RU2335107C2 - Plough - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: plough consists of frames with coulters and mouldboards, draw bars, beams, shoes, knives, hitch, damping devices, chains. Each plough frame is fitted with additional coulter on the left. The additional coulter is sloped at an acute angle to the line of motion with the possibility to adjust coverage by rotating it around mounting hinge. Mouldboard upper parts with curvature radius of 180 mm are fixed to draw bars. Frames are connected to beams through the draw bars and lag hinges with the possibility of rotating in relation to the beams. Each beam is equipped with a shoe and vertical knife. Back parts of the shoes are connected to the knives by hinges, pushers and cranks to ensure automatic adjustment of knife penetration into the soil depending on pressure on the shoes with cutting angle alteration. Each beam is connected to hitch by flapping hinges and is placed at the distance of 0.04 - 0.1 m from the soil surface depending on ploughing depth. Adjustable damping devices are put between each beam and hitch. Angles of rotating beams down in relation to the hitch are limited by chains, and those of rotating up - by running of damping devices.

EFFECT: improvement of quality of soil ploughed with reducing energy consumption.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices in the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to tools for basic tillage, and can be used for plowing all types of old arable soils with a resistivity of not more than 90 kPa.

The plow is not intended for plowing:

a) virgin and fallow lands, as well as re-compacted heavy soils with a resistivity of more than 90 kPa;

b) soils littered with trees and shrubs;

c) stony soils;

g) with devices for deepening the arable horizon and loosening the subsurface compacted layer.

Ploughshare plows PLN-3-35, PLN-4-35, etc., are currently being produced, whose quality of work and the energy intensity of plowing do not meet modern requirements.

Known plow with adjustable installation of buildings (autosw. SU No. 1090273, АВВ 15/14; АВВ 15/02, 1984), selected for the prototype, in which, in order to reduce traction resistance, the rack of each plow body is mounted on the frame by means of a vertical hinge and connected to the shoe by a horizontal hinge. The disadvantages of this plow are a slight increase in weight in comparison with a commercially available plow, as well as the presence of a complex articulated lever system that reduces the reliability of the arable unit.

In addition, a plow body is known for combined plowing of compacted soils (patent RU 2031559 C1, A01B 17/00, 15/02, 15/18, 1995), in which an additional left ploughshare with a bulge facing up is installed on the side of the field edge. The disadvantages of this design are the position of the share at right angles to the direction of movement of the plow, which is not optimal from the standpoint of energy conservation, as well as the rigid fastening of the left share, which does not allow adjusting its working width depending on the specific resistance of the soil.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality and reduce the energy intensity of plowing the soil, as well as reducing the weight of the plow while maintaining its strength.

The problem is solved in that the proposed plow for balancing the transverse horizontal forces acting on the body when plowing, instead of field boards to each body on the left at an angle to the direction of movement, additional adjustable plowshares are installed, and to balance the excess vertical deepening forces instead of the support wheel on each automatically adjustable knives with shoes are installed at an angle to the direction of movement. These solutions repeatedly reduce the passive resistance to movement of the unit caused by the friction of the field boards against the soil, the friction of the lower parts of the housings against the subsurface compacted layer, and the rolling force of the support wheel. To give the desired trajectory to the soil layers, the upper left parts of the dumps have a smaller radius of curvature in comparison with serial half-screw and cultural dumps, and the additional fastening of each dump to the leash significantly increases the rigidity and strength of the structure without significantly increasing its weight.

Instead of the plow frame, the hulls are connected via vertical hinges with ridges, and ridges are joined by horizontal hinges with a hinged device. The low location of the ridges relative to the surface of the soil reduces the magnitude of the bending and torques that occur in the plow during plowing. The hinged installation of the hulls relative to the ridges and the hills relative to the attachment allows the hulls to bypass stones and other obstacles through rotation in vertical and horizontal hinges. These measures make it possible to reduce the weight of the plow without reducing its strength.

New significant features:

- an additional share is attached to each plow body on the left, located at an acute angle to the direction of movement with the possibility of adjusting the working width by turning it around the mounting hinge;

- the left upper parts of the dumps have a radius of curvature of 180 mm and are fixed to leashes;

- the hulls are connected to the ridges through leashes and vertical hinges with the possibility of rotation relative to the ridges;

- a shoe and a vertical knife are installed on each bed, while the rear parts of the shoes are connected to the knives by hinges, pushers and cranks to ensure automatic adjustment of the penetration of the knives into the soil depending on the pressure on the shoes with a change in the cutting angle;

- each bed is connected to the hitch by means of horizontal hinges;

- beds are located at a distance of 0.04 - 0.1 m from the soil surface, depending on the depth of plowing;

- adjustable damping devices are installed between each bed and the attachment, and the rotation angles of the beds relative to the attachment are limited when turning down the chains, and up - by the course of the damping devices.

The listed new essential features are sufficient in all cases to which the requested scope of legal protection applies.

The combination of known and distinctive essential features of the inventive plow is not known from the prior art and does not follow from it in an obvious way.

A new technical result consists in the fact that the use of this plow improves the quality of cutting soil layers during plowing and reduces the energy consumption of this operation in connection with a decrease in the traction resistance of the plow. A significant advantage is also the reduction in the weight of the plow while maintaining its strength.

Figure 1 shows a side view of one housing with a leash, knife, shoe, bed and shock absorbing device; figure 2 shows a diagram of a plow, top view; figure 3 - device for regulating the depth of plowing by changing the position of the shoe relative to the ridge and automatic control of the position of the knife depending on the pressure of the soil on the shoe, view of the plow on the right; figure 4 - scheme of deepening and deepening the plow; 5 is a diagram of a plow overcoming obstacles.

The plow (1, 2) contains an attachment 1, to which ridges are connected through horizontal hinges 2. The movement of the ridges in a vertical plane relative to the attachment is limited upward by the shock absorbing devices 4, down - by chains 5. To the ridges are connected via vertical hinges 6 leashes 7, to which the fasteners 8 of the right shares 15 and dumps 9 are welded, as well as the hinges of the fastenings 13 of the holders of the left shares 10. The holders of the left shares 11 are attached to the holders at an acute angle (approximately at an angle in the range of 15-75 degrees o) to the direction of movement of the plow. The holders in the mounting hinges are fixed with nuts 12. On the inner shoulders of the holders there are protrusions that enter into the grooves on the arches 14 welded to the fastening elements of the right shares and dumps, which allows you to change the installation angles of the left shares to the direction of movement of the unit. Knives 16 are pivotally mounted in the ridges, and the ridges rest on the shoes 17. The shoes (Fig. 3) in front of the hinges 23 are connected to the uprights 20, by moving which, in brackets 21 welded to the ridges, the plowing depth is established. The racks are fixed with screws 22. At the rear, the hinges 24 are connected to adjustable pushers 19, the pushers are connected to cranks 18. Knives are fixed at opposite ends of the cranks.

The machine operator at the beginning of the rut lowers the attachment of the plow using the hydraulic system of the tractor (figa). Unlike existing plows, the plow bodies of the proposed plow are buried due to the appearance of rear negative inclination angles of plowshares α, as well as under the influence of shock absorbing devices. At the end of the rut, the operator lifts the attachment and the hulls have positive rear tilt plows β (Fig. 4b). The hulls are smoothed along the paths determined by these angles, which prevents the occurrence of excessive loads on the elements of the plow during trenching. After deepening, further raising of the plow bodies is carried out on chains. When hitting a stone or other obstacle with the right ploughshare, blade or left ploughshare, the body rotates around a vertical hinge (figa, b) at an angle necessary to bypass the obstacle. Since the swing axis of the hinge is located in front of the share of the share, during movement a moment is created that returns the body after bypassing the obstacle to its previous position. When hitting a recessed obstacle (Fig. 5c), the housing, together with the bed, rotates upward around horizontal hinges. After overcoming the obstacle, he returns to his former position due to the occurrence of a moment created due to the rear negative angle of inclination of the plowshares α and the efforts of the shock-absorbing device. When hitting an obstacle with a knife, the hull with the bed is lifted, turning on horizontal hinges. Thus, the plow elements are protected from accidental damage.

When moving, in order to avoid accidental damage, the machine operator shortens the chains. Moreover, to reduce the wear of the hinges, he secures the casing chains turned to the extreme right position relative to the ridges.

The following adjustments of the plow are provided: the width of the left plowshares, the depth of plowing, the depth of the knives, the efforts of shock absorbing devices, chain lengths.

Claims (1)

A plow containing bodies with plowshares and dumps, leads, ridges, shoes, knives, attachments, shock absorbers, chains, characterized in that each plow body has an additional share on the left, located at an acute angle to the direction of movement with the possibility of adjusting the working width by turning it around the mounting hinge, the upper parts of the dumps having a radius of curvature of 180 mm and secured to the leashes, while the bodies are connected to the ridges through leashes and vertical hinges with the possibility of the gate is relative to the beds, and on each bed there is a shoe and a vertical knife, while the back of the shoes is connected to the knives by hinges, pushers and cranks to automatically adjust the penetration of the knives into the soil depending on the pressure on the shoes with a change in the cutting angle, and each bed connected to the hinged device by means of horizontal hinges and located at a distance of 0.04 - 0.1 m from the soil surface, depending on the depth of plowing, and between each bed and hitch Twomey mounted adjustable damping device, while relative rotation angles gryadiley attachment limited when turning down circuits, and up - stroke cushioning devices.

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