RU2612429C1 - Combined tillage tool for prevention of soil displacement downslope - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery industry. The combined tillage tool for prevention the displacement of soil down the slope comprises a frame with support wheels. The cultivator working bodies and discs in two rows with opposing angles of attack are mounted on the frame. The racks of the discs are pivotally fixed and connected with their leashes to the bar. The discs of front and rear rows have their own bars. The bars are interconnected by means of a rocker with the possibility of increasing the angle of attack of discs one row and decreasing the angle of attack of discs of the other row, depending on steepness of the slope.

EFFECT: invention ensures the preservation of soil fertility and increases productivity of cultivated crops.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering and can be used for continuous surface tillage on the slopes.

The cultivating working body in the form of a lancet paw systematically shifts the soil down the slope. The lower half of the lancet paw shifts the soil down the slope more than the upper half of the paw - up. The difference in these displacements leads to a general displacement of the soil down the slope, i.e. to mechanical erosion of the soil. Repeated annual soil cultivation leads to exposure of the upper part of the slope from the fertile soil layer, and the parent rock is carried to the surface, which leads to an irrevocable loss of the humus layer and a decrease in the yield of cultivated crops. In this regard, in order to preserve the humus layer, it is necessary during each treatment, at the expense of other working bodies, to raise the soil up the slope and compensate for the displacement of the soil. The magnitude of the displacement of the soil with a pointed paw depends on the steepness of the slope. Therefore, compensating working bodies must have a mechanism for regulating the amount of soil displacement depending on the steepness of the slope.

The prototype of the invention is a combined tillage implement (patent of the Russian Federation No. 2230445, IPC AB 01/49, publ. 06/20/2004), including a frame with support wheels, mounted cultivating working bodies and located in pairs with respect to their tracks in two rows of disks with opposite adjustable angles of attack. Racks of disks in each row are hinged and connected by their leashes to a common rod of hinge-rack mechanisms of their rows with the possibility of versatile rotation of the disks in each pair.

The disadvantage of this prototype is the inability to regulate the lateral displacement of the soil by the working bodies to prevent the displacement of the soil down the slope.

The invention allows to obtain a new technical effect - adjustable lateral displacement of the soil up the slope when the unit moves across the slope to compensate for the displacement of the soil by the cultivating working bodies down the slope.

This technical effect is achieved by the fact that the disks of the front and rear rows have their own rods, interconnected by means of a rocker arm with the possibility of increasing the angle of attack of the disks of one row and decreasing the angle of attack of the disks of the other row, depending on the steepness of the slope.

In FIG. 1 shows a kinematic diagram of the gun, top view.

A combined tillage implement to prevent soil displacement down the slope includes a frame 1 with support wheels 2, cultivating working bodies 3 mounted on it in three rows and front row disks 4 and rear row disks 5 with opposite angles of attack located in pairs relative to their tracks. Racks 6 of disks 4 of the front row are pivotally mounted on the frame 1 and connected by their leads 7 to the rod 8 of the front row, and racks 9 of the disks 5 of the rear row are mounted on the frame 1 also pivotally and connected by their leads 10 to the rod 11 of the rear row. The rod 8 of the front row of disks and the rod 11 of the rear row of disks are interconnected by means of the rocker arm 12 and rods 13, 14. The axis 15 of rotation of the rocker arm is mounted on the slider 16 located in the middle of the distance between the front and rear rods 8 and 11. The slider 16 has the ability to move along its guide 17 by a screw mechanism 18. The rocker arm 12 is pivotally connected by an axis 15 to the slider 16 with the possibility of relative rotation by means of a hydraulic cylinder 19. On the slider 16 is fixed a rotation limiter 20 of the rocker arm 12, adjustable by a screw tie 21.

Combined tillage tool to prevent soil displacement down the slope works as follows.

In the working position of the combined tillage implement to prevent the soil moving down the slope, the depth of the cultivating working bodies 3 and discs 4 and 5 is limited by the tractor hitch (not shown) and the support wheels 2. When working on a plain using the rotation limiter 20, the beam 12 is fixed on average position and both rows of discs have the same angle of attack. As a result, after the passage of the gun there will be no general displacement of the soil in the transverse direction. The screw mechanism 18 provides the ability to simultaneously adjust the angle of attack of the disks depending on the technological properties of the soil. With the translational movement of the tool across the field, cultivating working bodies 3 are buried in the soil and carry out its loosening and cutting of weeds. Disks 4 of the front row and discs 5 of the back row, located behind the cultivating working bodies 3 in the direction of travel, provide shallow shallow tillage. In this case, partial mixing of the stubble and other organic residues with the soil is carried out. Depending on the properties of the soil, the angle of attack of the discs 4 of the front row and the discs 5 of the back row is regulated. By moving the slider 16 by the screw mechanism 18, the rods 8 and 11 are equally moved. By fixing the rotation limiter 20, the slider 16 and both rods 8 and 11 are moved as a whole, which leads to the same change in the angle of attack of the disks 4 and 5. When moving the slider 16 to the right in the direction of travel, the angle of attack of the disks 4 and 5 is reduced, and when moving to the left, the increase.

When the tool is working across the slope, the cultivating working bodies 3 lead to a general displacement of the soil down the slope, while the upper part of the slope is exposed from the fertile soil and the yield of cultivated crops is reduced. To compensate for the displacement of the soil down the slope using two rows of disks, the soil moves up the slope by the same amount. To do this, one row of disks that moves the soil up the slope is set with a greater angle of attack than the other row of disks. An increase in the angle of attack of the disks leads to a larger transverse displacement of the soil, and a decrease in the angle of attack leads to a decrease in the transverse displacement of the soil. As a result, after passing through two rows of disks, the soil will be displaced in the direction of movement of the soil by disks with a large angle of attack. In this case, the difference in the angles of attack of the disks between the two rows is set depending on the required amount of soil displacement up the slope. To change the angle of attack of the disks 4 and 5 of the front and rear rows, their rods 8 and 11 are moved by a rocker 12, rotated relative to the axis 15 by the hydraulic cylinder 19. When the rocker 12 is rotated clockwise, the angle of attack of the disks of the front row 4 decreases, and the angle of attack of the disks of the rear row 5 increases and provides a general shift of the soil to the right. When the rocker 12 is rotated counterclockwise, the angle of attack of the discs 4 of the front row increases, and the angle of attack of the discs 5 of the rear row decreases, which leads to a general shift of the soil to the left. The amount of soil displacement is regulated by a rotation limiter 20, which fixes the extreme left and right positions of the rocker arm 12. The rotation limiter 20 is regulated by a screw coupler 21 depending on the steepness of the slope and the required amount of soil displacement up the slope.

A change in the direction of the general displacement of the soil occurs as follows. When working on the slope of a combined tillage implement to prevent soil moving down the slope, the amount of soil moving down the slope is determined. The screw coupler 21 is installed in the necessary position so as to compensate for the downward displacement of the soil by the cultivating working bodies 3. The rocker arm 12 is turned by the hydraulic cylinder 19 so that the disks with a large angle of attack move the soil up the slope. Thus, the soil shifted down by the cultivating working bodies 3 will be shifted up the slope using two rows of disks 4, 5 by the amount of the difference in displacements by each row of disks. After turning the gun at the edge of the field, the direction of the slope changes. With the hydraulic cylinder 19, the beam 12 is translated into the opposite extreme position, which provides a change in the direction of the general displacement of the soil relative to the direction of movement, i.e. up the hill.

Thus, the proposed combined tillage implement to prevent soil displacement down the slope allows you to compensate for the displacement of the soil by the cultivating working bodies down the slope when the unit moves across the slope, to maintain soil fertility and yield of cultivated crops at the existing level.

Claims (1)

Combined tillage implement to prevent soil displacement down the slope, including a frame with support wheels, cultivating working bodies mounted on it and disks with opposite angles of attack located in pairs with respect to their tracks, the racks of which are pivotally mounted and connected by their leashes to the bar, different the fact that the disks of the front and rear rows have their own rods, interconnected by means of a rocker with the possibility of increasing the angle of attack of the disks of one row and the mind Reducing the angle of attack of the disks of another row, depending on the steepness of the slope.

Images