RU2680954C1 - Seed planter-cultivator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used for minimal treatment and high-speed planting of various seeds, for example, cereal crops, leguminous crops and oilseeds or perennial grass. Seed planter-cultivator includes hitch 1, frame with side walls 2 on which the cutting units in the form of spherical disks 5 and 6 and support rollers 8, 9 are mounted in two rows with an offset. Power cylinder 18 is connected to rollers 8, 9 through lever 13, and with frame 2 through brackets 19. Adjusting rod 20 is connected to support rollers 8, 9 by lever 12, and with frame 2 through double-arm lever 21 by means of axis 22. Two shoulders lever 21 can be rotated around shaft 23 and through axis 24 is connected to pitch 25, which acts on lever 26 through axis 27. In lever 26, there are two holes 28, 29 for mounting hitch 1 in two positions and lever 26 is welded to pipe 30, on which lever 31 connecting pipe 26 with side wall 3 is rigidly mounted.EFFECT: invention provides simplification of the design of the seed planter-cultivator, which allows to quickly re-adjust the depth of treatment by rotating one nut of the main hydraulic cylinder.5 cl, 17 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for minimal tillage in tillage units, seeders or cultivators and for high-speed sowing of various products, for example, cereals, legumes and oilseeds or perennial herbs.

AGROMASH mechanical sowing complexes are known (see www.pk-aqromaster.ru). However, at high speeds, the coulters of the cultivator type break out due to the low resistance of the coulter paws. It is also difficult to adjust the working depth due to the complexity of the design.

Known seeder (see RU No. 2321976 IPC А01В 49/06, published on 04/20/2008), containing a frame with rolling bearings and loosening cutting spherical disks mounted at an angle of attack in the direction of movement.

The disadvantage of this analogue is the complexity of the design.

Also known is a semi-mounted seeder-cultivator, adopted for the prototype, containing longitudinal elements made in the form of cheeks that are connected to the transverse part (see RU 2573972 C2, A01B 49/06, publ. Bull. No. 3 from 01/27/2016) .

The disadvantage of the prototype is also the complexity of the design and the difficulty of adjusting the depth of processing.

The invention is aimed at simplifying the design.

To do this, in a seeder-cultivator containing a hitch connected with the frame, a device for adjusting the working depth, track rollers, a frame with longitudinal, in the form of cheeks, and a transverse element, on which the cutting units are mounted transversely in two rows in the form of angularly mounted on the uprights attacks and spherical disks freely rotating in the bearing units, while the second-row disks are mounted with an offset with respect to the first-row disks with an opposite angle of attack, on which brackets are mounted for swiveling with the frame the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder and the adjusting element of the plane-parallelism of the cutting units, and the support rollers freely rotating in their own supports are mounted on the wings, rigidly mounted on the transverse pipe and pivotally connected to the frame cheeks, while the levers are rigidly mounted on the pipe, one pivotally connected to the rod located above the frame with a screw, and the central lever is pivotally connected to the hydraulic cylinder, according to this proposal, two grooves are made in the lower part of the wings and in each of them, staggered, are fixed rollers in the form of two transverse rows, a shaft is additionally mounted on the frame, on which a two-arm lever is mounted, in the upper part it is pivotally connected to the rod with a screw, and in the lower part of the second shoulder, the rod connected to the front additional lever mounted on the additional pipe is articulated pivotally connected by levers with cheeks, while the front additional lever is pivotally connected to the hitch.

Cutting units can be installed in their own beams or pipes in blocks, for example, four cutting units in each block.

Track rollers can be installed two in front and seven in the rear, driven by a power hydraulic cylinder and mounted in two rows in the wings, regulated by traction with a screw, and there are four rear track rollers.

The seeder-cultivator may have additional traction pivotally connected to the frame and the beam, at the end of which a chain is attached to the chain, for example, a pipe.

The seeder-cultivator can be made three-section according to the scheme 2 × 2 × 2 or 2 × 3 × 2 with three bins.

In the future, the proposed technical solution is illustrated with a specific implementation with links to the figures, which show:

- in FIG. 1: right view of the cultivator;

- in FIG. 2: front view of the cultivator from the tractor side;

- in FIG. 3: top view of a cultivator;

- in FIG. 4: longitudinal section of the cultivator aa;

- in FIG. 5: longitudinal section of the cultivator BB;

- in Fig.6: right view of the seeder;

- in FIG. 7: section of seeder BB;

- in FIG. 8: front view of the seeder from the tractor side;

- in FIG. 9: seeder in isometry;

- in FIG. 10: isometric three-seeder;

- in FIG. 11: front view of a three-section seeder when the transport position is folded;

- in FIG. 12: three-section seeder in transport position in isometry;

- in FIG. 13: right view of the seed feed system in the seeder;

- in FIG. 14: seeder drive unit;

- in FIG. 15: wing hopper of a three-section seeder;

- in FIG. 16: view D for connecting the block of cutting units with the frame of the seeder-cultivator;

- in FIG. 17: view G on the connection of the block cutting units with the frame of the seeder-cultivator.

The seeder-cultivator contains a hitch 1 and a frame 2 with longitudinal elements in the form of cheeks 3 (see. Fig. 1 ... 10). For the longitudinal direction, the direction of movement of the tractor is taken.

The transverse part 4 is attached to the cheeks 3, and under the frame 2 two rows are transversely arranged - 5, 6 cutting units with spherical disks.

The frame 2 is supported by the front wheels 7, and by the rear wheels 8,9 connected to the pipe 10 through levers 11 mounted in the axes of the cheeks 3 with the possibility of swinging around the axis of the connection.

On the pipe 10, levers 12 and 13 and the wings 14 are welded, between which the rollers are located in two rows - front, 8 and rear - 9. To do this, the grooves are made in the wings 14 with holes 15, 16, in which the rollers 8 are fixed with bolts 17, 9.

The power hydraulic cylinder 18 is connected to the rollers 8.9 through the lever 13, and with the frame 2 through the brackets 19 (see Fig. 5). The adjusting rod 20 is connected to the track rollers 8.9 by a lever 12, and with the frame 2 through a two-arm lever 21 using the axis 22.

The two-arm lever 21 can be rotated around the shaft 23 and is connected through the axis 24 to the rod 25, which acts on the lever 26 through the axis 27. The lever 26 has two holes 28.29 for mounting the coupling 1 in two positions and the lever 26 is welded to the pipe 30 ( see Fig. 4), on which the lever 31 is rigidly mounted connecting the tube 26 with the cheek 3.

A trunk 32 is welded to the pipe 30, in which a freely rotating axis 33 is mounted, fixed with a nut and washer 34, 35 and rigidly connected to the U-shaped bracket 36, in which the support wheel 7 is mounted (see Fig. 2, 8, 11 )

On the transverse part 4 of the frame 2, plates 37 are mounted for attaching a liquid fertilizer tank or a seeder hopper. Also on the wings 11 mounted stand 38 for barrels with biota.

The lever 39 is connected to the cheek 3 and the beam 40, to which the chain 41 and the shortener 42 are attached (see. Fig. 1, 3, 9, 10, 12).

The cutting units 5, 6 are installed in the half cylinders 43 using pipes 44 in blocks of four cutting units in each block (see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).

On the transverse part 4, stops 45 are welded with clamps 46, between which flags 47 are mounted, rigidly mounted on pipes 44 (see Fig. 3, 16, 17), until the required holes are inserted into which the safety bolt is inserted (in the figures shown).

A screw 48 is made on the rod 20, and the lever 11 is rotatably connected to the jaw axis 49. The lever 26 is connected to the cheek 3 axis 50 also with the possibility of rotation around it.

The eyes 51 are installed on the pipe 10 (see Fig. 4 and Fig. 5), to which an additional transverse chain is suspended for crushing the cultivated soil (not shown in the figures).

The cultivator option was described above (see Fig. 1 ... 5), but the seed tubes 52 can be installed on the racks of the cutting unit blocks, and the shock absorbers 53 can be installed on the plates 37, and then an obturator wheel 54 can be installed that interacts with the support roller 8, from the wheel 54 with the cardan drive 55, transmit the rotation to the drive sprocket 56, from which the entire seed supply system 57 to the seed duct 52 will begin to work (see Fig. 6 ... 9).

Liquid fertilizer from barrel 58 may also be supplied to the seed tubes 52 via separate thin pipelines (not shown in the figures).

Seeds are supplied by dispenser 59 to the nozzles 60 of the vas deferens.

The front dispensers 59 are driven in rotation from the driven sprocket 61 through the hexagonal shaft 62, and the rear dispensers through the hexagonal shaft 63 (see Fig. 7).

The hopper 64 is mounted on shock absorbers 53 and is equipped with a cover 65 with a stop-handle 66. The cover 65 is made in the form of a tray and, when open, rests with a stop-handle 66 in the back of the hopper and seeds are loaded from it on the car body.

If, to the seeder shown in Fig. 9, through the connection nodes 67, mount two wings of seeders, made similarly as described above, and install hydraulic cylinders 68 for raising and lowering the wings, on which additional seed supply systems 69 are placed, then we will get an option of a wide-spread three-section seeder, according to the ends of which are installed folding markers 70.

Such a seeder can be executed according to the 2 × 2 × 2 or 2 × 3 × 2 scheme, where the sum of the digits indicates the working width, and each digit indicates the transverse length of each section. In the folded position, the transverse length allows the seeder to move freely along country roads, providing it with high maneuverability (see Fig. 11 and Fig. 12).

In the inventive device, the dispensers 59 raise the seeds from the hopper up, and then they are fed into the nozzles 60 of the vas deferens, so the direction of rotation of the dispensers front and rear rows counter.

After mounting the rolling wheel 54 on the lever 71, the cardan drive 55 is connected to the drive sprocket 56, which is connected via a chain drive to the driven sprocket 72 mounted on the hexagonal shaft 63 (see Figs. 7, 13, 14 and 15). On the same shaft 63 there is a drive sprocket 72 (see Fig. 15), which is installed outside the chain covering an additional sprocket 73 and a driven sprocket 74 (chains are not shown in the figures).

The drive sprocket 56 is mounted on the pendulum 75, by means of a bonkie 76 and a nut 77 welded to the pendulum 75, the first gear chain is tightened with a screw 78 (see Fig. 14).

The angle of inclination of the cutting units 5, 6 can be changed by turning the pipe 44 and aligning the holes 79 of the stop 45 and the latch 46 with the hole 80 of the flag 47 (see Fig. 16 and Fig. 17).

The seeder-cultivator operates as follows. Before use, configure the spherical disks. Namely, in the lowered position, the spherical discs of the cutting units of both rows 5 6 must simultaneously touch the plane of the soil. If there is no contact, then the rotation of the screw 48 of the rod 20 eliminates this drawback (see Fig. 4).

The depth of tillage is prescribed by decreasing or increasing the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder 18.

Unlike analogs and prototypes, by rotating only one unit, hydraulic cylinder nut, the depth of soil treatment of the entire device is adjusted.

In operation, the tractor moves the seeder-cultivator behind the hitch, through the drive the metering system from the hopper feeds the seeds through the seed tubes to the place of their placement in the soil, which is loosened by the blocks of tillage units.

Only blocks of tillage units can be mounted on the frame, for example, with a dense arrangement of spherical disks in two rows with a checkerboard pattern and with an opposite slope in the rows. In this case, we get a cultivator whose processing depth will be less than 2 cm.

In contrast to the known analogue and prototype, the inventive seeder-cultivator simplified the design and significantly reduced the cost of readjustment.

Claims (5)

1. A seeder-cultivator containing a hitch associated with the frame, a device for adjusting the working depth, track rollers, a frame with longitudinal elements in the form of cheeks and a transverse element, on which the cutting units are mounted transversely in two rows in the form of mounted on racks at an angle of attack and spherical disks freely rotating in the bearing units, while the second row disks are mounted with an offset with respect to the first row disks with an opposite angle of attack, on which brackets are mounted for swiveling with the frame o the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder and the adjusting element of the plane-parallelism of the cutting units, and the support rollers freely rotating in their own supports are mounted on the wings, rigidly mounted on the transverse pipe and pivotally connected to the frame cheeks, while the levers are rigidly mounted on the pipe, one pivotally connected to the rod located above the frame with a screw, and the central lever is pivotally connected to the hydraulic cylinder, characterized in that in the lower part of the wings are made two grooves and the track rollers are fixed in a checkerboard pattern in de two transverse rows, a shaft is additionally mounted on the frame, on which a two-arm lever is mounted, in the upper part it is pivotally connected to the rod with a screw, and in the lower part of the second shoulder the rod connected to the front additional lever mounted on the additional pipe connected by levers pivotally with cheeks, while the front additional lever is pivotally connected to the hitch. 2. A seeder-cultivator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting units are installed in their own beams or pipes in blocks, for example, four cutting units in each block. 3. The seeder-cultivator according to claim 1, characterized in that the track rollers are installed two in front and seven in the back, which are controlled by a power hydraulic cylinder and are installed in two rows in the wings, regulated by traction with a screw, and there are four rear track rollers. 4. The seeder-cultivator according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional traction is pivotally connected to the frame and the beam, at the end of which a cord is fixed by a chain, for example a pipe. 5. The seeder-cultivator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made three-section according to the scheme 2 × 2 × 2 or 2 × 3 × 2 with three hoppers.

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