RU2283559C1 - Tillage tool for graded tillage of soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment for tillage of soil in layers.

SUBSTANCE: tillage tool has carrier system made in the form of rigid rectangular frame, batteries of disk-type working tools, flat moldboardless working tool, and additional working tool. Batteries of disk-type working tools are mounted on frame through resilient hanger. Disk-type working tools are equipped with three recesses whose height parameters are defined from the following dependence: H=R_d-(r_l+h), where H is height of recess, mm; R_d is radius of disk-type working tool; r_l is radius of lower edge of recess, mm; h is constructional parameter, width of disk-type working tool, mm. Additional working tool is made in the form of paired rolls. Square bars are mounted on disks of first roll, circumferentially and in parallel with its axis. Round bars are fixed on disks of second roll at an angle to its axis. Additional working tool is equipped with spring-loaded adjustment mechanism and is pivotally connected with frame through carriers.

EFFECT: increased efficiency by providing soil tillage so that stubble is kept for preventing erosion processes and improved crumbling quality of soil crumbs.

8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to tillage implements with a tiered arrangement of working bodies.

Known tillage unit [1] with a disk-plane-cutting system for layer-by-layer tillage, including a frame on which are located plane-cutting, disk working bodies and additional working bodies.

The disadvantages of the known machine include the fact that while loosening by disk-plane working bodies, there is significant rejection and displacement of soil from the periphery to the longitudinal axis of the unit, while the outermost discs of the batteries form grooves. To level the treated soil surface, a leveling and sealing system of working bodies is used, which increases not only the machine's length, but also increases the energy and material consumption of the process of preparing the soil for winter crops.

A tool for subsurface tillage [2] is known, including a supporting system — a rigid rectangular frame on which disks are mounted, a flat-cutting subsurface working body and an additional working body.

The disadvantages of the known tool for moldless processing include the following: during the operation of this tool, crumbling of the soil is achieved (soil fractions <5 cm, only 74.0%, soil fractions> 5 cm - 26.0%).

To eliminate these drawbacks and achieve a technical result, batteries of disk working bodies on an elastic suspension bracket are installed on a rigid rectangular frame, equipped with three slots, the height parameters of which are determined by the following expression:

H = R _∂ - (r _n + h),

where H is the height of the slot, mm;

R _∂ is the radius of the spherical disk, mm;

r _n is the radius of the lower edge of the slot, mm;

h is the design parameter, the width of the knife of the disk working body, mm, and the additional working body is made in the form of paired rollers: on the disks of the first roller are placed square rods located on the periphery parallel to its axis, and on the second - round rods at an angle to its axis, and the roller unit is equipped with a spring-loaded adjustment mechanism and pivotally connected to the implement frame through leashes.

The installation of disc batteries with an elastic suspension on a rigid rectangular frame provides a more complete destruction of weeds in the upper layer and creates favorable conditions for the work of not only flat-cutting subsurface working bodies, but also for the successful operation of the roller unit.

Crafting three slots on a spherical disk reduces the lateral component of the reaction forces on the disk, reduces traction resistance, and reduces the rejection of the formation. It can be seen from the above expression that, for H <R _∂ - (r _n + h), the technological indicators decrease and the energy indicators increase, and for H> R _∂ - (r _n + h) the reliability of the disk decreases.

The implementation of the additional working body in the form of a roller unit allows not only compaction of the loosened layer with disks and flat cutting subsurface working body, but also at the same time level the soil surface.

Placing square rods on the disks of the first skating rink along their periphery parallel to its axis allows not only additional loosening of the soil, but also compaction of the soil at a depth below 5 cm.

Placing round rods on the disks of the second roller at the periphery of the disk at an angle to its axis allows you to perform operations such as increasing the uniformity of soil compaction at a depth of more than 5 cm, mulching the top layer and leveling the surface, since when the rods are located at an angle to the axis of the roller, the movement of soil forward by rods, and the displacement of soil lumps to the sides of the line of movement.

Figure 1 shows a tool for layer-by-layer tillage, side view.

Figure 2 presents the technological process of soil treatment by the working bodies of the tool.

On. figure 3 shows a disk battery with disk working bodies on an elastic suspension: a - side view, b - rear view.

Figure 4 shows a spherical slotted disk: a - top view, b - side view.

Figure 5 shows the General types of rollers: a - with square, b - with round rods.

On a rigid rectangular frame 1 - the carrying system of the guns, batteries of disk working bodies 2 are mounted on an elastic suspension - racks 3 and a flat-cutting bladeless working body 4 with a rack 5, and, with the possibility of movement, paired rollers 6, 7 connected to the frame via a spring-loaded screw mechanism adjustments 8. A hinge plate is mounted on top of the frame 1. 9. Disk working bodies 2 are equipped with three slots 10, the height parameters of which are determined by the following expression:

H = R _∂ - (r _n + h),

where H is the height of the slot, mm;

R _∂ is the radius of the spherical disk, mm;

r _n is the radius of the lower edge of the slot, mm;

h is a design parameter, the width of the knife of the disk working body, mm

Paired rollers 6, 7 are pivotally connected to the frame 1 through a leash 11 and connected to it through a spring-loaded screw adjustment mechanism 8, the springs of which are made in the form of spherical washers 12 located on the screws. The roller 6 of the first row has an axis 13 with disks 14 on which square rods 15 are located on their periphery parallel to the axis 13 of the roller 6. The roller 7 of the second row has an axis 16 and disks 17 on which round rods 18 are located on the periphery at an angle to axis 16 .

The gun works as follows.

When moving across the field, discs 2 with a knife cut the formation at a set depth. In the presence of an elastic suspension, the disks vibrate and the trimmed layer enters the working surface, crumbles and through the slots 10 a small part of the soil layer wakes up and the size of the layer decline decreases.

Treated with a spherical disk 2 with slots 10, the soil layer is deepened by a flat cutting subsurface working body 4, while crushing of the lower part of the formation, continuous cutting of weeds occurs.

Complete leveling of the arable land surface, the formation of a compacted layer at a depth below 5 cm, mulching of the loosened layer is performed by twin rollers 6, 7 with square rods 15 and round rods 18. The quality of crumbling, compaction and mulching is achieved by changing the immersion of the rods in the loosened layer by means of a spring-loaded screw adjustment mechanism 8 of their travel depths.

When the tool is operated by the proposed set of working bodies, up to 40% of the stubble is preserved on the field surface, which increases the wind-water resistance of the arable land surface, therefore, the environmental situation is not disturbed in the gun’s application area.

Information sources

1. Kirichenko A.S., Zemlyanskaya D.P., Taranin V.I. On the agrotechnical assessment of the tillage unit for soil preparation for winter crops // Sat. works on mechanization and electrification of agricultural production. Issue VI. Rostov-on-Don. - Zernograd. 1969. S.95-103.

2. Lisyutin V.P., Taranin V.I. On the issue of creating tools for subsurface processing of erosion-hazardous soils in the Southern Steppe zone // Mechanization and Electrification of Agricultural Production. Issue 13. Zernograd. - 1970. S.193-198.

Claims (1)

A tool for layer-by-layer soil cultivation, including a supporting system — a rigid rectangular frame, batteries of disk working bodies, a flat cutting non-moldable working body, an additional working body, characterized in that the batteries of disk working bodies are mounted on the frame on an elastic suspension, and the disk working bodies are equipped with three slots, whose height parameters are determined by the following expression: H = R _∂ - (r _n + h), where H is the height of the slot, mm; R _∂ is the radius of the disk working body, mm; r _n is the radius of the lower edge of the slot, mm; h is a design parameter, the width of the knife of the disk working body, mm, and the additional working body is made in the form of paired rollers, on the disks of the first of which are mounted square rods located at the periphery parallel to its axis, and on the disks of the second - round rods at an angle to its axis, the additional working body is equipped with a spring-loaded adjustment mechanism and is connected with frame articulated through leashes.

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