RU2145562C1 - Transport ice carrying ship - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding; ships used for transportation of large-sized cargoes and ice blocks. SUBSTANCE: ice carrier has three hulls. Center hull is used for transportation of large- sized and massive cargoes in hold having double heat-insulated walls. Side hulls are used for power equipment, fuel, pumps and engines. Drive of winch and systems of reduction gears are located on upper deck of center hull. Aft hold gate, bulkheads, hold shelf and side extensions form loading compartment which consists of receiving and transit compartments. Loading compartment is used for taking ice or another cargo which cannot be loaded by known methods because of their sizes from water and placing them in hold. Transit compartment formed by bulkheads is used for receiving and transferring ice block or another cargo from receiving compartment to hold, as well as for isolating the hold from water during loading/unloading jobs. EFFECT: extended range of overall dimensions of cargoes to sizes comparable with sizes of hold; increased hold volume utilization factor; reduction of transport expenses. 5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to shipbuilding, and in particular to the design of ships and their holds, intended for the transportation of bulky goods and blocks of ice.

 Known vessels for the transport of goods (AS USSR 1217717 and 1625768), including the main hull with double walls, lifting and unloading devices, pumps and other deck equipment, as well as auxiliary hulls on the sides of the main hull, serving to increase the stability and carrying capacity of the vessel .

 A disadvantage of previously known technical solutions is the inability to load large-sized cargoes commensurate with the dimensions of the cargo hold, weighing several thousand tons or more.

 The technical result of the invention is to expand the range of overall dimensions of goods taken for loading for transportation by sea, to values commensurate with the dimensions of the hold, reduce loading and unloading operations to several, increase the utilization of the volume of the hold, i.e., ultimately, reduce transportation costs.

 The need to develop transport vessels of this type arose in connection with the problem of lack of drinking water in countries with hot climates and the study of the possibilities of delivering ice to these countries from Antarctica, Greenland, etc. The physical properties of frozen water - ice, its buoyancy in water and the uniqueness of this phenomenon in nature made it possible to approach the problem of loading, unloading, transporting it from the original side, still not considered.

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that the vessel containing the hull with double walls, pumps and winches on the deck of the vessel, side hulls with engines and other equipment, in order to increase the loading capacity of the holds with large ice bars, is supplemented in the stern of the hold with gates, sides, a hold extending deep into the sea at a distance equal to the depth of immersion of the ice beam, two partitions, together with other signs forming the loading compartment of the vessel, consisting of a receiving and trans section of compartments with a length equal to the length of an ice beam.

Glaciers and icebergs of Antarctica were considered as a source of water. Obviously, there are three options for delivering water:
1. In the form of a liquid - this requires high energy consumption for melting ice and unacceptable loading times.

 2. In the form of small pieces of ice - here the energy costs are slightly less, but the capital costs for various kinds of equipment increase significantly; the cargo loading density also decreases and loading times increase.

 3. In the form of large cut bars of ice weighing tens of tons, but at the same time the loading of the vessel is delayed for weeks, the volume of work for tugboats and crane equipment increases hundreds and thousands of times, etc.

 All of the above options unacceptably high increase the cost of water delivered, therefore, a method of delivery in the form of large bars of ice, which in cross section are equal to the cross section of the hold, and in length multiple shorter lengths of the hold. The option is characterized by a minimum of costs for the preparation of the ice beam, its delivery to the vessel and its placement in the hold of the vessel. In addition, simultaneously with ice, cold is also delivered to the destination, the cost of which is quite high there. Ice cutting is carried out on an iceberg, ice shelf or other source of ice, providing the required dimensions of the ice bars. The cut bars are dumped into the sea and then, with the help of tugboats, are pulled up to the ice trimaran, which is located at some distance.

 In FIG. 1 shows an ice transport vehicle; in FIG. 2 is a loading diagram of an ice carrier transport ship with an ice bar; in FIG. 3 - placement of bars of ice in a transport vessel-ice carrier during their transportation.

 Structurally, the vessel is a trimaran, since such a design provides the greatest stability, buoyancy and margin of safety during loading and unloading and transportation. The transfer of engines to the side hulls, which from auxiliary ones, as in a regular trimaran, turned into equally important ones, gave the trimaran high maneuverability necessary for carrying out loading and unloading operations with bulky goods in water.

 The ship consists of three hulls. The middle hull 2 is designed for the transportation of bulky and massive cargo in a hold with double insulated walls. Side hulls 1 and 3 with the power equipment, fuel, pumps, engines of the vessel located on them. On the deck of the hull 2 there is a winch drive 4, a gear system 5 for controlling the aft hold doors 6 and partitions 7 and 8. Slope 9 smooths the transition from the receiving compartment to the bottom of the vessel. The sides 10 and 11, elongated deep into the sea, form the side walls of the receiving compartment.

 In total, the aft hold doors 6, partitions 7, 8, hold slope 9, elongated sides 10, 11 form the loading compartment. Its design, consisting of the receiving and transit compartments, provides for water intake and placement in the hold of ice or other cargo in the water, the size and weight of which do not allow loading operations in the hold of the vessel by currently known technical means and methods. Aft hold doors, made in the form of several pairs of leaves or vertically lowering and rising plates, are equal to the cross section of the receiving compartment of the loading compartment of the vessel. The transit compartment formed by the partitions ensures the reception, placement and transfer of an ice beam or cargo from the receiving compartment further into the hold and isolation of the hold from sea water during loading and unloading operations. The side hulls, which in the usual classical trimaran designs performed an auxiliary role to increase the stability of the vessel during water waves, in this vessel, designed for loading, unloading multi-ton bars of ice or other loads and transporting them over long distances, became the main ones with their own power plants, the location of them on them gave the vessel exceptional maneuverability and allowed them to be loaded from water, and also significantly increased stability, buoyancy and cargo emnost vessel.

 The displacement of the side hulls of the trimaran due to its functional purpose - ensuring the stability of the vessel when loading multi-ton loads directly from the water into the hold - must be of a value that ensures stable and safe loading and unloading of the vessel.

 Transport ship is used as follows.

 When crossing the sea to the source of raw materials - an iceberg, the vessel moves with hermetically sealed aft gates 6 and partitions 7 and 8, like an ordinary vessel. When the towed ice bar has been delivered to the loading point and the tugboat has sailed for the next one, the operation of loading it into the hold of the hull 2 begins. Gate leaves 6 and the partition 7 open. The receiving compartment and the transit compartment are filled with water to sea level. The design and dimensions of the receiving compartment are such that they provide reception and placement of ice intended for loading into the hold. The transit compartment after loading the hold may take the ice beam 16 for transportation as part of the hold. The trimaran, maneuvering the engines in the side hulls, floats with an open stern on the ice beam, until it completely fits in the receiving compartment. Next, the gate leaves 6 are closed and the sea water is pumped into the loading compartment, until its level in it raises the ice beam to a height at which the beam pulled by the winch does not float from the receiving compartment into the transit compartment. The bulkhead 7 is closed, the remaining water, if any, is pumped overboard. The hold gate 6 opens and the water level in the receiving compartment drops to sea level. Then the bulkhead 8 opens, and the beam with the help of winches is pulled into the hold of the vessel. Then the bulkhead 8 is lowered, isolating the hold from the receiving compartment, making it possible to proceed with the next loading operation. These loading operations are repeated until the vessel is fully loaded in several stages until the hold is filled with ice blocks 15.

 The design and overall dimensions of all three hulls of the trimaran provide and provide the necessary buoyancy of the vessel during depressurization of the receiving compartment and loading operations from the beginning to the end. In addition, the vessel should have a sufficiently powerful refrigeration unit to freeze the ice beam to the bottom and sides of the hold to exclude the possibility of its movement during transportation. The vessel also provides the possibility of using a thermal device or a device for melting ice. The resulting water will fill all the gaps between the ice and the wall of the hold, then it will freeze itself or be frozen and thus ensure a tight and reliable fit of the ice mass to the wall of the hold, which will ensure the safety of the vessel on the way. When freezing, the effect of water expansion during freezing is taken into account. A thermal device will also be needed to defrost the bottom and sides of the hold before unloading ice. Before transporting ice, various kinds of heat-insulating materials 14 are placed between the ice bars placed in the hold, which do not allow the ice bars to freeze among themselves, which will ease the problem of unloading.

 The features of the hold are free space throughout its volume (with the possibility of establishing partitions to tighten the structure); double, with the function of thermal insulation, walls (as the ship will cross the tropics in warm ocean waters); the inner surface of the walls of the hold has a sufficient slip coefficient (to facilitate the retraction of the beam of cargo in the hold and back); the distance between the walls of the hold allows you to arrange between them all kinds of sensors and pipelines refrigeration 12 and heating plants 13.

Claims (5)

 1. A transport vessel containing a middle hull with double walls, pumps, winches on its deck, side hulls and marine engines, characterized in that the stern of the middle hull has elongated inland sea sides, insulating, installed with the possibility of raising and lowering partitions, hold gates, which together form the receiving and transit compartments for moving goods directly from the water to the hold and back.  2. The transport ship according to claim 1, characterized in that the hold of the middle hull has double insulated walls.  3. The transport ship according to claim 1, characterized in that the marine engines are located in the side hulls to increase maneuverability during loading and unloading.  4. The transport vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a thermal heating installation of the walls of the hold for the formation of water during ice melting, filling the space between the transported ice beam and the walls of the hold.  5. A transport vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a refrigeration unit for freezing the ice bars in their places to increase the safety of the vessel during transportation.

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