are mounted on the supporting elements 8 and 9, with a step (t) -13 and at an angle of attack (β) -17, the cut mass is transported from one disk working body to another in the furrows 22, done by furrow generators 5. The drawstring 23, the base of which is laid in two longitudinal grooves 22, is finally formed during adjacent passages of the unit. As a result of the technological process, shallow subsurface tillage is performed, and at the same time, side scenes 23 located across the slope are formed, with the base of each side scenes 23 laid in two longitudinal grooves 22, the depth of which does not exceed the processing depth (h) -6 of the upper soil layer. Formed backstage 23, towering above the surface of the soil, help prevent soil erosion during snowmelt and rainfall.

In the case when the support rolling mechanism 2 is made in the form of two support wheels located on both sides of the longitudinal axis 10 of the implement in front of the extreme tillage loosening-cutting legs 4, a uniform depth of travel in the soil of the loosening-cutting legs 4 is ensured.

The proposed tool for anti-erosion tillage in comparison with the prototype allows to increase the erosion resistance of arable land while reducing the energy intensity of the implement.

Claims (2)

1. A tool for anti-erosion tillage, containing a frame with a support rolling mechanism, on which the soil-cultivating working bodies are fixed with the possibility of forming furrows for laying stubble wings in them, batteries made in the form of load-bearing elements with articulated fasteners that cut the top layer of soil together with the stubble and disk working bodies forming the wings, located on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the gun and at an angle to it, characterized in that the tillage working bodies are made in the form loosening-cutting paws for shallow tillage, and the formation of furrows is carried out by furrow-forming machines installed on the racks of the extreme tillage loosening-cutting paws, autonomously adjustable by the stroke depth in the soil within the depth of the soil cultivation by loosening-cutting paws, and the supporting elements are located on both sides of the longitudinal the axis of the gun and at an angle to it so that its top is facing the front of the gun, while the wings, the base of which are laid in two longitudinal grooves, finally form comfort at adjacent unit passages, furthermore, supporting elements mounted on the frame gun to vary the angle of attack of disc working elements. 2. The implement according to claim 1, characterized in that the support rolling mechanism is made in the form of two support wheels located on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the implement in front of the extreme tillage loosening-cutting legs.

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