RU2452160C1 - Machine for preparing soil for combine harvesting of potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery. The machine comprises a frame, support-gauge rollers, digging working body, raddle chains, cross transfer. The machine has two independent from each other sections of clod-breaking device. The sections are located symmetrically in relation to the longitudinal axis of the machine and made operated in the vertical and horizontal planes with a lever mechanism.

EFFECT: constructive implementation enables to improve effectiveness of crumbling soil clods.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for preparing arable soil horizon for harvesting potatoes.

A known machine for preparing the field for planting and harvesting potatoes, the crushing device of which has sections of disks on the shaft with knives fixed to them [1].

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of grinding and crumbling soil.

Of the known technical solutions, the closest in technical essence is a machine for preparing the soil for harvesting potatoes, consisting of a frame, supporting-copy rollers, a digging tool, bar elevators and a cross conveyor [2]. Moreover, it is equipped with a lump-breaking device made in the form of two sections symmetrically and mirrored on the shaft relative to the longitudinal axis of the machine. Each section consists of parallel disks mounted at an angle to the axis of rotation of the shaft; knives are pivotally mounted on each disk. The distance between the blades of the blades of adjacent discs is equal to 1.5 distances between the bars of the elevator. The ratio between the length of the knife and the distance from the axis of rotation of the shaft to the axis of the hinge of the knife mounting is in the range of 2.3-2.5. The destructive device is installed with the possibility of height adjustment.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low efficiency of crumbling lumps of soil due to the fact that the knives of the lumping device in contact with the lumps of soil only partially destroy them, and partially shift them in the direction of movement.

The present invention is aimed at improving the efficiency of crumbling lumps of soil moving along the elevator of the machine.

Essence: the effectiveness of the destruction of soil lumps is due to the fact that the machine has two independent from each other and symmetrically located relative to the longitudinal axis of the machine sections of the crushing device, controlled in vertical and horizontal planes by means of a lever mechanism, so that two modes of operation of the crushing device are possible, respectively, when sequential and parallel arrangement of sections.

This is achieved by the fact that in a machine for preparing the soil for harvesting potatoes, including a frame, track-rollers, a digging tool, bar elevators, a cross conveyor and a crushing device, each section of the crushing device consists of knives attached to the shaft, on the other the end of which is screwed into the sleeve, fixing the spring, the other end of which abuts against the bearing, which is attached to the lever, on the other end of which there is an axis, due to which the section is rotated in a vertical plane speed at an angle α. Due to the lever and the handle, the section of the lump-breaking device is rotated in the horizontal plane by an angle β.

Figure 1 schematically shows a machine for preparing soil for harvesting potatoes with a lump-breaking device of the proposed design, figure 2 is the same top view, figure 3 is a lump-breaking device, figure 4. - the same, top view. The machine contains:

1 - frame;

2 - backup copy rollers;

3 - digging working body;

4 - bar elevator;

5 - lump-breaking device;

6 - left section;

7 - the right section;

8 - knife;

9 - shaft;

10 - sleeve;

11 - spring;

12 - bearing;

13 - lever;

14 - axis;

15 - lever;

16 - handle.

The field preparation machine includes frame 1; backup rollers 2; digging working body 3; bar elevator 4; over which a lump-breaking device 5 is installed, consisting of sections 6 and 7 symmetrically located with respect to the longitudinal axis of the machine. Each section of the lump-breaking device consists of knives 8 attached to the shaft 9, at the other end of which a sleeve 10 is screwed, fixing the spring 11, the other end of which abuts into the bearing 12, attached to the lever 13, on the other end of which the axis 14 is located, due to which the section is rotated in a vertical plane by an angle α. Due to the lever 15 and the handle 16, the section of the lump-breaking device is rotated in the horizontal plane by an angle β.

The machine operates to prepare the soil for harvesting potatoes as follows.

When the machine moves, a digging-in working body 3, mounted on a frame 1 connected to the supporting-rollers 2, cuts the soil layer and transfers it to the elevator 4, where the soil lumps are separated and crumbled by a lump-breaking device 5. Depending on the thickness and width of the formation, the operator due to the arms 15 controls the left and right sections in a horizontal plane, while regulating the necessary crumbling of the soil. Knives 8, thanks to the shaft 9 rotating, cut the soil into the necessary fractions. The speed of rotation of the shaft 9 depends on the moisture of the soil and the translational feed rate of the formation by the elevator 4. The formation is adjusted depending on its profile by the operator by turning the levers 15 in a vertical plane.

This design of the lump-breaking device 5 also makes it possible to arrange sections 6 and 7 sequentially, in this operating mode, the soil is crushed by the operator, for example, section 6, by rotating the knives clockwise, and then by processing section 7, by rotating the knives counterclockwise.

Thus, two modes of operation of the lump-breaking device are possible, respectively, with sequential and parallel arrangement of sections.

Laboratory studies of a prototype machine for soil preparation and combine harvesting potatoes with the proposed design of a lump-breaking device showed its higher efficiency in comparison with the known technical solutions.

Information sources

1. A.S. USSR No. 697072, MKI ³ A01B 43/00, 1979.

2. A.S. No. 1426483, MKI ³ A01B 49/02. A machine for preparing a field for planting and harvesting potatoes / Petrov GD, Sorokin A.A., Alferov G.S., Gadzhiev P.I., Kim G.D., Makhlin B.E. - No. 4232394 / 30-15; Stated March 23, 87; Publ. 09/30/88; Bull. Number 36.

Claims (3)

1. A machine for preparing the soil for harvesting potatoes, including a frame, track rollers, a digging tool, bar elevators, a cross conveyor and a crushing device, characterized in that the machine has two independently separated sections of the crushing device located symmetrically with respect to longitudinal axis of the machine and controlled in vertical and horizontal planes using a lever mechanism. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that each section of the lump-breaking device consists of knives fixed to a shaft, on the other end of which is screwed a sleeve that fixes the spring, the other end of which abuts against a bearing attached to the lever, and on the other end of the lever an axis is located that provides the angular rotation of the section in a vertical plane. 3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the angular rotation in the horizontal plane at the angle of the sections of the lump-breaking device is carried out by means of a lever and a handle.

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