RU2433581C2 - Plough - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: plough comprises frames with ploughshares and mouldboards, draw bars, beams, blocks, knives, a hinged device, shock absorbers, chains, left ploughshares. Each frame draw bar has a draw bar bracket and an arched bracket welded to it, and two arcs with coaxial holes are welded to them. The profile of holes in arcs complies with the profile of the left ploughshare base, but slant angles are slightly less than the slant angles of the left ploughshare base. The left ploughshare is inserted with its base into the necessary pair of arc holes at the sharp angle to the direction of movement and is fixed with a stop. The base of the left ploughshare is raised and turned relative to its working part. Also a bracket of a stabilising device is welded to the draw bar bracket with bearings installed in it, where there is an axis with a twisting spring. There is a spherical roller and two combs with teeth installed on the axis. On the hinged device there is a draw bar fixator hingedly installed and controlled with a pneumatic chamber.

EFFECT: structural design will make it possible to increase stability of ploughshare frame travel in a horizontal plane, and also to increase quality of ploughing.

10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices in the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to tools for basic tillage, and can be used for plowing all types of old arable soils with a resistivity of not more than 90 kPa.

The plow is not intended for plowing:

a) virgin and fallow lands, as well as re-compacted heavy soils with a resistivity of more than 90 kPa;

b) soils littered with trees and shrubs;

c) stony soils;

g) with devices for deepening the arable horizon and loosening the subsurface compacted layer.

Known plow (patent RU No. 2335107, 2008), adopted for the prototype, containing hulls with plowshares and dumps, leads, ridges, shoes, knives, attachments, shock absorbers, chains, with an additional ploughshare attached to each housing on the left, located under acute angle to the direction of movement with the possibility of its regulation by rotation around the hinge of fastening. But with this method of regulation, a change in the position of the left share of the previous body affects the stability of the stroke in the horizontal plane of the subsequent body.

In addition, a plow body is known for combined plowing of compacted soils (patent RU No. 2031559, 1995), in which an additional left share with a bulge facing up is installed on the side of the field edge. The disadvantages of this design are the position of the ploughshare at right angles to the direction of movement of the plow, which is not optimal from the standpoint of energy conservation, as well as the rigid fastening of the left ploughshare, which does not allow its regulation depending on the resistivity of the soil.

The objective of the invention is to improve the stability of the plow bodies in the horizontal plane and the quality of plowing the soil, as well as ensuring ease of removal and installation of the left share.

The problem is solved in that the proposed plow for balancing the lateral horizontal forces acting on the hulls when plowing, has adjustable left shares for each body on the left at an angle to the direction of movement, and the positions of the left shares are changed by turning relative to their ends. In addition, a stabilizing device is installed, and the leash of the first body can be rigidly fixed relative to the mounted device when laying the first furrow. These decisions stabilize the movement of the unit.

New significant features:

- a lead bracket and an arcuate bracket are welded to the leash of each body, and two arcs with coaxial holes are welded to them, and the profile of the holes in the arches corresponds to the profile of the base of the left share, but the bevel angles are slightly smaller than the bevel angles of the base of the left share

- the left ploughshare is inserted with its base into the desired pair of openings of the arcs at an acute angle to the direction of movement and is fixed by a stop, the base of the left ploughshare raised and rotated relative to its working part;

- the arm of the stabilizing device with bearings installed in it is also welded to the arm of the leash, an axis with a torsion spring is located in them, and a spherical roller and two combs with teeth are mounted on the axis;

- on the attachment, a leash clamp, controlled by a pneumatic chamber, is pivotally mounted.

The listed new essential features are sufficient in all cases to which the requested scope of legal protection applies.

The combination of known and distinctive essential features of the inventive plow is not known from the prior art and does not follow from it in an obvious way.

A new technical result is that the use of this plow improves the quality of plowing the soil.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a first housing, side view; figure 2 shows a diagram of a plow, top view; figure 3 is a view A, a diagram of a device for controlling a change in the position of the left share relative to the body and a device for automatically stabilizing the position of the body when plowing; figure 4 - view B, left ploughshare; figure 5 - view, fixing the left share; figure 6 is a section GG; Fig.7 is a section DD; Fig. 8 is a view E, a diagram of an automatic stabilization device.

The plow (1, 2) contains an attachment 1, to which ridges 3 are connected through horizontal hinges 2. The movement of the ridges in the vertical plane relative to the attachment is limited upward by the shock absorbing devices 4, down - by chains 5. To the ridges are connected via vertical hinges 6 leads 7, to which fasteners 8 of the right shares 15 and dumps 9 are welded, a lead bracket 13, an arc-shaped bracket 28 (Fig. 3), and two arcs 14 to these brackets. Knives are pivotally mounted in the ridges (Figs. 1, 2) 16, and leaned to come n and the shoes 17. To the attachment through the hinge 20 attached to the latch retainer 18 of the first body, controlled by the pneumatic chamber 19.

In the openings of the arcs (Figs. 3, 5, 6, 7), left plowshares 11 are installed, on the one hand the stop 22 is welded to the bases, and on the other, stoppers 21 are installed.

The bracket of the stabilizing device 26 (FIGS. 3, 8) with bearings 25 installed in it is also welded to each bracket of the leash. They have an axis 24 with a torsion spring 23, and a spherical roller 12 and two combs 10 with teeth 29 are mounted on the axis. giving rigidity to the combs welded scarves 27 and brace 30.

The left share (Fig. 4) in cross section has the form of a parallelogram with bevel angles α. The base of the left share is raised relative to its working part to a height h and rotated by an angle δ. In the arcs there are coaxial holes (Fig. 5), the plane of which is also rotated through an angle δ. The profile of the holes corresponds to the profile of the base of the left share, but the bevel angles α 'are slightly smaller than the bevel angles α of the base of the left share. Depending on the properties of the cultivated soil, each left ploughshare is inserted with the base into a pair of holes against the stop in the internal arc at the desired angle γ (Fig. 3) to the direction of movement, and then fixed with a stopper (Figs. 5, 6, 7) on the outer arc, inserting it into the groove of the base of the left share (shown by arrow). The planes K of the groove and stopper (Fig. 6) are made not perpendicular to the left share, but at an angle β, so the stopper seizes the share in the openings of the arcs. In addition, from the soil resistance, the left ploughshare, due to the difference in the angles α and α '(Fig. 5), is wedged in the slopes of the W arcs during operation. To remove the left ploughshare, simply hit the hammer on it in the direction opposite to the plow when plowing, wedge the ploughshare in slopes Ж, then wedge the stopper with a hammer and remove the left ploughshare. This installation of the left ploughshare contributes to its rapid rearrangement or replacement, in addition, it provides adjustment of its position by rotation relative to point C (Fig.3) of the end of the left ploughshare. With this installation method, adjusting the position of the left share of one plow body does not affect the operation of other bodies.

To prevent the first housing from laying to the side when laying the first furrow, the machine operator directs compressed air from the tractor's pneumatic system to the pneumatic chamber. The rod of the pneumatic chamber acts on the retainer of the leash and stops the first housing from oscillations in the horizontal plane relative to the attachment. The driver at the beginning of the rut lowers the plow hinged device using the tractor hydraulic system and the plow bodies are buried under the action of gravity and shock absorbing devices. Excessive deviations of the hulls from the direction of movement of the unit, caused by fluctuations in the physical and mechanical properties of soils during plowing, eliminates the stabilizing device. With the correct installation of left plowshares for a given soil, the direction of the plow leash corresponds to the direction of movement of the aggregate (Fig. 8, a), the teeth of the combs do not affect the soil. When the soil properties change and the leash is deflected to the right (Fig. 8, b), the spherical roller, pressed by the torsion spring to the furrow wall, deviates to the left, turning the combs. In this case, the teeth of the upper comb, crashing into the wall of the furrow, create a counter moment relative to the vertical hinge, returning the leash together with the body to a position corresponding to the direction of movement of the unit. When the leash is deflected to the left (Fig. 8, c), the spherical roller is deflected to the right. In this case, the teeth of the lower comb, crashing into the bottom of the furrow, create a counter moment relative to the vertical hinge, returning the leash together with the body to its original position. At the end of the rut, the operator lifts the attachment, and the hulls are deepened.

After laying the first furrow, the operator turns off the supply of compressed air to the pneumatic chamber. The spring of the air chamber lifts the leash retainer, releasing the leash of the first housing. The rest of the work of the plow does not differ from that described in patent RU No. 2335107, 2008.

Claims (1)

A plow containing hulls with plowshares and dumps, leashes, ridges, shoes, knives, attachments, shock absorbers, chains, left plowshares, characterized in that the leash bracket and an arc-shaped bracket are welded to the leash of each case, and two arcs with coaxial holes, moreover, the profile of the holes in the arches corresponds to the profile of the base of the left share, but the bevel angles are slightly smaller than the bevel angles of the base of the left share, the left share is inserted with its base into the desired pair of hole openings at an acute angle to the direction of movement and fixed by a stopper, the base of the left ploughshare raised and turned relative to its working part, the arm of the stabilizing device with bearings installed in it, in which an axis with a torsion spring is located, and a spherical roller and two combs with teeth are mounted on the axis of the arm, in addition, on the attachment, a leash latch controlled by a pneumatic chamber is pivotally mounted.

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