RU2535864C1 - Method of determining and controlling parameters of plough-bottom surface of working body of plough for obtaining given degree of soil crumbling when mouldboard processing and device for their control on working body of plough - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises a frame, a support wheel, a mechanism of attachment to the tractor, working bodies. The frame consists of a longitudinal, transverse and bearing bars. The working bodies are made with the controlled parameters of plough-bottom surface (PBS) and have a system of parameter regulation. The system of parameter regulation comprises a movable rod with a hydraulic cylinder. The bearing bar in the front part is pivotally connected to the transverse bar by means of an axis and with the ability of rotation relative to it. At the rear part the bearing bar is attached to the longitudinal bar using a rounded clamp. The clamp with its one end is rigidly fixed to the bearing bar and with the other end it is attached to the longitudinal bar by the fixing finger and slots, and also by the hydraulic cylinder. The openings are made on the longitudinal bar and the rounded clamp and have equal diameter. The hydraulic cylinder with one end is connected to the bearing bar and with the other end it is pivotally connected to the end of the transverse bar. The transverse bar is rigidly attached to the longitudinal bar perpendicular to it. At the other end of the transverse bar the finish loader of the mechanism of connection to the tractor is hingedly mounted. The racks of the working bodies of the plough are attached in the bearing bar using sleeves with the ability of rotation carried out by cranks. The cranks are rigidly connected with the upper part of the racks on one side, and on the other - with a pivotally movable rod with a screw mechanism. The screw mechanism is a tube inside which at its end the fixed nut is mounted, which with the rod of the screw mechanism constitutes a screw pair. The rod of the screw mechanism with the handle at the end is located with the ability of rotation in the through opening of the fixing plate attached rigidly to the end of bearing bar. The method consists in regulating the angles characterising the PBS. In accordance with a given degree of crumbling soil a certain trajectory of soil movement on PBS is graphically set and the normal forces acting on a layer of soil are determined. Then on the directions of the normal forces the PBS patterns are created implementing the given trajectories. Analysis of the patterns is carried out, by change of amount of bending of mouldboard and the angles of placement the coulter to the bottom and the wall of the furrow the parameters of the PBS are determined, corresponding to the given degree of crumbling. The obtained parameters are set by adjusting the base PBS of the surface of the working bodies of the plough by its turns and movements using the device described above.

EFFECT: such technology and constructive implementation enable to ensure the given degree of soil crumbling and to regulate the energy consumption of the tillage process.

5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to tillage tools.

Studies of domestic and foreign scientists found that crumbling of the soil and, accordingly, its density has a significant impact on crop yields. Significant influence on soil crumbling have the parameters of the ploughshare-dump surface (LOP) of the working body of the dump plow. These parameters are the working width, the value of the bend of the blade, the angle of setting the ploughshare to the bottom and wall of the furrow.

Currently, many attempts are being made to create universal working bodies for the dump plow, on which it would be possible to change the parameters of the LOP.

A known method of regulating the parameters of the LOP and the working body of the dump plow described in the patent [US Pat. No. 2470501, A01B 15/00], in which the bending angle is adjusted due to the horizontal grooves made in the upper half of the blade from the back.

However, among the disadvantages of the data of the method and device is the impossibility of changing the angle of setting the share of the working body to the wall of the furrow.

Closest to the technical nature of the proposed technical solutions is a method of adjusting the angles characterizing the LOP of the working bodies of the dump plow using the control system of the parameters of the plow-blade surface described in the patent [US Pat. No. 2462013, A01B 15/04]. Regulation of the LOP parameters includes the selection of the necessary angles for setting the ploughshare of the working body of the plow to the bottom of the furrow, as well as the slope of the LOP.

A device for adjusting the parameters of the LOP includes a frame consisting of bars, working bodies consisting of a blade, a ploughshare, a shoe, a rack, a control system for the parameters of the LOP containing a movable rod with a gear rack, a crank, bracket-shaped guide rails and a hydraulic cylinder.

The disadvantage of these solutions is the impossibility of adjusting the angle of setting the working body of the plow to the wall of the furrow, depending on the given degree of crumbling of the soil and, accordingly, the insufficient quality of the soil treatment.

The purpose of the invention is to obtain a given degree of crushing of the soil and energy intensity of the process of dump tillage by determining the angle of setting the ploughshare of the working body of the plow to the wall of the furrow depending on the given degree of crushing and adjusting them on the base ploughshare-dump surface of the working body of the plow using the developed device .

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method consisting in adjusting the angles characterizing the plow-heap surface, in contrast to the prototype, in accordance with a given degree of crumbling, a certain trajectory of soil motion along the plow-heap surface is graphically set and normal forces acting on the soil layer are determined , then, along the directions of normal forces, they build patterns of LOPs that implement the given trajectories, analyze the patterns: by changing the value of the bend of the blade and the angles of setting the share to the bottom and walls ke furrows determine the LOP parameters corresponding to a given degree of crumbling; the obtained parameters are set by adjusting the base ploughshare-dump surface of the working bodies of the plow by turning and moving it using the developed device.

A device for controlling the parameters of the plow-dump surface of the working body of the plow contains a frame consisting of a longitudinal, transverse and bearing bars, a support wheel, a mechanism for connecting to the tractor, working bodies with adjustable parameters of the plow-blade and a control system containing a movable rod with a hydraulic cylinder , unlike the prototype, the supporting beam in its front part is pivotally connected to the transverse beam through the axis and with the possibility of rotation relative to it, and in the rear hour The supporting beam is attached to the longitudinal beam using a rounded bracket, one end rigidly fixed to the supporting beam, and the other end attached to the longitudinal beam using a locking pin and holes made on the longitudinal beam and a rounded bracket and having the same diameter, as well as using a hydraulic cylinder , with one end connected to the supporting beam, and the other pivotally connected to the end of the transverse beam, rigidly fixed to the longitudinal beam perpendicular to it, at the other end of which is pivotally fixed flax loader mechanism for connecting to the tractor; the racks of the working bodies of the plow are fixed in the load-bearing beam using bushings with the possibility of rotation carried out by means of cranks connected rigidly to the upper part of the racks on one side, and on the other, articulated with a movable rod with a screw mechanism, which is a pipe inside which at its end a fixed nut is installed, which with the screw mechanism rod makes up a screw pair, the screw mechanism rod with a handle at the end is rotatably mounted in the through hole of the mounting plate, replennoy rigidly to the end of the carrier bar.

The number of holes made along the axis of the rounded staple corresponds to the number of existing main types of ploughshare-dump surface.

On the flange of the hydraulic cylinder from the side of the rod, a measuring rod is fixed parallel to it with values, the number of which corresponds to the number of existing main types of plow-blade surface, and a pointer interacting with the latter is installed on the stop fixed to the rod.

A mark is marked on the circumference of the last crank and next to the bearing beam there is a scale with the values of the plowing angles to the furrow wall corresponding to the number of existing main types of ploughshare-dump surface.

The application of this method allows you to determine the value of the angle of setting the ploughshare of the working body of the plow to the wall of the furrow, depending on a given degree of crumbling, install it using the inventive device, depending on the change in this angle, determine the required amount of translational lateral movement of the working body and also set it using devices, which makes it possible to obtain the most rational type of ploughshare-dump surface and change the characteristics of the LOP to obtain the best quality and treatment of the soil formation, regulation of tractive resistance and thus energy consumption only plowing process.

The totality of the claimed features of the method and device are unknown and do not follow explicitly from the prior art, which allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step"

To implement the claimed method of regulating the parameters of the LOP of the working body, a device for a dump plow is presented, as shown in the drawings: FIG. 1 - “General arrangement of the dump plow, top view”, FIG. 2 - “The screw mechanism and the last crank”, FIG. 3 - “Section of the figure 2 along A-A”, FIG. 4 - “The front axle”, FIG. 5 - "Measuring rail with a pointer."

The proposed dump plow includes a frame consisting of a longitudinal 6, a transverse 19 and a supporting beam 1 (Fig. 1), a support wheel, a mechanism for connecting to a tractor, working bodies 10 with adjustable parameters of the plow-blade surface and their regulation system containing a movable rod 13 with a hydraulic cylinder 5. The bearing beam 1 in its front part is connected to the transverse beam 19 (Fig. 1) pivotally, by means of an axis 2 with a fixing pin 3 and a ring 4 (Figure 4) with the possibility of rotation about the axis, and in the rear part of the bearing beam 1 adjoining nen to the longitudinal beam 6 by means of a hydraulic cylinder 5, mounted on the longitudinal beam 6 of the frame and a rounded bracket 7 with a fixing axis 8 and holes 9 having the same diameter on the bracket and the longitudinal beam. The upper part of the rack 12 (figure 3) of the working body 10 is installed inside the supporting beam 1 with the help of sleeves 28 with the possibility of rotation, which is carried out by means of cranks 11, rigidly connected to the upper part of the racks 12 on the one hand, and on the other, articulated with a movable rod 13 with a screw mechanism 14 (figure 2).

Inside the movable rod 13 (FIG. 2), a fixed nut 15 is inserted, which with the rod 16 of the screw mechanism 14 makes up a screw pair.

The fixed nut 15 is fixed by means of fixing screws 17, and the rod 16 of the screw mechanism 14 ends with a handle 18 for rotation and is placed in a horizontal through hole of the mounting plate 20.

On the circumference of the last crank 11, the mark 27 is applied, and on the supporting beam 1 of the frame - scale 21.

A short transverse beam 22 is rigidly fixed perpendicular to the supporting beam of the frame, to one end of which is attached a loader 23 of the mechanism for connecting to the tractor, and to the other - the hydraulic cylinder 5, while on the flange 24 of the hydraulic cylinder 5 (Figure 5), a measured rail 25 is fixed parallel to the cylinder rod and on the emphasis 26, mounted on the cylinder rod, the pointer 29. The upper parts of the racks 12 of the working bodies of the plow, located inside the supporting beam 1, are located in the bushings 28.

The method for regulating the working bodies of the plow is as follows: in accordance with a given degree of soil crumbling graphically, for example, using a computer device, a specific trajectory of soil is set along the plow-heap surface and normal forces acting on the soil layer along a predetermined path are determined. Normal forces at any point on the trajectory are always perpendicular to the plow-heap surface, thus, in their directions it is possible to determine how the shape of the LOP of the working body of the plow changes. Then, along the lines of normal forces, LOP patterns are constructed that realize the given trajectories. The pattern is a cross section of the working body of the plow along a given path of movement of the soil, which depends on the desired degree of crumbling of the soil. The step of the paths depends on a given degree of crumbling of the soil: the smaller the step of the paths, the greater the degree of crumbling. Then an analysis of patterns is carried out: by changing the value of the bend of the blade and the angles of setting the ploughshare to the bottom and the wall of the furrow, the parameters of the LOP corresponding to the given degree of crumbling are determined; the obtained parameters are set by adjusting the base plow-dump surface of the working bodies of the plow by turning and moving them using the developed device. The magnitude of the lateral movement of the working bodies of the plow depends on the magnitude of the change in the angle of setting the ploughshare to the wall of the furrow, since this changes the amount of overlap of the working bodies of the plow during its operation.

What is the essence of the presented method and device for obtaining a given quality of crumbling of the soil formation? It is known that the trajectory of the soil layer along the LOP is a helix. For most existing LOPs, the helix pitch and the angular velocity of the formation points are not constant. In this regard, the vertical sections of the treated soil layer are displaced relative to each other and thereby provide crumbling of the layer. The LOP parameters can cause the formation to shift more or less, thereby obtaining a given degree of crushing of the soil formation.

Adjusting the parameters of the plow-dump surface of the basic working bodies on the plow using the developed device is as follows.

By rotating the handle 18 of the screw mechanism 14 we move the movable rod 13, which rotates the cranks 11. The cranks 11, rotating, rotate the racks 12 of the working bodies. The racks 12 of the working bodies are located in the bushings 28, rigidly fixed inside the carrier beam 1 of the frame, by means of which the racks 12 are rotated. The position of the racks is fixed by the axis 8 connecting the holes on the rounded bracket 7 and the longitudinal beam 6 of the frame. By rotating the handle 18 of the screw mechanism 14, the mark 27 of the last crank 11 is set to a predetermined position on the scale 21. Thus, the necessary angle of setting the share to the wall of the furrow is set on the working bodies, depending on the given degree of crumbling of the soil. The rotation of the beam 1 of the frame by means of a hydraulic cylinder 5 observes the technological condition for the amount of overlap of the working bodies of the plow with each other.

It should be noted that at present there are the following types of LOP with angles between the furrow wall and the working body: high-speed LOP with an angle between the share share and the furrow wall - 36 °, half-screw LOP - 40 ° (screw LOP is its kind), cultural LOP - 44 °, cylindrical - 48 °.

Thus, the number of holes on the bracket, the four values of the angle on the load-bearing beam of the frame near the last crank with the mark, the four values on the measuring rail of the hydraulic cylinder correspond to the four existing main types of LOP above.

The proposed device works as follows: after obtaining the numerical values of the LOP parameters to achieve a given degree of crumbling, the stop 26 is fixed in position on the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 5. Then the locking axis 8 is removed and the hydraulic cylinder 5 is activated. The hydraulic cylinder rod extends (or retracts) to the desired position of the stop 26. After that, the locking axis 8 is inserted into place, thereby fixing the desired angle of the working body to the wall of the furrow.

Changing the angle of setting the working body to the wall of the furrow makes it possible to obtain the most rational parameters of the plow-blade surface corresponding to a given degree of crumbling.

Thus, using standard tractor pulling power, the design in question allows:

change the characteristics of the plow-heap surface, depending on the given degree of crumbling, to obtain the best quality soil treatment;

as soon as possible to get a tool for high-quality processing of various soils;

change the energy intensity of the technological process of tillage.

Claims (5)

1. A device for controlling the parameters of the ploughshare-dump surface of the working body of the plow, including a frame consisting of longitudinal, transverse and bearing bars, a support wheel, a mechanism for connecting to the tractor, working bodies with adjustable parameters of the plow-heap surface (LOP) and a system for regulating them comprising a movable rod with a hydraulic cylinder, characterized in that the supporting beam in its front part is pivotally connected to the transverse beam by means of an axis and the possibility of rotation relative to it, and in the rear parts of the supporting beam attached to the longitudinal beam using a rounded bracket, one end rigidly fixed to the supporting beam, and the other end attached to the longitudinal beam by means of a locking pin and holes made on the longitudinal beam and a rounded bracket and having the same diameter, as well as using a hydraulic cylinder connected at one end to a load-bearing beam and pivotally connected to the end of a transverse beam rigidly fixed to the longitudinal beam perpendicular to it, at the other end of which is articulated fixed loader mechanism for connecting to the tractor; the racks of the working bodies of the plow are fixed in the load-bearing beam using bushings with the possibility of rotation carried out by means of cranks connected rigidly to the upper part of the racks on one side, and on the other, articulated with a movable rod with a screw mechanism, which is a pipe inside which at its end a fixed nut is installed, which with the screw mechanism rod makes up a screw pair, the screw mechanism rod with a handle at the end is rotatably mounted in the through hole of the mounting plate, replennoy rigidly to the end of the carrier bar. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of holes made along the axis of the rounded staple corresponds to the number of existing basic types of plow-blade surface. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the flange of the hydraulic cylinder from the side of the rod a measuring rail is fixed parallel to it with values, the number of which corresponds to the number of existing main types of plow-blade surface, and a pointer is installed on the stop fixed to the rod, interacting with the latter. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the circumference of the last crank, a mark is applied and next to the load-bearing beam there is a scale with the values of the plowing angles to the furrow wall corresponding to the number of existing main types of ploughshare-dump surface. 5. The method of determining and adjusting the parameters of the plow-heap surface (LOP) of the working body of the plow to obtain a given degree of crushing of the soil during heap processing, which consists in adjusting the angles characterizing the plow-heap surface, characterized in that, in accordance with a given degree of crumbling of the soil, graphically define a certain trajectory of the soil along the plow-heap surface and determine the normal forces acting on the soil layer, then, in the directions of normal forces, construct patterns of LO Implementing predetermined trajectory analysis patterns carried out: the magnitude of change bend angles and blade setting coulter to the bottom wall of the groove and define parameters LLR corresponding to a given degree of crumbling; the obtained parameters are set by adjusting the base ploughshare-dump surface of the working bodies of the plow by turning and moving it using the device according to claim 1.

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