RU2457143C1 - Carrier ship for iceberg ice developing and obtaining portable water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to shipbuilding, namely to design of vessels for iceberg water delivery. Carrier ship for iceberg ice developing contains hull divided into intake and process sections. Intake section is located in afterpart of ship hull and made as channel and two board hangars for towing ships. In the channel of intake section, ice intake device is installed which is made in the form of triangular prism one side of which is aligned with channel bottom and two other sides are made at different angle to the channel. Triangular prism side from afterbody of ship hull is made slightly sloping and from forebody - near vertical. On the slightly sloping side grid is placed lateral edges of which are mounted on hoists installed over triangle prism. Process section is made in the form of hangar in the lower part of which central channel is located. In the central channel of process section, device for ice breaking is installed which is made in the form of at lest two triangle prisms in their shape similar to the one installed in intake section. These two prisms divide process section into cubicles. Inside hollow triangle prisms, surface heaters are installed. On slightly sloped side of hollow triangle prism at its bottom part steel tetragonal pyramids with sharp vertices are mounted. On hangar ceiling, hoists are placed over each of hollow triangle prisms. On the hoists, lateral edges of grid are fixed. Mesh of the grid by its shape and dimensions is identical to base of steel tetragonal pyramids. In the forebody of central channel, water accumulator is installed which is provided with heaters.

EFFECT: simplification of iceberg ice developing process, increase in cleanness and quality of target product, improving safety of ship and crew operation.

7 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding, and in particular to the design of ships intended for the delivery of iceberg water to areas with a deficit of environmentally friendly water resources, and devices for crushing ice.

A device for iceberg ice mining is known, in which an arrow is fixed on the vessel, at the end of which an operating element is fixed to destroy the ice mass. The boom is placed on a turntable, and the transporting device for transporting ice to the hold is made in the form of a gutter mounted under the boom. The boom and the chute are made in the form of separate telescopic sections, interconnected and a balancing system, and are equipped with support shoes mounted on the chutes, while inside the boom section a rope is thrown over the pulleys and mounted on a double-drum winch mounted on the platform (US Pat. No. 2170686, B63B 35/00, published on July 20, 2001).

The main disadvantages of the known device are non-compliance with the safety of a floating craft and violation of labor protection. Thus, the presence of a heavy bulky boom and gutter can lead to the roll and trim of the vessel, which is unsafe for both the boom itself and the vessel. Mooring of the vessel to the iceberg is prohibited for safety reasons.

A ship for the development and transportation of ice of icebergs is known, which contains general ship systems and devices for mooring to monolithic ice, a mining unit for crushing ice and loading it into tanks with a drive. The production unit (DU) can be placed on the ship and moved along the rail supports. DU consists of a working body with a drive, mainly electric, mounted on a telescopic or articulated boom, with appropriate mechanisms for changing the reach and elevation angle of the working body. A loading device in the form of a conveyor is connected to the boom, mainly with a ribbed belt associated with the drive. The working body for ice development consists of several pairs of circular saws, between which there are cutters, which are paws with a chopping working part, intended for crushing ice between circular saws (US Pat. RF No. 2080272, B63B 35/00, B63B 35/08, publ. May 27, 1997).

This invention has the disadvantages indicated above, and, in addition, it should be noted disadvantages due to the presence on the vessel of a device for chopping ice. The use of circular saws for ice cutting can lead to jamming of the saws, which can lead to their breakage or destruction, and, as a result, can lead to personal injury. The use of any type of cutter will inevitably lead to contamination of the target product with a grease that is in the cutter's nest, therefore, to obtain clean drinking water from such ice, an additional stage of its purification from impurities must be introduced.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a transport vessel consisting of three hulls. Medium hull designed for the transport of bulky and massive cargo in a hold with double heat-insulated walls, with opening nose flaps and gates. Side hulls with power equipment located on them, fuel, pumps, ship engines. The internal space of the middle hull is formed by the loading compartment, which is divided by bulkheads into two compartments: a receiving compartment located in the bow and a transit compartment, which are designed to move ice directly from the water to the hold and back (US Pat. RF No. 2145562, B63V 25/00 , B63B 35/00, publ. 02.20.2000).

Due to the fact that this vessel is structurally a trimaran, it can only be successfully operated in closed waters. The operation of ships of this type in the open ocean will inevitably lead to breakage, or rather destruction of the bonds between the hulls of the vessel, the larger the vessel, the easier it breaks. This vessel is intended for transportation of large-sized bars of ice, which must first be cut out of the iceberg using mining equipment. For this, saws and cutters are usually used. The use of these devices leads to the fact that the ice is contaminated with oil, diesel fuel and metal impurities formed during the operation of the saws. All of the above leads to the fact that the ice bars are polluted and the water received from the icebergs will require additional treatment. In the end result, this will increase the cost of the target product. Obtaining ice bars of a shape similar in overall dimensions and shape to the loading compartment of the vessel requires the mooring of the vessel to the iceberg and landing on it, which is prohibited by safety measures, since the iceberg has the property of turning over. The execution of the gates in the bow of the ship’s hull significantly complicates the work of the vessel during waves and wind, in addition, when loading blocks of ice through the gate all the dirt that is currently in the sea gets.

To obtain clean water from ice of icebergs, it is advisable to use pieces of ice that have broken off from them, since pieces of ice that drift into the sea spontaneously break off from any iceberg.

The task of the invention is to simplify the process of developing iceberg ice, ensuring the safety of the ship and crew, obtaining a cleaner and better target product.

The problem is solved in that in the well-known transport vessel, including the hull, divided into the receiving and technological departments, decks, pumps, winches and marine engines, according to the invention, the receiving department is located in the aft part of the hull and is made in the form of a channel framed by walls, bottom and aft gate, and two airborne hangars equipped with a gate, wherein the width of the airborne hangar is not less than the width of the tugboat, and the length is not less than the length that ensures the placement of at least one tugboat; an ice receiving device is installed in the channel of the receiving compartment, made in the form of a trihedral prism, while the bases of the trihedral prism are snug against the walls of the channel, one of the sides of the trihedral prism is aligned with the bottom of the channel, and the other two sides are made at different angles to the bottom of the channel, side the trihedral prism from the rear of the hull is flat, and from the bow of the hull is close to vertical; on the flat side of the trihedral prism there is a grid, the lateral edges of which are fixed on winches mounted above the trihedral prism. The technological department is made in the form of a hangar bounded by a ceiling, side walls, a bottom and a receiving department; in the lower part of the hangar there is a central channel with a bottom, on the upper borders of the central channel with a symmetrical arrangement to the right and left towards the body there are ledges-ledges on which the processing equipment is located; between the sides of the ship’s hull and the side walls of the central channel under the ledges-shelves are containers connected to the technological department, a device for crushing ice is installed in the central channel of the technological department.

The reception department is also equipped with an irrigation system.

The problem is also solved by the fact that the ice crushing device installed in the central channel of the technological compartment is made in the form of at least two hollow trihedral prisms dividing the technological compartment into compartments, while the bases of the hollow trihedral prism fit snugly against the channel walls, one of the sides is aligned with the bottom of the channel, and the other two sides are made at different angles to the bottom of the channel, and the side of the hollow trihedral prism from the aft of the hull is flat, and from the bow te hull - close to vertical; devices for heating surfaces and pumping water in containers are installed inside hollow trihedral prisms, steel quadrangular pyramids with a sharp top are rigidly fixed on the flat side of the hollow triangular prism; at least two winches are placed on the ceiling of the central channel hangar above each hollow triangular prism, the side edges of the mesh are fixed on the winches with a mesh identical in shape and size to the base of the steel quadrangular pyramids, while the hollow trihedral prisms from stern to bow, the size of the steel pyramids installed on the flat side of the hollow trihedral prism is reduced, and their number is increased; in the bow of the central channel is a water storage device equipped with devices for heating.

To achieve the claimed technical result, the trihedral prisms of the ice receiving device and the hollow trihedral prisms of the ice crushing device should be made of solid waterproof material, for example stainless steel, anticorrosive steel and various types of ship steel.

In order to avoid contamination of the obtained target product, the mesh moving ice from one compartment to another is made of stainless steel ropes.

Installation in the claimed invention under each winch pallet also prevents contamination of the target product with technical fluids and other impurities.

Tugboats are equipped with a lock of blocks of ice having a horseshoe-shaped shape with steel cones of a conical shape on the working surface. The length of the retaining spikes should provide temporary fixation of the block of ice at the time of towing the block to the vessel (while the tug and block move), when approaching the vessel, they should easily leave the block of ice.

The placement of the front compartment in the stern ensures better stability of the vessel.

The implementation of two side hangars in the stern allows not only to abandon the trimaran design, which is not intended for use in open water areas, but also allows to take at least two tugboats on board the vessel, which ensure the operational operation of the vessel in the areas where iceberg fragments are located. The use of tugboats makes it possible to simplify the process of ice production, since there is no need to moor a transport vessel to an iceberg, which ensures the safety of the crew of the vessel as a result.

Placement in the receiving compartment of the device for receiving ice in the form of a trihedral prism, the bases of which are tightly adjacent to the side walls of the channel, one of the sides of the trihedral prism is aligned with the bottom of the channel, and the other two sides are made at different angles to the bottom of the channel, while the side of the trihedral prism with the rear of the hull is flat, and from the bow of the hull close to vertical, it greatly simplifies the reception of ice blocks and their movement using a mesh of stainless steel ropes into the technological department.

The implementation of the grid of stainless steel ropes allows you to avoid pollution of ice with third-party impurities and provides the ultimate result in obtaining clean high-quality water.

Winches placed in the stern drive a grid of stainless steel ropes, while one of them is draft, and the other is designed to bring the grid to its original state, it also puts the grid on a flat surface of a hollow trihedral prism. The use of mesh and mechanical traction of winches allows you to abandon the use of other technical means for crushing ice (cutters, circular saws), leading to contamination of the target product and dangerous in the expedition for staff.

Equipping the receiving compartment with an irrigation system allows you to wash the ice of the iceberg from sea water and other impurities, which also contributes to obtaining a high-quality target product.

The technological department provides the process of processing iceberg ice into water. The solution to this problem is facilitated to a greater extent by the installation of an ice crushing device in the technological department. This device can be used for crushing ice not only at sea, but also when it is installed stationary on the shore in a dry dock.

The implementation of the device for crushing ice in the form of at least two rigidly attached hollow trihedral prisms, dividing the technological compartment into compartments, the bases of which are snug against the side walls of the channel, one of the sides is aligned with the bottom of the channel, and the other two sides are made at different angles to the bottom of the channel, and the side of the trihedral prism from the aft of the hull is flat, and from the bow of the hull is close to the vertical, and placement on the gentle side, in its lower part, is rigidly fixed with cial quadruple pyramids with acute apex provides crushing ice into smaller pieces.

Placing a mesh of stainless steel ropes with a mesh, in size and shape corresponding to the base of the steel quadrangular pyramids, allows, after a block of ice is broken into smaller pieces, to transport ice by folding the mesh of stainless steel ropes, using winches to the upper edge of the hollow trihedral prism, when falling from which ice falls on the sharp peaks and edges of steel quadrangular pyramids located in the lower part of the shallow side of the hollow trihedral prism of the next compartment.

The implementation of the steel quadrangular pyramids identical on each flat sloping side of the hollow trihedral prism, but varying as the hollow trihedral prism is located from the stern to the bow, ensures ice crushing to the desired size without contamination with metal impurities, since there are no rubbing metal surfaces, while the dimensions of the steel quadrangular pyramids, installed on the gentle side are reduced, and their number is increasing.

The number of hollow trihedral prisms installed in the central channel, performing the role of bulkheads dividing the channel into compartments, depends on the required degree of grinding, but to achieve the claimed technical result there must be at least two.

The installation of heating devices inside hollow trihedral prisms and in the storage of the technological department ensures that the ice melts during crushing and allows you to immediately get environmentally friendly fresh water from the iceberg that meets sanitary standards for drinking water.

The presence of ledges in the ship’s hull allows them to place technological equipment that ultimately provides clean water: pumps equipped with filters, a water quality control laboratory, water packaging plants, etc., and also contributes to the free movement of maintenance personnel.

The invention is illustrated by the following figures. Figure 1 presents the hull in the context of the waterline; figure 2 presents a view of the device for crushing ice, placed in the hull; figure 3 - tugboat with a latch of blocks of ice, top view.

The transport ship is made in the form of a single hull 1, equipped with all necessary ship mechanisms (ship engines, pumps, decks are not indicated on the drawing) and divided into receiving 2 and technological 3 departments. The receiving compartment 2 is located in the aft part of the hull 1 of the vessel and is made in the form of a channel 4 with a bottom framed by the walls 5 and two side 6 hangars equipped with a gate 7, while the width of the side 6 of the hangar is not less than the width of the towing vessel 8, and the length not less than the length ensuring the placement of at least one tugboat 8. In the channel 4 of the receiving compartment 2, equipped with aft 9 gates, an ice receiving device is installed, which is made in the form of a trihedral prism 10, while the base of the trihedral prism fit snugly To the channels 5 of the channel, one of the sides of the trihedral prism is aligned with the bottom of the channel (not indicated in the drawing), and the other two sides are made at different angles to the bottom of the channel, the side of the trihedral prism from the rear of the hull is sloping 11, and from the bow of the hull is close to the vertical 12. On the gentle side 11 there is a grid 13 made of stainless steel ropes, the lateral edges of which are fixed on winches 14 mounted above a trihedral prism 10. Under each winch 14 there is a pallet 15 for collecting waste technological liquids. In addition, the receiving compartment 2 is equipped with an irrigation system 16.

Technological department 3 is made in the form of a hangar 17, bounded by a ceiling 18, side walls 19; in the lower part of the hangar 17 there is a central channel 20 with a bottom. On the upper borders of the central channel 20 with a symmetrical arrangement to the right and left towards the sides of the hull 1 there are ledges-ledges 21, on which the technological equipment is located (not indicated in the drawing), and under the ledges-ledges 21, between the sides of the hull 1 of the vessel and the side walls 19, the central channel 20 installed tanks 22, designed to collect the melted iceberg water, while the tanks 22 are connected to the technological department 3. In the Central channel 20 of the technological department 3 is installed a device for crushing ice, made in the form of at least two hollow trihedral prisms 23, acting as bulkheads, dividing the technological compartment 3 into compartments 24. The hollow triangular prism 23 is placed so that its bases fit snugly against the side walls 19 of the central channel 20, with this, one of the sides is aligned with the bottom of the channel, and the other two sides are made at different angles to the bottom of the channel, and the side of the hollow trihedral prism 23 from the aft of the hull is sloping 25, and from the bow of the hull is close to vertical 26; on the flat side 25 of the hollow trihedral prism 23 in its lower part, quadrangular steel pyramids 27 with a sharp peak are rigidly fixed. Inside the hollow trihedral prisms 23, devices for heating 28 (in particular, heating elements) and a device for pumping water (not indicated) are installed in a container 22 equipped with filters. On the winches 29 installed on the ceiling 18 of the hangar 17 of the central channel 20, at least in an amount of at least two above each hollow triangular prism, the lateral edges of the mesh 30 of stainless steel ropes are fixed. Under each winch 29, a drip tray 15 is installed to collect the waste fluid from the process fluid. The mesh (not shown) of the grid 30 is identical in shape and size to the base of the steel quadrangular pyramids 27, while the hollow trihedral prism 23 is located from the stern to the bow from one compartment 24 to the other, the dimensions of the steel quadrangular pyramids 27 installed on the gently sloping side 25 of the hollow trihedral prisms 23 are reduced, and their number increases. In the bow of the central channel 20 of the technological compartment 3 there is a water storage 31, also equipped with devices for heating 28.

Tugboats 8 are equipped with horseshoe-shaped latches 32 blocks of ice with steel conical nipples 33 on the working surface, providing movement of blocks of ice to the stern of the hull 1 of the vessel and their supply to the receiving compartment 2.

A transport vessel equipped with a device for crushing ice, operates as follows.

Upon arrival of the vessel to the area of the floating ice pieces of different sizes, the gates 7 of the side hangars 6 open and the tug boats 8 are taken out of the hull 1. Each of the tug boats 8 selects an ice piece having dimensions smaller in height and width of the central channel 20, suitable to him, pricks it onto the conical steel spikes 33 of the retainer 32 blocks and tows (pushes) a piece of ice towards the stern of the hull 1 of the transport vessel. The stern gate 9 is opened on the vessel, a net 13 of steel ropes is laid using winches 14 on the gentle side 11 of the trihedral prism 10 installed in the channel 4 of the receiving compartment 2 of hull 1, and the towing vessel 8 drives a piece of ice onto the net 13. Winches 14, placed in the receiving compartment 2 above the trihedral prism 10, remove a block of ice from the conical steel nipples 33 of the retainer 32 blocks of the tugboat 8, which is sent for the next portion of ice. The irrigation system is turned on, and a block of ice in the process of moving to the upper edge of the trihedral prism 10 by folding a grid 13 of stainless steel ropes using winches 14 is washed from all sides by water using an irrigation system 16. Polluted water is poured overboard the vessel. Having reached the upper edge of the trihedral prism 10, a block of ice falls from the side close to the vertical 12 onto the steel quadrangular pyramids 27 with sharp peaks and edges that are installed in the lower part of the gentle side 25 of the hollow trihedral prism 23 located in the compartment closest to the receiving compartment 2 24 technological compartment 3, and the winch 14 of the aft compartment bring the grid 13 to its original position, while the aft gate 9 can be either closed or periodically open depending on the hydrometeorological situation. A block of ice, falling on the sharp peaks and edges of the steel quadrangular pyramids 25, is divided into smaller pieces, a grid of 30 stainless steel ropes, laid on the bases of the steel quadrangular pyramids 27, begins using the winches 29 located on the ceiling 18 of the hangar 17 to move the pieces ice to the next compartment 24. The remaining small pieces of ice are melted using heating devices 28 located inside the hollow trihedral prism 23, and the resulting water is pumped out by pumps (not shown in the drawing) installed on shelves-ledges 21, through filters (not indicated in the drawing) in containers 22 located under the shelves-ledges 21 between the side walls 19 of the central channel 20 and the sides of the housing 1. As the containers 22 are filled, water is pumped into the water storage 31. The process of breaking the ice into smaller pieces continues as it moves to the compartment 24 located in the bow near the water storage unit 31, and ends after small pieces of ice (ice slush) get into the water storage unit 31, where ice is heated by means of a heating device 28 turns into water. From the water storage device 31, water is taken and pumped either to tankers for water delivery (not indicated in the drawing) to the shore, or bottled directly on the vessel using technological equipment located on ledges 21.

Thus, the claimed invention allows to significantly simplify the process of iceberg ice development, to connect devices for receiving, crushing ice and obtaining high-quality target products in the form of bottled water in one case, to ensure the safe work of the crew, due to the separation of the operator from the technological process, which in the end result allows you to control the process remotely from a safe distance.

Claims (7)

1. A transport vessel for iceberg ice development, comprising a hull divided into a receiving and technological compartment, decks, pumps, winches and marine engines, characterized in that the receiving compartment is located in the stern of the hull and is made in the form of a channel framed by walls, bottom and stern gates, and two airborne hangars equipped with gates, while the width of the airborne hangar is not less than the width of the tugboat, and the length is not less than the length ensuring the placement of at least one tugboat in the receiving channel The device has an ice receiving device made in the form of a trihedral prism, the bases of which fit snugly against the channel walls, one of the sides of the trihedral prism is aligned with the bottom of the channel, and the other two sides are made at different angles to the bottom of the channel, the side of the trihedral prism from the rear of the hull made gently sloping, and from the bow of the casing - close to vertical, on the flat side of the trihedral prism there is a grid, the lateral edges of which are fixed on winches mounted above the trihedral prism, a certain compartment is made in the form of a hangar, bounded by a ceiling, side walls and a receiving compartment, a central channel with a bottom is located in the lower part of the hangar, shelves-ledges are located on the upper borders of the central channel with a symmetrical arrangement to the right and left towards the body, on which technological equipment is located , between the sides of the hull and the side walls of the central channel under the shelves-ledges are tanks connected to the technological department, in the Central channel of the technological department An ice crushing device is installed, made in the form of at least two hollow trihedral prisms, dividing the technological compartment into compartments, while the bases of the hollow trihedral prism are tightly adjacent to the side walls of the central channel, one of the sides of the hollow trihedral prism is aligned with the bottom of the central channel, and the other two sides are made at different angles to the bottom of the central channel, and the side of the hollow trihedral prism from the stern of the hull is flat, and from the bow of the hull a - close to the vertical, inside the hollow trihedral prisms, devices for heating are installed, steel quadrangular pyramids with a sharp top are rigidly fixed on the flat side of the hollow trihedral prism, winches are placed on the ceiling of the hangar of the central channel, at least not less than two above each hollow trihedral prism, the side edges of the grid with a mesh are fixed on the winches, with a mesh identical in shape and size to the base of the steel quadrangular pyramids, while as the hollow trihedral isms from the stern to the bow dimensions steel quadrangular pyramids mounted on the hollow side of shallow triangular prism are reduced and their number increases, the bow of the central channel situated water tank provided with heating devices. 2. The transport vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving compartment is equipped with an irrigation system. 3. The transport ship according to claim 1, characterized in that the trihedral prisms of the device for receiving ice are made of solid waterproof material. 4. The transport ship according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow trihedral prisms of the device for crushing ice are made of solid waterproof material. 5. The transport ship according to claim 1, characterized in that the mesh is made of stainless steel ropes. 6. Transport ship p. 1, characterized in that under each winch a pallet is installed. 7. Transport ship p. 1, characterized in that the tugboats are equipped with a latch of blocks of ice having a horseshoe-shaped with conical steel nipples on the working surface.

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