RU2488258C1 - Working element of mouldboard plough with controlled parameters ploughshare-mouldboard surface - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to agricultural machinery, particularly, to tillage equipment. The working element comprises a stand with a shoe and a field board, a ploughshare and a mouldboard. Elastic pads are attached to the mouldboard at the rear side of the working surface. A control facility is a hinged connection of the ploughshare-mouldboard surface with the stand. The upper half of the mouldboard is divided into separate horizontal plates parallel to each other and the joint of the ploughshare with the mouldboard and are connected with each other by vertical elastic pads. Planks are stiffly fixed to elastic pads. Inside the planks there are flat hinged joints installed with rectangular rods. Rods are connected by means of a helical mechanism with a thrust fastening rod. The fastening lever is stiffly connected with the other end to the stand of the working element. The lower half of the mouldboard via a support bed is attached with the help of screws with flat hinged joints to the fastening plank of the shoe side. One horizontal plate of the mouldboard is connected to one vertical elastic pad with the help of at least two bolts with a hidden head. Edges of plates are made as rounded. Planks are attached to elastic plates at the level of the first and second horizontal plates, starting on top of the mouldboard.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase quality and to reduce energy intensity of the process of main soil treatment.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to tillage implements.

Studies of domestic and foreign scientists, as well as existing practice, have established that the highest quality tillage with minimal energy consumption occurs when the plow-blade surface (LOP) of the working body of the dump plow has certain parameters. These parameters are the working width, the angle of setting the ploughshare to the bottom of the furrow and the angle of the bend of the blade (the angle between the direction of movement of the working body and forming the plow-blade surface).

Currently, many attempts are being made to create universal working bodies for the dump plow, on which it would be possible to change the parameters of the LOP.

Known plow with automatic control of the parameters of the plow-blade surface [USSR No. 733527 АВВ 15/00], including automatic control of the LOP parameters depending on the speed of the unit using a parameter control system containing a sensitive element in the form of a hydraulic pump, a converter in the form of a damper cylinder connected by means of a two-arm lever with a control valve and hydraulic cylinder, and a lever system.

The disadvantages of this device is that during operation there are frequent failures of the automatic control system, due to its technical and managerial complexity, this leads to jamming in one position of the LOP and does not contribute to improving the quality of tillage and reducing traction resistance; due to the large number of actuators and commands of the automatic control system, the regulation of the LOP is made very approximately.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed technical solution is a tillage implement [USSR No. 1168108, АВВ 15/04, 1982], which contains a plow-blade working body, including a rack with a shoe and a field board, a ploughshare and a blade, which is divided into two parts interconnected by means of elastic overlays installed on the rear side of the blade; the adjustment means is a spring damper. Using this device, an attempt was made to change the parameters of the LOP.

However, the main disadvantages of this device include the impossibility of changing the angle of setting the share to the bottom of the furrow and a very slight change in the angle of the bend of the blade due to technical imperfection, which also does not contribute to the achievement of the goal.

The aim of the invention is to improve the quality and reduce the energy intensity of the process of primary tillage through the use of ploughshare-dumping working bodies with adjustable parameters: the angle of setting the ploughshare to the bottom and wall of the furrow and the bend angle of the plow-heap surface (LOP).

This goal is achieved by the fact that the working body of the dump plow with adjustable parameters of the plow-plow surface, containing a rack with a shoe and a field board, a ploughshare and a blade, to which elastic pads are attached from the back of the working surface, a means of regulation, unlike the prototype, as control means a swivel joint of the plow-blade surface with a stand is used, and the upper half of the blade is divided into separate horizontal plates parallel to each other and to the joint ploughshare with a blade and interconnected by vertical elastic plates, while the straps are rigidly attached to the elastic plates, inside of which there are flat hinges with rectangular rods connected by a screw mechanism with a thrust mounting lever rigidly attached to the working body by the other end, and the lower half the blade through the supporting bed is attached with screws with flat hinges to the mounting plate of the sidewall of the shoe, rigidly connected to the rack, while one horizontal Astina blade is attached to a vertical elastic strip by means of at least two bolts with a countersunk head. The width of the horizontal plates parallel to each other is at least two diameters of countersunk bolts, the edges of the above-mentioned plates are rounded. The slats are attached to the elastic plates at the level of the first or second horizontal plates, starting from the top of the blade. A flat hinge includes a ball truncated in diameter by 1/3 of its length above and below, starting from the perimeter, located in the same truncated shell having ears for attachment.

The claimed device has several advantages compared to the prototype. First, a real workable design for changing the parameters of the LOP is proposed. Secondly, in the process of operation, the LOP experiences serious alternating loads. In this regard, of great importance for the long-term operation of the LOP is its fixation in a given position. In the proposed technical solution, the LOP is attached to the rack and is fixed with at least four hinges.

As a result of a patent search, the authors did not find an identical to the claimed device.

The totality of the claimed features of the device is not known and does not follow explicitly from the prior art, which allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step".

The use of this working body reduces the traction resistance of the dump plow and, accordingly, the energy intensity of the entire process of plowing, and also improves the quality of processing the soil formation at different speeds of the unit.

To implement the claimed technical solution, the plow working body is proposed, which is shown in Figure 1 - “general device of the working body” (top view), 2 - “plow working body” (view from the non-working surface), 3 - “screw mechanism” (cross section ), 4 - “flat hinge”, 5 - “cross section of the means for regulating the lower part of the blade”, 6 - “rounded plate of the blade”.

The working body of the plow (figure 1) contains a rack 1, shoe 2, field board 3, ploughshare 4, blade 5, while the upper half is divided into separate horizontal plates 6 (figure 2), parallel to the joint 7 of the share 4 with the blade 5. Horizontal parallel plates 6 are interconnected on the back by vertical elastic plates 8 by means of countersunk head bolts 9 (figure 3). Vertical elastic pads 8 are made of high-strength spring steel type 65G, HRC ₀ 45 ... 48. In the upper half of the blade, straps 10 are rigidly attached to the elastic pads 8, inside of which are mounted flat hinges 11 with rectangular rods 12 (figure 3), connected by a screw mechanism 13 with a persistent mounting lever 14 (figure 1), rigidly attached to the other end 1 working body.

To control the working width and the angle of installation of the ploughshare to the bottom and the wall of the furrow, a swivel joint of the plow-blade surface with a stand was used as a control means, the upper half of which is attached to the stand by a screw mechanism 13 with flat hinges 11 and a persistent mounting lever 14, and the lower - through the supporting bed 15 is attached with screws 16 with flat hinges 17 to the mounting plate 18 of the sidewall of the shoe 2, rigidly connected to the rack 1.

Flat hinges 11 (figure 3) include a ball truncated in diameter by 1/3 of its length above and below, starting from the perimeter of the ball, which are located in the same truncated shells 20 having ears 22 for attachment. The tool for adjusting the bottom of the blade includes screws 16, rods 12, a truncated hinge 11, and nuts 21 for moving the screws 16.

To facilitate the change of the LOP parameters, horizontal parallel plates 6, located in the upper part of the blade, are made with rounding 19 (figure 6).

The proposed means of regulating the parameters of the LOP works as follows.

The set value of the bend of the blade 5 is set as follows: by rotating the nuts on the screw mechanism 13, the length of the adjusting screw increases or decreases. This change in the length of the screw acts on the rectangular rods 12, which, in turn, act on the truncated hinge 11 located in the bar 10. The flat hinge 11 rotates in the shell 20 and affects the vertical elastic plate 8, which, in turn, bends or bends horizontal parallel plates 6, representing the upper part of the blade 5.

The lower part of the blade and the ploughshare is adjusted as follows: by rotating the nuts 21, the screw 16 and the rod 12 are extended or shortened, which, in turn, acts on the flat hinge 11, which rotates and acts on the supporting bed 15 with its angle, which, in turn, , acts on the share and the lower part of the blade, raising or lowering them.

The setting angle of the LOP to the furrow wall is regulated by unequal extension (or sliding) of the adjusting screws 16 (figure 1), which will contribute to changing the angle of the share blade with the direction of movement of the unit.

Parallel horizontal plates 6 are made with rounding 19 to facilitate bending or extension of the upper part of the blade 5.

After this, a trial plowing is carried out by the plow, evaluating the quality of its work, if it is necessary to make additional adjustment, then the operations described above are carried out in the same sequence once more, achieving the best quality of dump soil cultivation.

Changing the angles characterizing the plow-heap surface makes it possible to obtain the most rational type of plow-heap surface (LOP).

Thus, using standard tractor pulling power, the design in question allows:

- change the characteristics of the plow-blade surface to obtain the greatest turning ability;

- with minor adjustments get a tool for high-quality processing of various soils;

- increase the working speed of the tractor when processing the soil;

- reduce the energy intensity of the technological process of tillage;

- reduce fuel consumption.

The use of the inventive device for primary tillage in agriculture will reduce the cost of production and earn additional profit by reducing fuel consumption and increasing yields.

Claims (5)

1. The working body of the dump plow with adjustable parameters of the plow-blade surface, comprising a rack with a shoe and a field board, a ploughshare and a blade, to which elastic pads are attached from the back of the working surface, a control means, characterized in that the hinge is used as a control means the connection of the plow-blade surface with the stand, and the upper half of the blade is divided into separate horizontal plates parallel to each other and to the joint of the share with the blade and connected between with vertical elastic plates, while the straps are rigidly attached to the elastic plates, inside of which are mounted flat hinges with rectangular rods connected by a screw mechanism with a thrust mounting lever rigidly attached at the other end to the working body rack, and the lower half of the blade through the supporting bed is attached help screws with flat hinges to the mounting plate of the sidewall of the shoe, rigidly connected to the rack. 2. The working body according to claim 1, characterized in that one horizontal blade plate is attached to one vertical elastic plate using at least two countersunk head bolts. 3. The working body according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the horizontal plates parallel to each other is at least two diameters of countersunk bolts, the edges of the above-mentioned plates are rounded. 4. The working body according to claim 1, characterized in that the strips are attached to the elastic plates at the level of the first or second horizontal plates, starting from the top of the blade. 5. The working body according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat hinge includes a ball truncated in diameter by 1/3 of its length above and below, starting from the perimeter, located in the same truncated shell having ears for attachment.

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