RU2573972C2 - Semitrailer seeder-cultivator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: seeder-cultivator comprises a hitch, track rollers, a hopper, seed drills, a device controlling the supply of seeds or fertilisers, and a frame with two transverse beams. On the beams the cutting units are mounted by clamps in two rows. The cutting units are arranged in the form of spherical discs mounted on the racks at an angle of attack and freely rotating in bearing assemblies. The second row discs are mounted with the offset relative to the first row discs with the opposite angle of attack. On the transverse beams the jaws are mounted pairwise and welded, interconnected by the panels on top. On the panels six brackets are mounted for hinge joint with the frame of one hydraulic cylinder and four adjusting turnbuckles. Two turnbuckles are connected with the hitch, and two - with the track rollers. The rollers are divided into three groups: central and two extreme. Each group of the rollers is fixedly mounted on an additional axis, rotating freely in their own supports. The supports are mounted on the cranks, rigidly fixed on an additional transverse tube and pivotally connected to the frame jaws. On each of the three tubes the levers are rigidly mounted. Each extreme lever is pivotally connected to the turnbuckle located respectively above the frame. The central lever is pivotally connected to the hydraulic cylinder. The cutting units are evenly located on the beams in the areas free from the jaws. On the frame a carcass is mounted, having a hopper located on it. The hopper is made heart-shaped, two-sectional, and has a built-in bucket conveyor, which input is connected to the hopper output, and the output is located above the device of seed distribution. From the devices of seed distribution the seed drills are distributed to each cutting unit. The drive for the bucket conveyor is formed from the extreme track rollers.

EFFECT: constructive implementation enables to simplify the design of the device and to increase adaptability of the device and speed of tillage and seeding.

4 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for minimal tillage and high-speed sowing of various products, for example, cereals, legumes and oilseeds or perennial herbs.

AGROMASH mechanical sowing complexes are known (see www.pk-agromaster.ru). However, at high speeds, their use is problematic due to the breaking of the coulters of the cultivator type and the low resistance of the legs of the coulters. This unit does not provide a minimum depth of cultivation, for example up to 2 cm, due to the galloping of the legs.

Known seeder (see RU No. 2321976 IPC А01В 49/06, published on 04/20/2008), containing a frame with rolling bearings and loosening cutting spherical disks mounted at an angle of attack in the direction of movement.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the design complexity, the inability to use the device in the form of a cultivator when tillage up to 2 cm due to the large distance between the spherical disks in the same row.

The invention is aimed at simplifying the design and improving the manufacturability of the device and processing speed.

To do this, in a semitrailer seeder-cultivator containing a hitch, support rollers, a hopper, seed tubes, a device for regulating the supply of seeds or fat and a frame with two transverse beams, on which the cutting units are mounted in two rows with clamps in the form of mounted on racks at an angle of attack and freely spherical disks rotating in the bearing units, while the second row disks are mounted with an offset with respect to the first row disks with an opposite angle of attack, according to this technical solution, to the transverse beams in pairs the cheeks are dressed and welded on top, interconnected by panels on which six brackets are fixed for swiveling with the frame of one hydraulic cylinder and four adjusting turnbuckles, two of which are connected to the hitch and two to the road wheels.

The rollers are divided into three groups: the central and two extreme, left and right, each of which is motionlessly mounted on an additional axis, freely rotating in its own bearings mounted on the wings, rigidly mounted on an additional transverse pipe and pivotally connected to the frame cheeks.

On each of the three pipes, levers are welded, each extreme of which is pivotally connected to the lanyard respectively located above the frame, and the central lever is pivotally connected to the hydraulic cylinder, while the cutting units are evenly located on the beams in places free from the cheeks.

Additionally, a frame with a pocket under the bunker, made in a heart-shaped form, is installed on the frame. A noriya is built into the hopper, the input of which is connected to the hopper output, and the noriya output is located above the seed dispenser.

This device evenly distributes the seeds along the vas deferens to each cutting unit, while the drive for the elevator is formed from the extreme track rollers, and the hopper is made of two sections.

In a semi-mounted seeder-cultivator, twelve cheeks arranged in six pairs can be mounted on the frame beams, between which, in addition to the central part, struts are installed.

The semitrailer seeder-cultivator can have fifteen wheels in one row, nine pieces in the central group controlled by the power hydraulic cylinder, and three wheels in the extreme groups regulated by turnbuckles.

The seeder-cultivator can have left and right markers, controlled from an additional hydraulic cylinder with a pendulum by means of flexible rods (not shown).

In the future, the proposed technical solution is illustrated by a specific implementation with reference to the drawings, which depict:

- figure 1 shows a view from the end of the frame of the seeder-cultivator;

- figure 2 shows the frame in isometry;

- figure 3 presents a view from the side of the coupling on the disk profile;

- figure 4 shows an isometric view of the cultivator;

- figure 5 presents a General view of the seeder-cultivator in isometry;

- figure 6 shows a right view of the seeder-cultivator;

- Fig.7 shows a rear view of the seeder-cultivator in isometry.

The seeder-cultivator contains a frame in the form of two transverse beams: front 1 and rear 2, on which the left cheek 3 and the cheek cheek 4 are dressed in pairs with square holes, and a panel 5 is mounted on top of them and welded to the cheeks 3, 4 (see Fig. one). Figure 2 shows the frame assembly, consisting of six such pairs, between which four spacers 6 are installed, and the two left have one slope, and the other two are opposite.

The panels 5 form a single mounting pad on which the front brackets 7, 8 and the rear, extreme 9, 10 are mounted. The brackets 11, 12 and 13 are installed in the center. The mounting holes 14 for mounting the equipment can be made in the panels 5.

Brackets 15, 16 are mounted on the outer panels, on separate substrates. Technological holes 17 are made in the cheeks 3, 4 for mounting various attachments and devices.

On the front beam 1, disks 18 are mounted in one row with bearing assemblies 19 welded to the posts 20. The posts themselves 20 are connected to the clamps 21 by welding (see FIG. 3), which have a mating part, a return clamp 22 connected to each other by a bolt connection.

In front, in the central part, a hitch 23 is pivotally mounted in the holes 17 of the cheeks 3, 4. And above them are mounted lanyards 24, 25, pivotally connected to the brackets 7, 8, respectively.

The disks 18 form the first row of cutting units, and the disks 26 form the second row of cutting units fixed similarly to the first row.

Turnbuckles 27, 28 are pivotally connected to the brackets of the frame 9, 10 and the levers of the rollers 29, 30, respectively. The levers 29, 30 are welded to the pipes 31, 32, which are connected to the wings 33, 34. On the axis 35, freely rotating in its own bearings 36, the left roller 37 is mounted. The central 38 and right 39 rollers are similarly mounted. On the pipe 40 of the central roller 38 two levers 41 and four wings 42, 43 are welded.

The hydraulic cylinder of the marker 44 and its pendulum 45 are pivotally connected to the brackets 13 (see Fig. 4 and Fig. 5). The seeder-cultivator is equipped with markers 46, 47, from the extreme rollers 37, 39 when it moves, rotation is transmitted from the drive 48 to the gears 49, 50 mounted on the panels 5 in the holes 14 (see figure 2). To the cheeks 3, 4 of the panels 5 a spatial frame 51 is attached with a pocket in which a hopper 52 is mounted.

The hopper 52 is equipped with a lid 53 and a grain elevator 54 and fertilizer 55 are mounted on the front heart-shaped panel of the hopper (see FIG. 5). The inputs of the elevators 54 and 55 are connected to the outputs of the hopper 52, and the outputs of the elevators are located above the seed distributor 56, from which vas deferens 57 to the disks 18 of the cutting nodes of the first row.

To enable or disable the seed supply, the seeder is equipped with a power hydraulic cylinder 58 with an adjustable rod length pivotally mounted between the brackets 11, 12 and levers 41.

From the seed distributor 56, the seed tubes 59 also extend to the disks 26 of the second row of cutting units.

Hopper 52 is divided into two departments: seed 60 and fertilizer 61.

The device is equipped with a mechanism for regulating the depth of tillage 11 and drawbar 12 for connecting to a tractor.

The seeder-cultivator operates as follows. Before starting work, the loosening working bodies 18 and 26 are adjusted to a certain depth of tillage with the help of lanyards 24, 25, 27 and 28 and a power hydraulic cylinder 58 of the depth of tillage and, accordingly, sowing. When the seeder-cultivator moves, the support rollers 37 and 39 through the drive 48 and the chain transmission system (not shown) initiate the operation of the grain elevator 54 and the fertilizer elevator 55. The bucket of elevators captures the seeds and fertilizers and feeds the seed distributor 56, and through the seed ducts 57 and 59, a continuous metered supply of seeds to the cutting units 18 and 26 is carried out, which cut the troughs in the soil. Seeds mixed with fertilizers are placed in these troughs and rolled with the help of support rollers 37, 38, 39, which provides a complete and uniform compaction of the entire sown surface without gaps and without re-compaction of individual sections, thereby improving soil moisture conservation as one of the most important agrotechnical indicators .

In contrast to the known analogues and prototype, the inventive seeder-cultivator provides a mode (see figure 3, which shows the profile of the cut soil layer) of minimum tillage up to 2 cm, which allows it to be used as a cultivator (see figure 4).

The frame design is simplified, which allows assembly at any site: basing is carried out along the lower edges of the cheeks 3 and 4 (see Fig. 1), and the general plane of the panels 5 provides the basis for the assembly of all the components of the seeder-cultivator.

The placement of elevators 54 and 55 in hopper 52 made it possible to mix grain and fat directly in the seeder, to select all seeds without residues from the hopper, to mix them effectively in the seed dispenser 56 and in the seed ducts 57 and 59.

Claims (4)

1. A semitrailer seeder-cultivator containing a hitch, track rollers, a hopper, seed tubes, a device for regulating the supply of seeds or fertilizers and a frame with two transverse beams, on which the cutting units are mounted in two rows with clamps in the form of mounted on racks at an angle of attack and freely rotating in the bearing assemblies of the spherical disks, while the second row disks are mounted with an offset relative to the first row disks with an opposite angle of attack, characterized in that the cheeks are dressed in pairs and welded on the transverse beams interconnected by panels on which six brackets are fixed for swiveling with the frame of one hydraulic cylinder and four adjusting turnbuckles, two of which are connected to the hitch, and two to the road wheels, divided into three groups: central and two extreme, each of which fixedly mounted on an additional axis, freely rotating in its own supports mounted on the wings, rigidly mounted on an additional transverse pipe and pivotally connected to the cheeks of the frame, while on each of the three pipes a gesture o levers are installed, each extreme of which is pivotally connected to the lanyard respectively located above the frame, and the central lever is pivotally connected to the hydraulic cylinder, while the cutting units are evenly located on the beams in places free from the cheeks, and the frame is mounted on the frame and the hopper is located on it, made of a heart-shaped form, a noriya is built into the hopper, the input of which is connected to the hopper output, and the noriya output is located above the seed dispenser, from which the seed tubes are distributed to each cutting unit, while the drive for Oria formed by outer rollers, a hopper configured two-part. 2. The semi-mounted seeder-cultivator according to claim 1, characterized in that twelve cheeks arranged in six pairs are mounted on the frame beams, between which, in addition to the central part, struts are installed. 3. The semi-mounted seeder-cultivator according to claim 1, characterized in that fifteen wheels are installed in one row of rollers: nine in the central group controlled by a power hydraulic cylinder, and three wheels in the extreme groups, regulated by turnbuckles. 4. The semitrailer seeder-cultivator according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional hydraulic cylinder with a pendulum is mounted on the frame, with flexible connections connected to the right and left marker.

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